 Good afternoon, everyone. I'd like to ask you to start taking your seats, please. We are starting to reach the end of these dialogues with a session about enabling youth to overcome environmental challenges. My name is Julia Mancini Pineru, and I'm a member of the United Nations major group for children and youth. There is a formal space for youth to self-organize and engage in UN processes and negotiations. I study migration. I work with migration, and I'm a migrant myself. And the theme of migration and the context of climate change is very dear to me. So I would like to make a quick fieldwork with you all present. I will ask you questions, and I'd like to ask you to raise your hands, please. So who here comes from a country with a large youth population? Please raise your hands. So I have an idea. Okay, not that many. Who here comes from a country that suffers with the impacts of climate change? Please raise your hands. Thank you. And then the last one that is the hardest, as all the students know. Who here comes from a country where the global climate change strikers did not take place? Okay, what? Nice to see. Two, okay. So as we can see, the consequences of climate change impacts everyone, but it does not impact on the same way. To be a trigger of migration or displacement, there are many variables as the environmental challenges of the region, the vulnerability, the resilience and adaptation mechanism of the affected population. These elements vary according with the region, the type of livelihood and housing, the population distribution, the cultural, economic, political and institutional situation. However, some patterns are starting to be identified. Studies shows that youth living in rural areas, especially girls, are one of the most vulnerable populations and the first one to leave their homes trying to find alternative livelihoods and to adapt to the impacts of climate change. But youth, it's not only vulnerable. Youth is also creative, energetic, it's innovative. And youth is taking the leadership to create strategies to face the environmental challenges. And our great panellists are here today to discuss some of the strategies. I have some questions prepared to you and I will ask you to restrict for three to five minutes each answer. So we have time in the end to interact with everyone. And I'll quickly read their profiles. So on my left, I have Mrs. Zakia Ali. She's a fourth year law student. She previously spoke at the humanitarian village about the periods of nuclear testing on the Pacific, which developed her interest in the areas of climate change and resilience in the Pacific. Her internship at UNHCHR, enhances her focus on human rights advocacy and women's rights activism. She has been a panellist alongside the UN Secretary General, in which she deliberated on the impacts of the climate crisis on vulnerable groups, including women, children and LGBTQI. Her most recent engagement as a youth advocate was with the World Bank at a panel discussion on healthy oceans held at the University of the South Pacific. To my right, I have Ms. Nina Birkeland. Nina works for the Norwegian Refugee Council, the NRC's partnership and policy department, a senior advisor on disaster displacement and climate change since 2013. Most recently, she led the development of the new UNDRR Awards into Action Guidance on Disaster Displacement. Nina has worked on forced migration issues since the early 90s in academia and for NGOs. She also represents NRC on the platform on disaster displacements advisory committee. And then on the far right, I have Mr. Ibrahima Faye. He's a young entrepreneur who created Senagriculture to align with his ambitions to centralize the entrepreneurial spirit of young people towards subjects such as agriculture, livestock and agro food. Senagriculture is active in creating a model to attract youth through different digital channels. Today, Senagriculture has trained more than 100 young Africans bringing together a network of 3 million people and he became the first media exclusively dedicated to agro business in Senegal. So I start with a question to Ms. Zakia. Climate change impacts, including environmental degradation and natural disasters are too often overlooked factors that contribute to human displacement and migration. Can you explain us the ways in which these two environmental challenges have a disproportionate impact on certain regions and groups? Pacific island communities are extremely vulnerable to climate change and natural hazards which inevitably translates to our major challenges for the development aspirations for our people. While contributing the least to this calamity, we suffer disproportionately because of our environmental, our social and our economic vulnerability. While the climate crisis has severe implications for people in the Pacific and the patterns of impact we see are evident in the form of frequent, more intense cyclones, sea water inundation, decline in agricultural production, these impacts vary across regions. Pacific people, for instance, that live in coastal communities are particularly susceptible to these impacts. These people rely on produce from the sea for their sustenance, for their livelihoods. So it must be acknowledged that while the climate crisis is a global issue and it affects everyone, it has a greater impact on the most vulnerable within our communities. Women, Indigenous people, ethnic minorities, people with disabilities, the poor, now young people, the youth, fall in each of these categories. These groups often lack access to and control over resources, over power, over knowledge and this in turn determines the responsibilities assigned to them, the activities that they undertake and the decision making opportunities before, during and after a disaster. So these elements influence the ways that such groups experience the climate crisis and how they respond to the climate crisis as well as other disasters which further exacerbates social inequality. Three out of four people living in poverty rely on agricultural and natural resources for survival. With saltwater intrusion and land degradation, small farmers, herders, fishermen who rely on the climate, who rely on natural resources are disproportionately affected. And when we talk about the poor, 70% are