 Okay, thanks a lot for this year, the master's program and the doctoral program. Thanks to Isabella for accepting our invitation. I want to just introduce briefly Isabella. She's a full professor in psychology and psychology communication in the department of the Philadelphia Convinctionist and Papalo in the University of Alabama. She's an internationally renowned scholar in the field of non-bottle communication of the world. She's long ago been interested in the field of the university of psychology and social emotions. She started her career some years ago, in 1974 as a linguist and then a professor of age. She became interested in the gesture studies and she started working with many psychologists and especially with the family in the CNR in Rome. She's a very prolific scholar. She has analyzed many issues related to non-bottle communication. She's published two, six books in the department where there's five annual quotes from more than 150 articles from this issues, combining the cognitive aspects of non-bottle communication and social relations, the work of the world of communication. And she's lately been very interested also participating in a European research project involving pages and how to incorporate both these research into the modernization development. And more recently she has applied the work of non-bottle communication to the analysis of point-to-point efficient talk. So that's part of what she's going to talk about today and thanks for making it out here. Thank you. Thank you for the presentation. I'm sorry for not talking, you know, a lot more specklish. I always feel quite ashamed when I'm playing with an audience which is a Romance language that I can't talk about back to the beginning. So I think it's in the future and I think it's in the future of making the running and making the... Sorry, that's all. That's from the linguistic intelligence. That's all. I'm talking about connection between linguistics and multiple communication because I was a linguist many years ago but it was very difficult to have linguists be interested and think that body communication is important. So it's not easy to be a linguist and deal with these things. This is why many... something that Italian would say, Moscheglian, which is a strange beast, are linguists that care for the ingestors like this kind of role, like Gila and so on. So it's just to give some courage to work in these interesting deals even if they are not very well acknowledged and they will laugh at me on an academic field. In fact, I was obliged to transform myself to put on a different class, a class of psychologists because I couldn't be accepted by linguists. So I had to take another... something with this role. So I say that in western communication, many years after some centuries, let's say 2,000 years, he is caring about language, written for... written in that world language and started to study lexical and to make up lexicals of all the languages in the world and lot of problems are there. But communication is not only words. It's a lot of things in the body that make things. And so our body is composed by many parts. We have a face which also has a part with eyes which includes eyebrows, eyes against eyes, eye sockets and all of them may have a communication function. For instance, these parts make up the communication system of games. We also think of communication system of games as soon as we find that we have at least two different signals made by global citizens creating their laws to show that something is faulty might be a signal and so it might be a part of a system of communication. In any case, you have the laws in which makes for morphine use and for quasi-use and so we make words for the explanation and we also make various smiles, love and so on. And we have hands which make gestures and with all our body we make movements, posture and proximity special plays and so on. And also we have a non-president system because it works not only in one body but in another one. We have touch because we can touch people with communicative words with various parts of our body. For instance, in a kick I use a leg, a foot. In a caress I use a hand in a kiss I use my mouth and so on. I accept that we have as many communication systems as are the organs of our body and not only the organs but the whole body distinguish different kinds of communication systems. The one that I would hear which is codified communication systems. Codified means that there is a two-side representation in our body and our mind that tells us that this is a signal and this is its meaning. And so I have a set of signal-meaning pairs that are rules of correspondence that are steadily represented in my memory and that in other people's memory. And so in this case I can talk of a lexicon which is a codified, memorised set of pairs of signal and means. But in other cases you have a creative communication system. For instance, when you make a point of mind or when you are confronting another person who is not of the same of your language and so you have to communicate with them or her you make gestures. But you gestures cannot be a gesture that you do know that he can understand because you don't know if he can understand this gesture either. So you make creative gestures. You make necessary algorithmic gestures that give the idea of your meaning and so you make them from hunt for mind. So hunt for mind is a creative system of communication. So if we wanted to make an agenda for automatic studies we should discover the creative rules of creative communication systems for instance understand the difference rules that start from a signal and understand its meaning. If I say that how a person has a beautiful terrorist you can understand that it is a triangle and so you just understand from the similarity from what I would gesture and what I mean. In cases when I have a codified system I have to find out the correspondence between signals and means in those codified systems which are to approach body language which are