 insects and mammals undergo all-factory experience in early life which can alter their all-factory behavior and function in later life. In the vinegar fly drosophila, flies chronically exposed to a high concentration of a monomolecular odor exhibited reduced behavioral aversion to the familiar odor when it was re-encountered. This change in all-factory behavior has been attributed to selective decreases in the sensitivity of second-order all-factory neurons, PNS, in the antennal lobe that respond to the over-represented odor. Since odorant compounds do not occur at similarly high concentrations in natural sources, the role of odor-experienced dependent plasticity in natural environments is unclear. To investigate this, researchers examined all-factory plasticity in the antennal lobe of flies chronically exposed to odors at concentrations that are typically encountered in natural odor sources. They chose these stimuli to each strongly and selectively excite a single class of primary all-factory receptor neurons, ORNs, thus facilitating a rigorous assessment of the selectivity of all-factory plasticity for PNS directly excited by over. This article was authored by Janetta V. Gedgel, Elizabeth G. Maure and Elizabeth J. Hong. We are article.tv, links in the description below.