women. Now in the Pacific, as a result of cultural norms, as a result of roles and responsibilities, women have traditionally been primary gatherers and producers of food. They collect water, they source fuel. With the climate crisis, with extreme weather patterns, women are disproportionately affected. And this only goes to further exacerbate social inequalities, which means limited access to resources, limited access to knowledge. How do we adapt to the climate crisis if we don't know how to? How do we mitigate its impacts? Given that women make half the global world population and women and sorry, youth make up 1.8 billion, it is imperative that needs and perspectives of these groups are included in climate action. Because when solutions to disasters, when solutions to the climate change are formulated in response to the lived realities of these groups, they're more effective and they impact ripples throughout society. Because when we employ a holistic, agenda-sensitive approach, we are formulating solutions that are just, that are equitable, that are effective and that are sustainable. Thank you. Now I have a question to Mr. Fahy. Could you present how Sena agriculture empowers youth to engage and invest in Senegal's agricultural industry, often perceived as a declining factor? And he will speak in French, so who needs to put the translation? Hello everyone. Thank you very much for the question and for the speech. I will maybe start by congratulating all the panelists who have brought very interesting interventions. My name is Ibrahima Fahy. I am the founder and general manager of Sena agriculture. Sena agriculture is an organization that evolves in the agricultural sector under three volleys. The first volleys is a communication volleys. The second volleys is a training volleys. And the third volleys are young companies, agricultural entrepreneurs. So the idea came to us in a very simple way. In Senegal, we have 16 million inhabitants and more than 50% of the population is less than 35 years old. We have 60% of the active population that evolves in the agricultural sector. And so for us, knowing that the source of development for a country is agriculture with a great A, we thought that today to interest young people in agriculture to reconcile them with the land, we might have to introduce them to a different agriculture. Another agriculture, a precarious agriculture. Because it's a bit of an idea that young people come from agriculture, let's say in Africa. And so we wanted to work on a new face of agriculture, not only in Senegal, but also in the West African sub-region. So we started with information platforms to inform young people about modern, sustainable practices. They started to be interested in everything that was done in the agriculture sector, farming, food farming with an extraordinary enthusiasm. And for us, it was logical to simply move on to another stage, which was the training stage. Because today, if we want to help these young people to be resilient to climate change, to help them better understand the challenges, the climate change challenges and the impact that this can have in their lives, we simply have to try to inform them and train them about the practices that can help them in their lives every day. Then it's to accompany them. It's not just about helping the person, but also accompanying the person, the young person who is now in this sector, in his village, in his community, in his department and making an evangelist in his community, to help them to be able to apply what they learn at the level of our organization and to duplicate it in their community. Thank you. Another question to Mrs. Adi. What role do youth play in ensuring their countries of destination and a region are being proactive in response to the existing and anticipated effects of climate change? Could you present concrete strategies for adaptation and resilience? Now, the Asia and Pacific region has over one billion young people aged between 10 to 24, constituting more than half of the global youth population. Given this, young people have a very valid need to participate in disaster risk reduction through policy making, through advocacy, through protests even, because this is a highly effective way to help our vulnerable communities reduce their disaster risks. However, the reality is that as a marginalized group, young people in the Pacific and the rest of the world face extraordinary hurdles to get their voices heard and valued. Esteemed guests, resilient development has to fully embrace the role, the vision and the innovation of youth because we have the biggest take in a resilient future in the Pacific and in the rest of the world. So, efforts have to be made to include more youth centered approaches at combating climate change, putting youth at the center of the advocacy process, engaging young people, empowering young people in the policy making realm to enhance better understanding, better planning, better coordination at local, regional and international levels. Pacific communities have displayed greater innovation and resilience to disaster impacts and this resilience is evident in youth involvement demonstrating greater ability of Pacific Islanders to bounce back following disasters. Now, Tropical Cyclone Winston was the most intense to be recorded in the Southern Hemisphere and while the Asian Development Bank reported that close to 350,000 Fijians alone were affected, let me tell you about a village in my country, Fiji. The village, Nakonoko village encompasses coastal communities and goes up to the highlands. Its population is relatively small, some 300 people widely spread out and what set this village apart was that after the disaster, the village was able to report zero casualties. Debris from the cyclone was cleared almost immediately and it was able to bounce back within days and an integral reason why this village was called a shining example for the Red Cross in the Pacific is due to the resilience displayed by its young people who were deployed by their chief who is the head of the village as first responders from one part of the province to another carrying out relief work letting themselves run the response and being at the forefront of disaster management and this only goes to display greater youth