approached and accepted by psychologists. For instance this is what you reason why I am not a psychologist but they do not have a linguistic approach. For instance in a linguistic approach you should not only find out the lexicon of codified systems that is the correspondence between what means what but also how this word is made which is what is the phonology which is the alphabet of these signals and so some people try to find out in these lexicon the phonologies of body systems. The first one who tried to do this job was a scholar who was William Stokke in 1960 studying the sign languages of the death and he studied the American Sign Language and he found out and he tried and he managed to demonstrate that the sign languages of the death do have the but of the terror because they are hearings they are not for use so in the same way we might say that there is a phonology not only in the signs used by death but also in the gestures that we do use and so we can make a new theology of the gesture of hearing people of the death sign language so one minute a phonology of ears a phonology of touch a phonology of energy a phonology of stomachology a phonology of mouth just two words to find them for the other we have to think about and so how can we make a phonology of gestures for instance of Italian symbolic gestures like used by the talks my proposal is to find out the parameters the parameters are quite zero classification and each of them has a small number of functions for instance if I make a gesture like this which is a typical gesture it means what do you mean I don't agree with what you are saying it is a real question but also a rhetorical question which means I don't agree with anything this is made with a hand shape with this hand shape but in total it is also made in a location which is the place in the space where I make the gesture because in Italian I also have gestures and I am mad to say please give me something that can come and shape it but in different locations that one can use and the values of a gesture of communication system so for instance I picked up the values of science and tried to apply them to the gestures of Italian gestures here the gestures and other people also made the same thing for example about a person gestured or stereotyped in general and have to be about French gestures and so on in Italian gestures I found out 40 hand shapes because we have a lot of hand shapes and we need just a very natural and completely location sense important which is very complex and very articulated because we must say what is the direction the path and the manner and what part of the hand is moving and if which is the tension and tempo many things that are typical of any movement can be applied to the parameter of gesture or movement gesture also have some sub parameters of the parameter of movement have been called the expressivity parameter that are how is a gesture to do it with the tempo sense and then flu or either a jerk with very sudden changes in direction and then it may might be powerful very strong gesture or very low gesture and it may also be revealed many times or not so for instance if you see just see this Italian politician and just compare with another politician Italian politician invited you see the difference in any between strength and power and tension of the second from person so these are parameters that can be provide many rules not only the movement but the parameters so they are in direction and between the muscle tension and power velocity movement I also try to find out the octology which is the phonology of gaze so for instance if we take into account let's say the movements of the octology this is an important part in the phonology of gaze because if you have in the same I don't know that but you have and I was hoping that I am concentrating or I am working or I am learning this is that surprise or complexity as soon as I found different values in the same parameter that distinguish one signal from another because they provide them with different meanings then I can decide that this is a 13th part of the gaze for a minute, 13th part then I have to position the tension and movement of the eyelids and then eyes really because from eyes ability for instance when one has bright eyes it means that he is very joyful or enthusiastic or if he has more bright eyes he is almost crying so instead he is moved when one has large eyes it means that he is furious the phonology of these lexicons I try also to find the lexical which is the correspondence between signals and meanings in that communication system so I try to make gestures and gestures and there might be hedonaries and alphabets and fashion methods that we can use for making up the body lexical for instance the first one is the speaker's judgment as I do, when I do semantic research on a language not of the body of a vocal language I can wonder if that item is acceptable in that concept and what does it mean what are the synonyms of that word what are the if that word is ambiguous and so on these are called chunkies chunkies speaker judgments that I have in mind also for occasions I can't tell if a gaze means this or that other thing if that kind of gaze is ambiguous and it has more than one meaning and so on I source it by seeing and it is mentioned that that person in the novel he made a vague gesture what does it mean a vague gesture and so I can find what just might be there and not semantics which means how to see how that communication system is mentioned in this language for instance in Italian we may have we may have many many ways to to mention the gaze occhiata, suardo in English we can have gaze stare in sheep's eyes making sheep's eyes when one is following you out or we can have looking down on someone it's a way of showing poaching or showing content to the other and so on so if we find the names with which it is named they are named the communicative dots in their communicative systems this is a good way to understand much of these communicative systems then