 Dear students, in this module, we are going to talk about the situation of human migration in Pakistan by reflecting certain statistics, certain facts and figures. Internal migration is roughly four times larger than the immigrant population in Pakistan. A 13% of Pakistani population is considered internally displaced people or internal migrants. Internal migration is undertaken by the low-skilled workers who move to the urban areas in search of job or their livelihood. There are certain determinants of internal migration, for example rural-urban wage difference or the differences of amenities of life, economic opportunities, like the 35% of internal migration takes place for the marriage purposes as well, whereas 21% people migrate with their parents and 16% migrate for employment purposes and 9% of the migrants are considered the seasonal migrants. Usually they live in the harsh climatic conditions and when the weather becomes unbearable they move from their areas to those areas where the weather conditions are moderate and are bearable. If we talk about the differences or different trends of migration in across our provinces, so in Punjab almost 1% of people migrate for the educational purposes, 22% or roughly between 22 and 23% migrate because of the marriage. As you know, usually because a female have to move from her parents' house to the husband's house, usually she is also considered the migrant. A 38% move with their parents, usually because of the job or because of the employment purposes. 8% are the business migrants, 9% have migrated for the employment purposes out of those 38% and 1.17 are considered seasonal migrants in Punjab whereas 0.07 has migrated for the health purposes, so usually in the rural areas they do not find the adequate health facilities so they move to the urban areas whereas the others count around 19% of the migrants who migrate for other purposes in Punjab. So here you would see the graphical reflection of the purposes of migration as you would see that majority of people are usually moving with their parents and then for employment, business and other purposes. Migration in Khayber Pakhtun Khwa for this for different purposes is like 2% people are the study migrants, 8% to 9% are migrating after marriage whereas a significant majority is moving with their parents. As you know that Khayber Pakhtun Khwa is having the largest community of IDPs internally displaced people so 57% is quite understandable and then 7% are the business migrants and 16% have migrated for the employment purposes whereas the other migrants are the 7% of people who are migrating in Khayber Pakhtun Khwa. So here is the graphical reflection of people who are migrating from Khayber Pakhtun Khwa for different purposes as you can see that majority is moving with their parents and then for the employment purposes health marriage and education purposes as well. If we see that migration trends in SINTH we see that less than 1% are the educational migrants and 8% are marriage migrants almost 50% move with their parents as the permanent settlers to other provinces whereas 9% are the business migrants 15% are migrated for the employment purposes and the rest of the migrants are to be counted as 15%. Here is the reflection of migration from SINTH you would see that a great majority just like the other provinces is migrating as permanent settlers migrating with their parents whereas the 24% people are migrating for the education purposes. Migration for Blochistan is that 1.47% are for study migrants 5% are the marriage migrants whereas 12% for the business purposes and 24% are the employment purposes. Here you will see the reflection of the division of those migrants who are migrating for different purposes and majority just like other provinces is the permanent settlers who are moving with their parents.