innovation and how young people are providing reasonable solutions because we are desperate we are desperate to defend our future rights to a clean and a healthy planet and that is our youth vision of development for the Pacific one that is sustainable and one that is resilient. Thank you. Another question to Mr. Faier. How will agriculture innovation contribute to the resilience of regions significantly impacted by climate change and what role do youth play in that endeavour? In the sector, for example, of agriculture where we are technology and innovations play a very important role and we have even benefited from all of this because we started with digital communication and it allowed a lot of young people in rural or urban areas to already know what is going on and it is perhaps incredible but for example, we will say that in Senegal, for example, in our country we have twice more cell phones than inhabitants so it means that even in rural areas, people are very digitalised they use a lot of new technologies and I will take the example of a young man who was 12 years old in Italy who was a migrant who decided to go to a better place and who decided to venture towards migration after 12 years, he realized that it was not too much he was in total disillusionment and one day, he told me that he watched a video on YouTube that showed one of his family members who managed to develop agricultural expertise and who even received the media in his field and who even made partners for the export while he was holding land which he left behind and he realized that there was something that did not work and he left incredible potential behind him for a migration that was almost a failure so today, nothing for communication I think the technology tools can help us to communicate with the young people because today, if we want to reconcile the young people with the land in Africa, we will have to speak with them dialogue with them involved in all the integration process and for that, technologies are an extraordinary tool and there is also another aspect today, we see applications created in Africa to help young farmers I think of applications like Tolbi or Soretul which are West African applications for young people in East Africa and which inform the farmers, farmers, farmers about the weather conditions and in general, these applications are made on several languages and these technological tools today allow young farmers, farmers, farmers, farmers and people in these sectors to be able to know what is going to happen in advance and how they can master the impact of climate change regarding their activities this year, for example, in Senegal we had a big disappointment regarding the climate because the rain came very late and unfortunately in these countries we always practice agriculture based on the rain and so normally something that had to a rain that had to come to the month of May and June we find it in the month of August and so there are several that have not stopped there are several that have decided simply to migrate from rural areas to urban areas because they knew they were not going to have a flourishing winter so today the technological tool is a powerful tool to join the rural offer to the urban demand regarding their production, it will allow them to commercialize it will allow them to know the impact that climate change can have regarding their activities and above all communicate with these young people via tools like WhatsApp that are used in the the end of the villages, in the very remote departments and which help a lot these young people to know what is going on for their development of their exploitation and their activities. Thank you. Thank you. Now a last question to Mrs. Ali. What are your recommendations for governments and the international community to address this issue while partnering with youth? Dialogue and knowledge sharing are often constrained between those who face risks and those who control policy. It goes without saying that the climate crisis is a worldwide discussion and everybody has to be a part of it but youth, young people have to be at the center of these discussions because as the saying goes we do not inherit the earth from our ancestors we borrow it from our children. I believe that young people must be empowered to make sound decisions through representation and inclusion in all levels of building resilience to climate crisis impacts on local communities. It is our generation and those that follow that will be living with the consequences of our action and inaction. Driven by the fact that younger generations have everything to lose we demand a more equitable and a more just world. Today our very existence in the Pacific is threatened. So imagine our shocks when world leaders, some world leaders refuse to acknowledge our lived realities when our plight is reduced to conspiracy theories by climate deniers. And that is why earlier this year thousands of young activists unleashed disorder in London for 10 days where they barricaded roads and bridges using nonviolent tactics and they did this to disrupt lives. They did this to stir up attention to irritate grownups and they were successful because from the mayor to the parliamentarians to even celebrities called them a nuisance. So you see young people do truly care. They're willing to pay the price, they're willing to get arrested, they're willing to miss school on Fridays because they demand government action on climate change. And you know these kids are asking all the tough questions. Why study for a future that may not be there? Why spend all this effort becoming educated when governments don't listen to the educated, when governments don't listen to scientists? Esteemed delegates for climate action to be truly effective. Policy makers and leaders need to improve their understanding of how climate action can support social equity and enable youth, particularly women and girls, to increase their resilience and become positive agents of transformation. The power of collective action only occurs through thoughtful engagement, patience, understanding and listening to the needs and wants of the affected communities. This ultimately is the youth perspective to achieving climate justice and equality. I leave you with the words of Rita