we have certainly asking people how do they use that gesture or if that gaze means something or experimental ways, observation and that is our signature method and then using the simulation of a particular communication system over an important organization for instance an artificial region which is an inner phase to see whether what does it mean in that particular gaze I will show you just two examples and one example about gaze for instance in the deductive method we can start deductively by hypothesizing that some of the meanings using some classical these meanings and looking for items that in that communication system fill out in those slots for instance I think that for all the things that we in any communication system we can find three types of information that we provide to our people information on the work information on the center's mind, what we are thinking and feeling about that which we are talking about moment and information on the center's identity so for instance information on the work conveys concerns objects, person, hands space and time relationships and provided for instance in the languages by words and systems and symbols but also by iconic gesture or by iconic gesture I am telling you that I am going to refer to that person there or to that thing around me in the department by identity information I mean that if you see my face and if you hear my voice you can understand also that I am not a child of two years and you understand that I am a woman not a man and so on so there are some information my face by my voice and my voice information about the beliefs, the goals and the emotions that I am feeling about the things I am talking about now for instance we find this gesture which is boom up overhand it means that what I am talking about is something also that everybody can see everybody can know about the degree of certainty about the thing I am talking about means that I am trying to remember something I am trying to retrieve this from my non-term memory so this gesture means that I am giving you information about from and take the information I am providing you this is just to give some to go to because in there is a gaze type that you form about beliefs for instance this is a a gaze of complexity you see this great eyebrows even from surprise you have also wide open eyebrows instead here you here is that you have a form which means I am concentrating on this and when I look up to make inferences to plan something to find new information in my and I am not very intelligent it lasts too long it takes too much to make inferences this is a typical gaze that some students make while we question how to use their gaze which is defined by moving him in his eyes instead immediately after you can have his organization which was very, very but now he is accused in a trap so the first prize to show is very self-confident then he has a moment of dismay because he is being chased by the closer inter and then there are emotions that are conveyed by the gaze try to make an empirical study by using the facial face which is the face of credit card and embodying the position of the gaze made by somebody and this was this face line whether I make a question you can set all points of face in whatever position you want so we could close our eyes a bit we could make raised eyes but also flowing eyes and so on so we could create a face that we wanted and put questions to some subjects and ask them what does that particular face mean or particular kind of face mean so we have a type of this is that in a given parameter of gaze that the values in some parameter of gaze not only have a for me but even a more feeling they are more feeling, not only for me in that they are not devoid of meaning completely and so we set things possible to find differences between kinds of gaze types of gaze did the following the same eye position eye direction and eye balance so we have the same face of claim that and we only varied upper eyelids we only saw eyelids whether wide open you see that these are the same raised eyes but the position of the upper eyelid so in this case we have a surprised radar in this case we have a perplexed radar and in this case we have a contentious radar we now have hypothesis we made hypothesis that the meaning of these three different items of gaze which are these we made a questionnaire with 15 items of gaze with the structures they were multiple choice but they also have the choice other they might say that the meaning of that particular gaze was different from the one looked by us so we were proposing the two one the one that was our hypothesis and then some of these structures and then we also left I know in morning 90% of people found out that that meant really water and so on and then in summer I gave you fear and so on so more or less more in the example I hate to where most correction then less than three in common the perplexed were not so yesterday and around one half I think these structures that were identical or incompatible were never chosen for instance when our hypothesis was that the gaze meant cold and indifferent care was never in the dark meaning and the chosen structures of the open answers so in these cases also sometimes on the signal software what does it mean? let's see this the target which is the meaning that we hypothesized was self-confident chosen 32% perplexed 25% but the other structures that were chosen were open answers or ended superiors so if we see the meanings of all these things we can find that in all of them there are some components of meaning some semantic features that are positive sense and negative attitude to all the other and negative attitude of the other and the social distance you see that in fact also in the gaze that meant these things the signals that were in common with the signal perplexed there was some correspondence both on the side of the meanings and not some they does in a sense conclude that their genes are not only four meanings but they are in some sense some morphines because in them