 Welcome everyone to our class on New Testament survey. Can someone open us with a word of prayer, please? That's great. Gracious of being here. Thank you for anybody who wants to partake in your lessons and your teaching. We pray for your presence and peace in this class and for your help to help us to understand what your word of prayer is. So according to the schedule that I posted at the start of the semester, I was supposed to put your midterm assessment up for this class this week but we are a little bit behind so what I'll do is we'll finish the Gospel of John and then we'll do the first quiz and everything up to John. So we'll try and finish it next week and then I'll post the quiz after we finish John. And then there were a few people who were not assigned a chapter to summarize so whoever didn't cover any chapter in Luke I have the list of names there. All your names are there on that spreadsheet. So whoever's left I'll assign some of John for all those who didn't get a chance with Luke. So we'll just continue. We are not going back to previous content for this class because there's just a lot of content. We'll just continue from where we stopped. I need to share screen again. I need to or start the presentation again. I think it's working for everyone online. Oh no. Okay. Let me just make sure. I'll just restart the presentation online. I think it's not changing slide. Okay. So we came to the end of the Gospel of Luke. We're just looking at a few supplements or some things that Luke talks about, that's talked about in other books in the New Testament and what the New Testament's teaching is as a whole, considering Luke's teaching as well. So last week we ended with the teaching on the Holy Spirit from the Gospel of Luke and then from the New Testament as a whole. I think we kind of covered some of these points, but maybe we'll just do a quick. So the New Testament teaches us that the Holy Spirit is one with the Father and Son. So the teaching on the Trinity talks about the Holy Spirit as a comforter. And the Holy Spirit, although mentioned in the Old Testament, is not fully revealed until the New Testament. So we get a better understanding of who the Holy Spirit is and how the Holy Spirit leads us and works in our lives as believers from the New Testament. In Luke and in the other Gospels, we see the Holy Spirit being mentioned in Jesus' conception and as the one who empowers Jesus to do the ministry that he is doing. So we know that Jesus emptied himself of his divine powers and came in human flesh. And so all that he did was by the power of the Holy Spirit, which is why we say that believers today can live like Jesus because as Jesus walked in the flesh and was filled with the Holy Spirit, we as believers can be filled with the Holy Spirit and live as Jesus lived. The Holy Spirit was promised to the disciples as a source of their power, so specifically to be witnesses for Jesus. And let's just look at John 16, 5 to 15. Maybe someone can read that for us versus 5 to 15. Now I go away to him who sent me and none of you asks me, where are you going? But because I have said these things to you, sorrow has filled your heart. Nevertheless, I tell you the truth. It is to your advantage that I go away for if I do not go away, the helper will not come to you. But if I depart, I will send him to you and when he has come, he will conduct the world of sin and of righteousness and of judgment of sin because they do not believe in me of righteousness because I go to my father and you see me no more of judgment because the ruler of this world is judged. I still have many things to say to you but you cannot bear them now. However, when he, the spirit of truth has come, he will guide you into all truth for he will not speak on his own authority but whatever he hearts, he hears, he will speak and he will tell you many things to come. He will glorify me for he will take off what is mine and declare it to you and things that the father has are mine. Therefore I said that he will take off mine and declare it to you. Okay, thank you. So we see here Jesus promising the Holy Spirit to the disciples after he leaves. So the Holy Spirit was meant to empower the disciples to continue to follow Jesus and to carry out the work that Jesus had started and also for the Holy Spirit to move in the world to convict those who were hearing the message of the Gospel of sin righteousness judgment to help people turn to the Lord. So some other ways in which the Holy Spirit is taught to be in operation in our midst is helping us learn and obey God's will giving us power over our sinful nature helping us to be in relationship with God so we are no longer in relationship with God based on the covenant of law but on the covenant through the Spirit and then as we follow the Holy Spirit's leading the Holy Spirit begins to transform who we are on the inside and transform the way we live. So as Christians today the Holy Spirit continues to empower us for ministry so like we said we can continue to live like Jesus because we have the Holy Spirit in us. The Holy Spirit gives us gifts so we read in 1 Corinthians 12 that we are all given spiritual gifts for the benefit of the entire body of Christ. So