Thunberg that she delivered in a very fiery speech earlier this year. I don't want you to feel hopeful. I don't want you to feel hopeful. I want you to panic. I want you to feel the fear that I feel every day. And then I want you to act. Thank you. Last question to Mr. Faier. How would you suggest other communities and industries cater to local youth, including young migrants? What are the steps to migration to Europe or to Western countries? Why? Because there are words today that I think the government needs to grasp and our governments need to take very, very, very radical measures in relation to that. I think, for example, to commercialization of local products. Today, young people are producing at the level of agriculture or in other sectors. They cannot face, for example, imported products. And there is a disloyal competition. So, in addition to that, young people must confront certain realities of the impact of climate change in their activities. I think it becomes very, very, very complicated. Today, in Africa, particularly in West Africa and Senegal, we need this youth. We need these young people to develop a sector that can only develop when young people are interested. And today, whether they are the partners of our governments, our governments must set up ecosystems, listen to young people, set up favorable ecosystems so that these last ones can really evolve in very, very, very complicated sectors and which already, I think, do not favor them too much in relation to all that is happening at the level of the climate. So, what we suggest, perhaps, is to inform the populations whether they are rural or urban. Also inform the young people who are perhaps at the level of diaspora because when there is a young person who comes back to Senegal and creates a rural project, young people are employed. They create opportunities, they create employment. But we can only do that when we can communicate with the young migrants who are abroad, to let them know the potential that Africa is bringing back, that Senegal is bringing back so that they can invest, set up an ecosystem, set up a proper environment for the development of these young people's activities who, I think, want to come back or want to invest in these sectors, but unfortunately, there is no proper framework for that. So I think it is already to set up a framework, to accompany them, to train them, to listen to them, to integrate them in all the processes that we have put in place so that they can fight against unemployment, against immigration and against climate change impacts in Africa. Thank you. And now I have a last question to Nina Birkeland. Human mobility, DRR and CCA actors are increasingly collaborating with young people to reduce vulnerability and enhance resilience to disaster displacement. As promoted in the Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction 2015-2030 and the Paris Agreement, resilience means strengthening the capacities of everyone, and preparing for, adapt, cope with and recover from hazards. How can we work with and for young people on disaster displacement issues? Thank you for two very good discussions, interventions and coming at the only not young person on the panel. What I very much wanted to do in this short intervention is to focus around issues on disaster displacement. I guess most in the room people have to flee because it's natural hazards that affects the climate change that force them away. We don't have exact numbers on this but what has been documented is that every year the number of people fleeing from natural hazards affects the climate change is two, three, four times as many as people fleeing from conflict. So it's a big issue and it hits most countries in the world. I also think it's important to underline that when we then look at this panel, very high up there, small island states year after year are the ones that have the biggest proportion of population affected. If we look to continents, Africa and I also think if we look on data if we look to Africa globally I think the world youth population because it's not one definition of youth but the most used one between 14 and 25 and the climate change hotspots it's not 14, 15, 16 percent it's 30, 40 percent and more. We heard about Asia, a billion youth and we also know that Asia is the region most at risk and also affected by disaster displacement. So when we as the Norwegian refugee council work in support of the platform on disaster displacement on this we need to also include a perspective on youth development. So what we are learning is very much it's not just about the kind of classical way you need to consult but how do you really work with and for and not just have kind of a symbolic consultation. One thing I wanted to bring to this discussion is that acknowledging that many of us with power and control of resources in this industry are not youth any longer I think the biggest challenge is actually to give away some of this right. We're good at participation we're good about solidarity but when it comes to actually the hard power I think it still sits a bit too much with us with the grey hair or in the older part. But if you go back a few years to 2015 there was something called the World Humanitarian Summit where both states civil society, academia and etc came together to try to see how can we work with this and situations like forced displacement, forced migration where you need support both from humanitarian but also development actors. And what became very evident there is that youth is one of the groups that is often mentioned but not really acted upon. I'll be a bit provocative but in almost all statistics that exist and almost all policies that's developed is our children and youth. And the same you can look at the gender unfortunately most gender activities, policies, focus is still on women and not on all genders. So again how do we make sure that we actually get that knowledge so we can talk meaningfully about what are the issues and where are people how is it hitting them. But at this World Humanitarian Summit it was agreed that we as humanitarian actors need to come up with some guidance and we need to do that. So we have a lot of people who are not just consult but actually also give away power and something called the compact for