there is not something common only in the meaning but also in the signal not only in the signal but also on the meaning in fact this was found also about gestures because gestures also are not only the Koreans are not only playing the phonologic they are not just because if you take a hand shape like extended in the finger it always gives in all the signals in all the gestures that have this this hand shape they all share a common semantic element of uniqueness there is always something common which is that they need something unique but also in some cases a value in another brand which is a brand of new brand can be the same can be a value which is not only phononic but even morphinic because progressive movement from left to right it means that you are going from less to more from minus to plus and so on and also this is also in a gesture of common semantic elements also the end is for phonelia for something meant someone who is met you always have the head as a location which means that the location of head has the value of something connected with the mind brain person so conductor you can see that if I ask you what does it mean it is because it is the very same gesture that we make and I don't know if the catalogue ones do also for silent so in this case a conductor uses a gesture which is used also by lately so it is the same symbolic gesture used by other people but in some cases you cannot use this gesture now tell me if this is piano also give this and now this and this so you can develop which is piano and which is ball but from what can you guess it from this case from the head shape because the head shape of the fist is a head shape that by itself conveys strength so this by itself conveys strength and this in fact let's see this other so doing like this means piano so the movement which is not so subtle so the ground of fluidity of movement tells us that it is piano so this is to come back to what we found about games for instance we found the case that the so called forings of games, your teams are nothing but forings by more themes and also in these cases we find out that even in the subtle amount of movement of gestures we have sometimes only the lucid attention in sometimes only the shape of the gesture sometimes only in the location which is low instead of high which tense you the meaning so gestures are more feeling also or as gestures are used to convey meaning I guess so in the development of the field of linguistics over time it seems that linguistics has sort of taken a path in parallel to and sort of differentiated from the field of semiotics as a whole right at least certain sectors of linguistics and I guess here the question of if one wants to defend that there's kind of a client across different kinds of semiotic systems that there isn't a sharp distinction which of course is a matter of huge debate there are nonetheless things that are very different about human language systems that are not shared by other sorts of semiotic systems even if you look at something as similar it would seem to human language as emoji and so I guess I'm wondering a bit how you see your program in the context of this larger issue for instance you know you talk about the phonology of these gestures and of course there are phonology and there is phonology in the gesture of sign language systems but then would you talk about brush stroke in painting as phonology you know so I would sort of appreciate a more general kind of program statement with respect to how you see this work in relation to what people have sort of claimed makes human language language as opposed to the vast variety of other communicative systems which clearly do have structure and do have are obviously used to convey them well in fact what I am interested in is not to distinguish disciplines but if you want to pick up what disciplines give me in order to study humans this is in a sense the approach of cognitive science cognitive science is by definition a non-disciplinary science because it does not stick to one discipline as well so I I don't care what I am saying is that for instance brush whether while brushing to provide that perceivable effect and so so it might be why not in fact there might be a phonology of brushing what I mean in fact they are what he had to skip because of time pressure is all another part for instance political communication because I am also interested in seeing how these things apply in real life and so I am trying I think that two things may go from one to the other I have sometimes a pocomac approach in that I like to see how is the system done so this is why I try to see what the special meaning of that very very particular item of language but at the same time I am also interested in seeing how it is used for instance in persuasion for instance what the second part of Syria was about trying to demonstrate that if I can the features semantic features of some language in the meaning of some signals complete of Muslim language for example so I can recently I am working on on the what are the of many of me for instance when you are a teacher that are very clear in this talking and that you use and congested mean that I mean if I found the teacher is clarity that teacher is quite charismatic because he is clear if I see that he makes some gestures that convey the clarity that are for instance when you saw that person was doing very wild gestures like this also the corner facing party so it is quite a positive person and so because he has very one interest because he has strength, violence, aggressiveness he is very just suppressive or more political leaders for instance and say that so he only has much in person that way in fact because the fact that people use the play where they are unfortunately very extremely if we say that there may be a say or the same as Muslim so if I have to distinguish the charisma of that of Muslims this is the meaning of what is the charismatic of one kind and of another kind in Fala Sanjisco we have to continue ok, thank you very much