 Welcome to the Hindu News Analysis by Shankarayesh Academy. We at Shankarayesh Academy are happy to share with you about the pre-storming 2021 program which is the prelims test series for the upcoming 2021 UPSC civil services preliminary examination. Shankarayesh Academy has started admissions for the second test batch and this will be starting from 11 December 2020 today. Our pre-storming program is India's first full-fledged artificial intelligence supported preliminary test series. All the required details are provided in the description of the video about this program and also in the comments section. With this let's move on to the analysis part. These are the list of news articles taken up for today's discussion and their page numbers in different editions of the newspaper. The link for the handwritten notes in the PDF format and the time stamping of the discussed articles are provided in the description box and also in the comments section for the benefit of mobile phone viewers. Now let's move on to the analysis of first news article. Now this news article states that Morocco becomes fourth Arab nation since August 2020 to recognize Israel as a separate state after three countries which are united Arab Emirates Bahrain and Sudan. In this regard Morocco agreed to expand its economic and cultural cooperation with Israel. See we have to note that there are some united nation member states that still do not recognize Israel as a sovereign entity primarily because of a long conflict an ongoing conflict Israeli-Palestine conflict. So in this context let us have an understanding about Morocco its geography and also about its society. See it is a mountainous country in the western North Africa. You can find Morocco very close to Strait of Gibraltar it lies directly across the Strait of Gibraltar from Spain and in the east and in the southeast we can find it borders with Algeria and region wise we can say in the south it borders with western Sahara in the west it borders with Atlantic Ocean in the north it borders with the Mediterranean Sea and one of the unique fact with reference to Morocco is that it is the only African country that has the coastal exposure to both Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea and see most of the nation lies at high elevation the average is about 800 meters above sea level there are two chains of mountains that divide eastern Morocco from Atlantic Morocco one is the rift mountain system that is found in the north it forms a buffer along the Mediterranean coastline then the second one is the Atlas mountain system now this system it creates a barrier across the center the two parts of the country they are connected by a narrow pass called as Taza pass which is in the north eastern region and the parts of the country are also connected by roads that follow older traditional routes now let's come to climate aspect see most of Morocco and the part of Morocco that lies north of western Sahara particularly along the coastal region experience a typical Mediterranean climate see this climate has cool wet winters and hot dry summers the rainy season generally extends from October to April and the rainfall levels gradually decrease from north to south now if you come to the drainage system in this country the Morocco's mountains they capture significant amounts of rain and snow on their windward slopes particularly from the storms that comes from the north Atlantic and as a result there is numerous perennial or evergreen water courses in this regard we have to note that this country has the most extensive stream network in north Africa that is a river called as Sebo river it has the largest volume of water compared to any other river in this country now this river Sebo it accounts for almost half of Morocco's surface water resources that is the specialty of this river now there are also other rivers there is a longest river in this country called as Dra and Omil Rebia and also Molovia now let's come to ethnicity in terms of this Morocco is composed mainly of Arabs and Mazigan or mixture of both the ethnic composition is given here for your reference in coming to the languages see Arabic is one of the national and official language of Morocco it is spoken by two-thirds of the population the Amazi language also known as Tamazi is also an official language particularly from the year 2011 now coming to the official state religion it is Islam and majority of morocans are Sunni Muslims particularly of the Maliki right now coming to the economy aspect Morocco remains heavily dependent on export of raw materials if you take modern sectors particularly tourism and telecommunications these sectors are now given more importance and significance in the country and there is good portion of arable land in this country and because of Mediterranean climate there is significant or huge agricultural potential in this country that is said that morocos agricultural potential is matched by just few other Arab or African countries so these are some of the important information with reference to Morocco which has become the fourth nation since august 2020 to recognize Israel as a separate nation now let's move on to the analysis of next news article this open article deals with Iran and we can find Iran and the Iran nuclear deal which is called as the joint comprehensive plan of action is in use for two important reasons one is that a top level scientist associated with the nuclear program of Iran was assassinated recently and the second reason is that the president-elect of united states that is mr. Joseph who has announced that as soon as he takes over the office he will revive the nuclear deal and will lift sanctions on Iran so in this context we'll discuss about these related things and what Arthur's mentions in this editorial we'll see why did us pull out of it and reimpose sanctions on Iran see jcpoa or joint comprehensive plan of action is an agreement signed by Iran and p5 countries and germany and the european union this agreement was signed in the month of july in 2015 the main aspect of this deal is that it seeks to prevent Iran from producing a nuclear weapon this is to be achieved by putting restrictions or curbs on Iran's atomic or nuclear program in exchange Iran will receive economic incentives or lifting of economic sanctions if you see as per the deal Iran has reduced the number of its centrifuges used for enriching uranium by two-thirds it has restricted its uranium enrichment itself to 3.67 and it has also removed the core of its heavy water facility in Iraq secondly we should know why us came out of this deal see when barak hussein obama was the us president jcpoa was signed during his presidency and he wanted to stop the nuclear program of iran at any cost he since he thought the nuclear program was a national security problem which may lead to threats to united states he wanted to solve it however through diplomacy however in the next regime in the united states under mr. donald withdraw from this agreement criticizing that this deal did not put restrictions on iran's ballistic missile programs and it added that iran was violating many conditions of this nuclear deal however particularly from the side of international atomic energy agency and also from a host of european union countries they are saying that iran has not violated any of the