young people in humanitarian action was put together. This document is almost done now and it's being out for the last few consultations. And the five principles that have put forward there that we need to do whether we are states, donors, other partners, political participation, we heard about examples already. Giving away power and part of this I think if you look to political systems anytime there's a young person being elected to parliament or a more powerful position is a big thing. This is the youngest person and that person is usually not that young. So how do we actually give away real power to not just 25 up but also the 25 up? This is not just about youth, it's about diversity in general. How are we able in all our work make sure that when we talk about diversity it's not just about needs and vulnerability. It's as much about the capacities and the resources and how do we put this interaction. When we have done work on disaster displacement, one of the strategies we have used is to try to work with a group of young people and we have one alliance that we have seen across so many of these policy processes whether it's the global compact of migration, it's the climate change, it's the Sendai follow up etc. It's a group that our facilitator is part of the UN major group on children and youth and I think that's one of the few groups that globally actually have good youth representation. I think that's one of the things that we need to work on. I think that's one of the things that we need to work on is how do we get access to how do we get funding etc. Bringing this back to the climate change, I think there's no one today who won't say that youth is not just having a voice but really pushing us. How do we not just be pushed how do we take that push to open the floor and ask you to restrict your questions to three minutes if possible or comments. I don't see any distance sorry, Togo. Thank you. I'd like to open the floor to Togo please. Thank you very much for the interview. My question is addressed to Mr. Faye and this question which you said is not related to the season's allies. For example, you said Senegal was expected in May but it's in August that the prices have reached. What makes the banks particularly privileged is that there is a need to finance the projects. In these conditions, how do we overcome this difficulty? Mr. Faye, with your example, we know that for the migrants who are under who have made a fortune and who want to come back to the country to invest, there is not too much difficulty but for young people who have come out fresh from school and who want to start in this field and who are confronted for the question is very relevant. For example, we in Senegal have encountered a lot of difficulties for financing. In general, it's not too much for the migrants who come and who come back with economies and there are some who benefit from some government programs or foreign funds for investment. But recently, what is interesting is innovation. There is even innovation that has been brought to the sector of financing with concepts including one in Senegal, for example, which I can quote, which is called the Baise d'eau. In Wolof, which is the national language to translate it in French would be to cultivate and share the benefit. That is to say that today there is participative financing and we have professionals in different sectors whether it is the sector of finance or legal and who have the will to invest in for example, agricultural exploration who will support young people freshly out with funding, participative funding and then share the benefits as far as the harvest and the recipes. So these are the methods recently used in Senegal and we are promoting more and more of this kind of concept which does not work too often. We will say because it is difficult to master for a young person who comes out as well the agricultural practice that the climate is resilient as soon as it comes out of the training but we will say that there are some for whom it works in relation to the wealth and opportunities that are in the sector and who are funded by volunteer people who function as shareholders in their projects as such. I hope that I answered the question. Thank you. Now I would like to give the floor to Costa Rica please. Thank you. We have had the opportunity and it is a practice that I would like to share to have an exchange with Peru. In Peru a young student left an indigenous town he became an engineer returned to his town and had some problems with the water issue and well after many attempts they decided, they decided to understand how they collected the water the people under the ancestral knowledge of the indigenous people so they solved the issue but not only that so what in the north of Costa Rica in the pacific north we have problems with drought so they made an exchange to bring this practice linked to ancestral youth, technology with ancestral knowledge and also we generate a South-South exchange I think it is also the European Union but it has been a good practice we are implementing it and the expectation is that it extends not only in the north but in other areas in Central America also affected by drought. Thank you for sharing this good practice really interesting and the floor to Zimbabwe please. Yes, good afternoon and thank you very much for the presentation just to share with you some of the experiences that we have had in Zimbabwe we have of late experienced tremendous climate change difficulties we had Cyclone Aline in 2000 and this year in March we had Cyclone Idai with rainfall over 400 mm in 24 hours and strong winds of about 180 to 200 km per hour we to date the count of loss of lives stands at 347 lives that and 344 lives which are again unaccounted for we on top of that we have also experienced which is causing havoc on our agricultural based economy you'll find that we have embarked on a revolutionary land reform program which has empowered thousands of families in our country however the onset of this drought is causing immense pressure in terms of difficulties for our people therefore our government has embarked on what policy trying to put in place irrigation systems and promote the use of irrigation and agriculture of course we are facing challenges and funding again we