 Further, talking about privacy and confidentiality, we need to see the importance of disclosure behavior. The disclosures are very important because psychologists may disclose confidential information with appropriate consent of an organizational client, the individual client, patient or any other legally authorized person on behalf of the client, patient, unless pro-hepted by the law. So, until and unless the law prohibits them, they could disclose centered information. This is very much important to look especially in current scenario where we see that psychopathological behaviors are getting increased in number day by day. We see a lot of therapeutic centers where multiple people come for counseling and guidance. And some of them decide that there are a lot of specific traits in them, maybe they can cause potential violence to other people, they can probably cause harm to other people and they can abuse people because psychological traits are evident in them, from their verbatim, their actions, their verbal and non-verbal behaviors. In this situation, when these things are being highlighted, it is very important for those centers to disclose these things to the family, to relevant people, to law enforcement agencies so that they can properly rehabilitate those people. Each individual comes to a therapy session and repeatedly says that they have these thoughts that they have set a fire to a building. It is very important to repeatedly say that they have these thoughts that they have set a fire to a building. Or they say that they have suicidal thoughts, or they are thinking that they steal something from their house and sell it. If there are any such thoughts, then at that stage, disclosures are very important. Because if you do not disclosure at that stage, then maybe that individual can harm someone, can murder someone, can cause harm to some place, can become a threat to the state. So in such situations, disclosures become very important. So you know, you see, the students of psychology need to understand that this is such a sensitive profession. And in this, properly gaining knowledge, understanding the laws, applying the API code of conduct and understanding all the nitty-gritties is very important. Now, psychologists disclose confidential information without the consent of individuals only, as mandated by the law, we are permitted by the law for a valid purpose. That is, where there is a valid purpose, you can disclose it without telling that individual. Provided needed professional services and obtain appropriate professional consults. Where it has been confirmed that there can be any kind of danger because of it. And after consultation, you decided that yes, it is being diagnosed that he can do this kind of act or his impulse control is very severe and we need to manage it so that we can help the external. So it is very important to disclose it there. Protect the client and patient psychologist or others from harm and in any kind of harm it can be psychological, it can be financial, it can be economical, it can be physical. If it is in his mind that I will damage someone's social repute even then, this is a situation which is causing harm. Obtain payments for services from a client and patient in which instance disclosure is limited to the minimum that is necessary to achieve the purpose. Now if you are working with someone on payment, his therapy, his treatment, his assessment is done and there is some kind of a trade. So as much information is necessary, you have to reveal as much as you want. It is not that you will public all his background. Right? It is not that you will tell that how many times he has done things like this before and what is his history and past. But the current scenario, his disclosure will be relevant or important. Then another important thing is consultation. When consulting with colleagues, confidential information can't be disclosed that reasonably could lead to the identification of the client with whom they have a confidential relationship unless they have the consent of that person. For example, when we play a game called Kasati, we ask different questions and an individual reaches to that specific personality while assessing it. Similarly, if I am telling from my side that I am giving confidential information but I am not even mentioning the name. But I am saying that such working women who are professionally very recognized and reputed, they work in an engineering university and they are the only women who have become professors. So you would be able to identify the first women engineer professor in Pakistan. For that, I don't need to tell the name. Similarly, if I am talking about another profession where there is a prominent individual or who has prominent features, if I am talking about anyone without taking their name, anyone could judge which family I am talking about or which noble person. So in such a situation, to reveal people's identity, we should avoid such probes or comments so that the general public can reach that individual. Only information necessary to achieve the purpose of consultation can be disclosed as I just mentioned. Also, confidential details for didactic or other purposes. Psychologists cannot disclose in their writing and lectures confidential, personally identifiable information. You cannot easily identify that information in your writing and you cannot bring it into any discussion and you cannot bring it into any case report. As I just mentioned that you are writing this way but the particulars are so prominent that anyone could assess who you are talking about. Then they take reasonable steps to disguise person or the organization. It is very important to take care of the sanity of the organization and take care of a particular individual's sanity. Person or organization has consented in writing until and unless that particular person or that particular organization has consented that you can write our name. And in very rare cases it happens. Generally people are not open in giving permission to any such academic or any such professional activities. Then they have legal authorization. If someone is defamed like this after telling them that this individual is taking treatment for this thing and these are the issues then they have the legal right to sue that psychologist. So this point should also be taken into consideration that we should not get involved in any such act after which we have to see its legal consequences. So to breach confidential information, to protect confidentiality, to understand its limits and to see its levels and limits in generalizability is very much important aspects in human relationships.