those spiritual gifts come from the Holy Spirit and that is those are the ways in which the Holy Spirit continues to operate in us as individuals and through the church as well. Luke also talks about judging others. Luke, James and Paul all talk about judging. In James we see that we are called to not judge so if someone can read this James 412 you can read from the slide off from your Bible James 412 and then Romans 157a There is one Lord ever who is able to save and destroy who are you to judge another. In Romans 157 Distance Christ also received. Thank you. So we see here that they are saying we should not judge others, right? But we also see in 1 Corinthians 512 that we should be judging certain people in the church when there is sin in the church. So those seem to be contrasting teachings but in 1 Corinthians 5 it's saying we have to judge those inside the church because there should not be any wickedness allowed inside the church. We should not let sin enter the church because from that sin other people may enter into sin that yeast spreads through the church. So we need to take a stand with God against things that do not go in accordance with his will things that he considers wrong things that are considered sinful by God. And the other place we call to judge is Matthew 1815 to 17 this is where if two believers have a dispute you go to the other believer you try to sort it out it doesn't work out they're not willing to listen to you then you bring somebody else into the discussion if they are still not willing to listen to the other person then you go to the church elders and the church elders help you make a judgment or make a judgment in that if the person is still not willing to receive correction then they are treated as someone who is not part of the church because they are unwilling to submit to Christ teaching submit to authority. So these are the places where judging is said to be necessary but in Luke James and in Romans where Paul is talking about judging these are where it comes to just judging other people where we are looking at other people and condemning them for no reason especially not a moral reason and we are looking at people outside the church and judging them that's where judgment is very very wrong because we in that way are excluding people from the church so we put ourselves on a higher pedestal okay okay so prayer in the New Testament Luke teaches on prayer from the perspective of us being children of God so as God as our father and when we come to him in prayer we come as his children so we can come with that kind of confidence that he will hear us and he will give us better than the things that we ask for and then as Hebrew 14-16 says we can come with confidence before the throne of God that we are welcomed into God's presence and we will be heard because Jesus is our high priest so we can come before the Father with confidence Luke also teaches on money so Luke 12 talks about not being consumed with the abundance of what we have but trusting in God God to meet all of our needs so let's just read these passages Luke 12, 15, 30 and 31 being said to them, take heed and beware of covetousness for one's life, one's life does not consist in the abundance of the things he possesses 30, 31 and then 33 as well for all these things the nations of the world seek after and your Father knows that you need these things but seek the kingdom of God and all these things shall be added to you send what you have and give alms provide yourselves money bags which do not grow old a treasure in the heavens that does not fail there are no thief approaches nor what destroys okay so basically Luke is saying don't follow the way of the world the world pursues riches but don't live in that same way instead trust God to meet your needs and be generous to those in need so give from what you have to those who are poor and store up treasures for yourself in heaven now when he's saying to give it's always we see in scripture that we give out of our abundance we don't give and then be people who are lacking or we shouldn't give to that extent so we give out of the abundance that God has blessed us with and then other teaching in the New Testament from 1st Timothy saying that the love of money is the root of our evil so it's not money itself that is evil but running after pursuing of money that is evil okay so with that we come to the end of the book of Luke and we'll just start I don't think we'll be actually able to go into the outline of John today we'll just look at some of the highlights of John and then on Thursday whoever's assigned chapter and John please be prepared to do that okay to just summarize for us so John is different from the synoptics in that there are no parables at all in the book of John which is very very unique we see so many parables in Matthew, Mark and Luke John also doesn't talk a lot about the miracles of Jesus he includes only seven miracles and the eighth one if we consider it as a miracle is where Jesus comes back after his resurrection and sees the disciples fishing and they've not caught any fish and then he asks them to put their net in again and they catch a large amount of fish that's when they realize that it's Jesus