are exploring hybrid varieties and crops drought resistant crops which can withstand drought phenomena and are promoting these in our primary and secondary schools so that the youth we also have drought resistant cattle which we have developed in our country we have the Tule breed of cattle we have the Moshona breed of cattle very drought resistant and following these climate change in Jewish shocks we are now looking at building better and resilient infrastructure and obviously the youth are going to be center stage in terms of giving us better ideas on how we can do that also in our curriculum which is new which we are implementing agriculture is playing a crucial role from a very tender age so that people grow up understanding the importance of agriculture thank you thank you very much I would like now to open the floor to Gambia please thank you very much since this is the first time I would like to thank the IOM for the dialogue it's indeed very timely and very important we would also like to thank all the speakers and the panelists we are very much delighted to see the young people are involved in this program particularly being panelists and speaking out how they are feeling and how they want to be treated as young people and in particular the involvement of the representation of the youth the female youth serving as panelists is indeed a very positive move this session on enabling youth to overcome environmental challenges is very important as we are facing so many environmental challenges but one thing that I would like to ask is that in terms of agriculture sometimes in our countries we find it very difficult to attract young people to agriculture and they like so from the panelists I would like them to advise us as governments as to what are the kind of policies and strategies would they want us to adopt so that agriculture can be seen as something attractive for them and the session yesterday on migrant voices was really good but somebody asked what was missing in my view what was missing in addition to what has been said yesterday is the voices of the migrant the youth the returnees in West Africa if you look at the West Africa the countries are facing they are one of the countries that are facing the brunt of irregular migration with their youth so many things have been said to some of the countries that are facing the problem so probably hearing from them their representation in the dialogue is not very delightful so probably that could have been something that we could have done because in some of our countries the migrants the youth migrants that have returned they are doing very well and they have come up with initiatives to ensure that they discourage their colleagues youths not to embark on irregular migration they are sharing their experiences the difficult experiences that they have enjoyed as a result of irregular migration in the Gambia we are very hopeful that at the end of the tunnel there will be light on the countries in West Africa that also is in the statistics of countries that are facing the difficulties or the challenges of irregular migration but we are hopeful in a sense that the government has adopted policies and strategies with partners and then also in addition the EU funded youth empowerment project and also some of the IOM interventions and other partners that are active however as government we need to and partners there is a need for us to work more in integrating the returnies through sustainable and self employment programs for example agriculture and sports some of them are into sports yesterday we had the positive things that have been said about some of the countries youths that are in football I think those areas in music and then also with a view to export their talents as young people those are the areas that we think is important as a youth activist during my time I know that young people they are very very much in hurry to see or to be seen as responsible citizens so therefore as governments or as partners we need to be at their pace we need to make sure that we can reach up with them in terms of things that they want to do also we need to as governments to focus on the other issues like the pool factors that are happening in the urban because we yesterday and some of the speakers did highlighted the issues of rural urban migration so I think it's very important for us to also look at those things and provide at least in the rural areas market linkages for the services or the products of the young people and then even access to basic national documentations in some of our countries it's difficult to make it accessible so everybody have to travel to the urban cities and so on it affects the young people it is proven that young people definitely in their own rights they are imagined leaders and we have to keep them engaged, involve them and also listen to them and especially in our efforts to achieve Agenda 2030 and also the African the Africa we want Agenda 2063 thank you very much Thank you for the question Mr. Brainu is going to answer the question Thank you very much to our concert of the Gambit I think I'm going to start with a few suggestions that you have asked the panelists about the interest that young people could have for agriculture and how to show them the opportunities in this sector I'm going to take my example because I was also a migrant for 12 years I was in Canada I was in Canada I was in Canada I was in Canada I was in Canada and why did I decide to come back to Senegal to invest in this sector is because I saw a totally different agriculture that I had shown in my country a precarious agriculture with very archaic methods I discovered in Canada where I worked for the second largest farm in Quebec a fairly modern agriculture where young people could fully emancipate with enormous potential and opportunities in terms of training in terms of knowledge and even opportunities I think that in order to interest young people you just have to find them in one of the channels that they use now that is digital digital but also to show them a modern agriculture that offers several vocations that is to say today we are happy to show to young people that agriculture is limited to production young people entrepreneurs in our countries are producers conditioners transformers