and Peter comes running to Jesus from the boat so if we include that there'll be eight miracles in John and between John and the other gospels there's two miracles that are repeated so whatever speeches are made in John focus more on Jesus himself rather than any moral teaching like we see the Beatitudes in Matthew those kinds of teachings are not there about living as per the kingdom it's more on who Jesus himself is the gospel of John by the early church fathers was viewed as one of the early church fathers Clement of Alexandria called it the spiritual gospel and actually it was a very very important gospel in understanding Jesus within the Trinity the divinity of Jesus so this gospel was very foundational for the early church because until the church came to be there was no concept of the Trinity it was with Jesus coming and the establishing of the church that they started to talk about Jesus divinity how does it relate to the father how does the Holy Spirit relate to the father and the son so John's gospel contributed a lot to that foundational theology of Jesus divinity and how he relates to the father and the Holy Spirit so that's why it's called the spiritual gospel John Calvin said it's the key which opens the door to the understanding of the other gospels the rest of that quote is whoever I'm not quoting exactly but it says whoever understands the power of Christ as it's portrayed in the gospel of John will be able to read the other gospels and better understand what it means that Jesus was the redeemer so if you understand the person of Christ in the gospel of John then go back to the other gospels and read them you are able to better understand how Jesus is the redeemer of all people then John uses a lot of reference to the feasts that were happening so the Jewish feasts he mentions three pass-overs the other gospels only mention one pass-over that is towards the end where Jesus is crucified that's the pass-over they mention but John mentions all three pass-overs basically the three years that Jesus is ministering he uses those to provide a sense of chronology of when Jesus is doing certain things he also refers to certain other feasts we won't read the verses but certain other feasts that were happening at the time so it kind of gives us an ability to know exactly when in the year this happened that event happened John's gospel is highly theological focusing specifically on the person of Christ okay so some of the characteristics of John's gospel in the old so references to the Old Testament we'll read these verses Jesus as part of the history of the Jews we'll just if everyone I mean someone can open 112 16 3 2 4 22 and in chapter 5 we have a few verses of John chapter 1 verses 11 he came to his own and his own people did not receive him okay so here we see Jesus being connected to the Jews himself that he was one of them and he came to them and they didn't they didn't receive him John 16 and he told those who sold the pigeons take these things away do not make my father's house a house of trade here Jesus shows his authority over the temple and also that relationship with the father that he has authority because it's his father's house John 3 2 John 3 2 this man came to Jesus by night and said to him Rabbi we know that you are a teacher come from God for no one can do these signs that you do unless God is with him so here Jesus is recognized as an authority by Nicodemus Nicodemus himself is a Pharisee he is a member of the Jewish Council and he is we see in John that he recognizes Jesus as a teacher with authority John 4 22 John 4 22 you worship what you do not know we know what we worship for salvation is of the Jews thank you so here Jesus himself is putting him is stating that he is one of the Jews and he is also stating that revelation of who God is belongs to the Jews or the Jews have that revelation and chapter 5 4 verses chapter 5 verses 39 the scriptures because you think that in them you have eternal life and it is they that bear witness about me 40 yet you refuse to come to me that you may have life verses 45 do not think that I will accuse you to the father there is one who accuses you Moses on whom you have set your hope 36 for if you believed Moses you would believe me for he wrote of me so we see here in John that Jesus is very closely tied to Jewish history as the fulfillment of the Old Testament teachings as a Jew as a person who can authoritatively speak from the Old Testament as well as a teacher so let's read John 12 40 to 41 please someone can read that he has blinded their eyes and hardened their hearts thus they should see with their eyes thus they should understand with their hearts and so that I should heal them was 41 these things Isaiah said when you saw his glory and spoke of so here we see that John is talking about Isaiah talking about Jesus right so we see both from Jesus's testimony and the Gospel itself that the Old Testament is pointing to Jesus and Jesus is the fulfillment of the Jewish Old Testament scriptures in John we also see teaching on the Holy Spirit so we read a little bit earlier about that from the end of the Gospel of John where Jesus is promising the Holy Spirit to the disciples but right from the start so chapter 3 John when Jesus is talking to Nicodemus he talks about the Holy Spirit being responsible for people being born again and then he talks about how just as you know that the wind is present but you don't know how the wind is going to move that's how the Holy Spirit moves so you can't predict how the Holy Spirit will move but you know when the Holy Spirit is at work then chapter 4 verse 24 he's talking to the Samaritan woman at the well and he talks about the God being spirit and we worship him in spirit and truth John 7 39 where the Holy Spirit is promised and it says Jesus was talking about the Holy Spirit who had not yet been received because the Holy Spirit would be sent after Jesus was glorified and then Jesus' fable speech which is what we read earlier when we're looking at the Gospel of Luke we see the Holy Spirit being talked about as the spirit of truth the comforter, the intercessor, the advocate that the spirit is our teacher and will be a witness to Christ and that the spirit will convict the world of sin, righteousness and judgment in the Gospel of John we also see a lot of repetitive themes so one is life and we'll see that word come up a lot through the Gospel so this is a very good book to do if you're doing a word study to take a word like that and then study it throughout the book and see what does John teach on life or teach on light because he uses those words very intentionally throughout the Gospel so we see here multiple times where he talks about Jesus being the source of eternal life chapter 3 15, 16, 36, chapter 6 verse 47, chapter 17 verse 2 then he talks about Jesus being the bread of life he talks about Jesus offering water which brings up to eternal life so this is with the Samaritan woman at the well talks about Jesus giving abundant life I came that you might have life in abundance and then he talks about at the end of the Gospel so his very purpose of writing the Gospel is that we might have life through faith in Christ so his main goal in this is to show Jesus as the giver of life as the source of life which is a very good reason to start the Gospel with that connection to Genesis so when he is talking Genesis is the start of all creation and the start of humanity the giving of life and Jesus is connected to the source of life throughout this Gospel as well then we see light as a very important theme throughout the Gospel so Jesus himself is referred to as the light in the first chapter of John so the light came into the darkness the darkness could not overcome it and then he talks about John pointing to Jesus as the light who was to come then we see throughout the Gospel references to light we must work while it is still day because when it is night we won't be able to continue working Jesus is talking to his disciples reference to Jesus being the light of the world being present there with them and that when he is gone when persecution comes or when he is put to death he won't be able to continue his mission so he has to finish his mission before that Jesus also talks a lot about I mean John also talks a lot about love so the father's love of the son so he connects Jesus' whole mission on the earth to God's love John 3.16 is the most well known verse connecting the fact that Jesus' reason for coming to this world was because of the father's love for us he talks about the father's love for the son God's love for people and then love also in terms of Peter's reconciliation so after Peter denies Jesus we see at the end of John Jesus asked Peter do you love me if you love me feed my sheep take care of my lambs so he is instructing Peter based on love go back and minister to people so the whole mission of Jesus is encompassed in love and then John as a gospel in comparison to the other gospels doesn't focus a lot on events on what Jesus was doing he is more focused on the significance or the importance of what was happening so even if he talks about an event his focus is on why that was important what did it reveal about who Jesus is so some ways in which John portrays Jesus he uses the son of God very frequently so like we said earlier he talks about the love of the father for the son he also uses this title of son of God so focusing on Jesus's relationship to the father and how that is significant for us as believers the fact that Jesus is the son of God he also focuses on the humanity of Jesus so we see at the wedding he is present in a very his relationship with the mother his presence in a wedding as part of a family occasion then we see at the well at Saikar he is thirsty and tired and he stops at the well the story of Lazarus he is deeply moved and he weeps in the upper room across he was thirsty so they are seeing not only that divine side of who Jesus is being presented but also the human side of how he was relating to people and how he felt personally being thirsty being tired and then we see Jesus presented at as the Messiah so right at the start of the gospel if someone can read John 1.41 for us he first found his own brothers and said to him we have found the Messiah so right at the beginning of the gospel like the first chapter itself we are seeing that declaration by someone else like by one of the