traders so there is no structure and today what we have managed to do is to regroup cameramen specialists in agriculture to regroup agronomers to regroup field engineers to regroup merchants researchers in the same platform and they are all in the same sector and interact for the development of this sector and I think if we managed to create vocations throughout the value chain young people could say maybe I don't care about production transformation maybe I don't care about transformation but I would like to do the stocking condition at the level of the agricultural value chain so it is really to interest young people because they are very determined in the case of Echean to find another solution in Senegal we often hear a concept called Barsar that means in French Barcelona or death so for them they have two options and it is really a shame it is sad because today we have thousands or millions of hectares of land in Africa in Senegal and it is quite young to exploit these lands we will not be able to develop our primary, secondary sectors as long as there will not be young people but also it is important to know that well-made agriculture modern mechanized as long as there will be young people does not create as much employment as the agricultural sector the industrial and secondary sector which I think is more of employment now to come back to your last words about immigrants I think they represent a very important factor for the development of these sectors we think that young people do not care about agriculture but I do not share with you at the level of a messenger hundreds and hundreds of messages of young people who are in London in Italy, in Turkey in Spain, in France and who want to invest but they do not know who to address who could accompany them for financial reasons or who could simply help them to put in place something that could eventually create employment without talking about urban exodus young people who are in urban areas who create things in rural areas and who create employment I think we need to use all these values all these resources to create value in these sectors Thank you I would like now to open the floor to ICMC please Thank you very much to our distinguished panelists and for all the work that you are doing I have a question for Mr. Fayet and forgive you may have already mentioned this in your presentation I will not forgive any repetition but what you are offering is innovative and can represent a big change and certainly in the way things have been done do you encounter any resistance from the community or community leaders easily convinced by what you are doing how do you get broad buy-in from the community on this and do you include that in the support that you give to youth maybe you coach the youth in that so that is the first kind of question the second one is you talked about your experience in Canada do you solicit input from the diaspora actually that question could be for both Madame Ali and Mr. Fayet Thank you very much Thank you very much Thank you very much for this question I think that we at the level of our own project we have used a lot what we call the Confriri leaders you know in Senegal there is a certain reality it is a country that is 95% muslim and that gathers a lot of Confriri so we at the beginning to really impact the different villages towards the religious leaders we went towards the people who have a certain power of influence compared to these young people so we have used them a lot they even gave us land which means that we have 5 hectares in the region of Chess 50 hectares in the region of Durbel that we have moved by our own means to incubate these young people compared to modern practices performance and durable so we have had no funding from migrants or whatever we have made our own funding and we really went after of course we had partners we have developed this with partners local and international but we really went to see the opinion leaders the influencers the religious side who helped us to realize the young people that maybe the option they would like to choose would be to go to the rural zone with our program with us that we proposed there would be opportunities for them so they were much more receptive now we have also used migrants from Canada I have used maybe a little bit my Canadian network or at the level of Europe people who have come who manage activities and who walk so we wanted them to talk to these young people who tell them the experiences of migration but also during their return how it happened so that these young people can identify with these people that's it thank you and to finalize I will open the floor to Mali and I ask you to be brief because you are running out of time thank you thank you I would like to congratulate the panel I would also like to say that in relation to the challenges humanity is facing today the challenges of climate change are the priorities and priorities it is also an existential question of humanity I come from the same region I come from Mali which is a country in which the economy is based at 80% on the primary sector we know today that the climate change if we take care to have drastic consequences for our countries with the rarity of rain all things that are the rural exodus all things that can also amplify the migration of climate change but none of the panelists have mentioned the Paris Agreement the Paris Agreement I think it was the occasion for all the leaders of the world countries powerful emerging countries developing countries to convince a project to counter the effects of climate change what could be the role and the place of youth in the Paris Agreement in Africa the heads of state and government have always adopted in the fight against climate change the great green mirage which allows us today to counter the desertification as I said we are agro-pastoral countries we know that we are victims of this climate change we are victims of the power which today emits a lot of greenhouse gas which has drastic consequences for our countries including humanity what could be the role and the place of youth in the Paris Agreement I need to close the panel now and I'm sorry I'd like to thank you everyone for coming for this panel and thank these amazing panelists for the presentations thank you