disciples that Jesus is the Messiah Jesus is not saying it himself we see also John chapter 4 the Samaritan woman goes back to her village and she says come see a man who told me everything about myself could this be the Messiah and then John 6 where the multitudes want to make Jesus king that is unique to John's gospel and then obviously this one term of Jesus being the Logos which is again unique to John's gospel he uses the Greek word Logos which is a word that was very common in Greek philosophy so that word points to the wisdom behind which all creation exists so the wisdom that brought all creation all of the cosmos into existence so it literally means a thought or a principle an underlying principle that is expressed in a speech that is expressed in a word the meaning of the word Logos if we compare the four gospels Matthew, Mark, Luke and John we look at how each of them presented Jesus so Matthew presented Jesus to the Jews and so he begins with talking about Jesus' birth and connects Jesus back to Abraham so he goes over the genealogy of Jesus right up to Abraham who is the father of the Jews Mark begins the gospel with Jesus' public ministry like we talked about the gospel of Mark is very very action oriented so constantly going from one thing to the next that Jesus was doing in his ministry and so Mark right from the start begins with Jesus' ministry and he was 30 years. Luke his audience is much broader so he is looking at all people at the whole world as our goal for taking the gospel to all people and Jesus as a saviour for all people so when he is presenting Jesus' ancestry he goes back to Adam the son of man sorry, Adam the son of God so the first man who was in existence so that's the father of all people rather than what Matthew does Abraham the father of the Jews and then John presents Jesus' divine origin so like we talked about John is connecting Jesus back to the very beginning so before all creation existed Jesus existed with the father which is why that whole gospel, I mean the whole doctrine of the Trinity is so strongly based on the gospel of John because he starts with connecting Jesus to the beginning before all creation so right from there we see Jesus as the source of all creation and Jesus as the means through which creation came to be so what are the implications of Jesus being the Logos Jesus is the eternal God he is the force behind everything created everything was created by him and for him but at the same time he is not just an impersonal force, he is not just some kind of energy that brought things into existence, he is someone who took on flesh and became one of us related to one of us came to live with us so we see both that divine and the human being presented in Jesus so we come to the end the last thing John's exclusions and inclusion so what did John choose to include in his gospel and what did he choose to exclude from his gospel that's a little long I think we'll just see how much we can cover before we close so I don't have this up on the presentation I'll just from the notes just one more time so John doesn't choose to talk about Jesus' birth, Jesus' conception his baptism, his temptations, all of these things that we know from the synoptics are not at all included in the gospel of John doesn't talk about Jesus casting out demons doesn't have the transfiguration doesn't have the institution of the last supper where Jesus tells his disciples to continue breaking bread continue to follow that practice he doesn't include Jesus praying in Gethsemane, he doesn't include Jesus' ascension, he doesn't talk about the miracles so only like we looked at he talks about very few miracles he doesn't talk about the kingdom of God and he doesn't have any parables there are many what we would consider very important parts of Jesus' life and ministry John doesn't talk about but he does talk about Jesus focusing a lot of his ministry in the north so we looked at last week that map of of Galilee and let me see if I can find that so Galilee was in the north and then there was Samaria and then there was Judea so John talks a lot about Jesus' ministry being focused in Galilee itself sorry I can't find that map but Jesus' ministry was focused very much in the north a northern part of of where the Jews were staying and so it was mostly in Galilee that he ministered so John mentions that in the three and a half years that he was ministering about 30 months of his ministry was in the region of Galilee so that's where all of the fishing happened all of his ministry with that part of the people of Judea and then he comes to the south only for all the feasts so he mentions those three feasts so every time there is a Passover every time there is a feast he comes down to Jerusalem John mentions those visits to Jerusalem and he focuses on those six months that Jesus ministered in Judea and Jerusalem towards the time of the crucifixion we look more at some distinctive features of John towards the end before we go into the outline so we will stop here for now on Thursday we will go into the outline so just be prepared to share on whichever chapter I assigned to you I will post that today I think or tomorrow ok ok thank you all see you all on Thursday