terms of the treaty however us has done by coming out of it one another reason why mr donald came out of the deal is that he cited the actions of iran in syria and in other west asian countries where they are accused of supporting armed insurgent groups so us withdraw from this deal and imposed severe economic restrictions on iran now to know more about the actions of united states and of mr donald we should know about two major players in west asia that is south arabia and israel now for south arabia and israel the nuclear deal only solves the problem of iran not having a bomb however if the deal is revived infavorable of iran and if sanctions are lifted from iran this will make iran a dominant player again in syria and in other regions where armed insurgency is going on so south arabia thinks that sanction free iran might increase the shia dominance in west asia by arming the shia insurgent groups israel on the other side does not want a strong iran because it thinks that it might be increasingly attacked by iran's proxies in its region so israel which is supported by trump administration is involved in a lot of covert operations or secret operations that tries to destabilize the nuclear problem of iran in 2018 it is reported that israeli spies have carried out a mission at the warehouse inside iran and have stolen thousands of documents related to iran's nuclear program and we are listening to news articles mentioning attacks of iranian nuclear scientists recently we also heard about the death of one of the top scientists associated with this iranian nuclear program and we know in syria iran has deployed militias so as to back the government of bashar al asad however israel has continued to bomb the targets of iran there and for all these attacks from the side of israel iran has not responded directly it is thinking what action it can take to silence israel but without giving much space to iranians to think israel has assassinated a top most nuclear scientist of iran this has put the iranians in a dilemma the dilemma is if iran does not retaliate it shows that iran's deterrence is getting weaker that means it will trigger more such attacks on iran from the rivals of iran however if iran retaliates it could escalate the conflict this will give the us administration and also israeli administration some reasons to launch heavier strikes on its nuclear facilities and this is also expected to close the diplomatic chances that iran has to revive jcpoa and also to get relief from the economic sanctions in addition this will also compromise the support it receives from european powers with respect to the nuclear deal so if there is an attack from the side of iran the european countries will also be unwilling to revive the nuclear deal so now we should see what the iran government has actually done see it has decided to walk a cautious path or to take a calculated risk it is showing that it is not being provoked by israel's actions and know that iranian parliament recently passed a bill that said iranians will now enrich iranium content from 5 percent to 20 percent this means iranians are saying they are reviving nuclear capacity which may facilitate them to create weapons of mass destruction this they are doing it slowly also they are saying that they will stop the access to iran inspectors to their nuclear facilities now this inspection it forms part of jcpoa and it will stop if reliefs from sanctions are not given within two months now this number two months is the reason why ather uses the term calculated risk because the two month period is a tactical approach as joe administration will take charge of white house within two months and as we know joseph wants to revive jcpoa and to negotiate with iran so experts are of the opinion that this is a nuanced approach from iran and also if things change from united states side that is if u.s administration makes this nuclear deal favorable to iran by returning to this pact iran can reverse its decisions like increasing enrichment about saying statements like we will block even inspection etc and iran can come to the negotiating table or having said that iran has not decided anything with regard to israel and israel's major problem is not just nuclear weapons from the side of iran but also fact that iran should not become a prominent geopolitical and economic player in west asia but given these confusions and advantages and disadvantages with respect to iran and players in west asia we may expect more conflicts or more problems even if us try to revive this nuclear deal with this we come to the end of analysis of this news article now let's move on to next part of the discussion now this news article states that dr do has completed trials of an indigenous protective carbine which has successfully undergone the final phase of user trials meeting all the required parameters in this context we'll see about dr do what do you mean by carbine and some brief facts about integrated guided missile development program see when we say carbine it refers to a rifle like weapon however has a barrel length of less than 20 inches if you take weapons with barrels greater than 20 inches they are usually called as rifles unless specifically called as carbines by the manufacturer the protective carbine that was tested recently by dr do is a joint venture protective carbine which is a gas operated semi automatic weapon it has a firing rate of more than 700 rounds per minute its barrel length is 300 millimeter which is less than 20 inches it comes to around some 12 inches now from the prelims and main's perspective we need to know about dr do its mission vision and objectives see dr do is the research and development wing of ministry of defense of government of india it was established in 1958 after combining technical development establishment of indian army and directorate of technical development and production with the defense science organization now its vision is to empower india with cutting-edge defense technologies and to achieve self-reliance in critical defense technologies and systems it also includes equipping our armed forces with state-of-the-art weapon systems and equipment in accordance with the requirements laid down by the three services the source of strength is science is the motto of this organization called us balasya molam vikyanam one of the major achievements of dr do is the integrated guided missile development program now this program got the formal approval in the year 1983 now in this there are five types of missiles which were developed you can find that two of these types are surface-to-surface ballistic missiles and the other two are surface-to-air missiles here the short-range surface-to-surface ballistic missile is named as prithvi intermediate range surface-to-surface ballistic missile is named as agni and the short-range low-level surface-to-air missile is named as trishul then medium range surface-to-air missile is named as akash surface to air and akash you can relate it and the third generation anti-tank missile is named as nag so these are some of the information with reference to the analysis of this news article we'll see in detail about these individual missiles whenever they appear in the relevant news articles now let's move on to next part of the discussion this news article states that in the virtual commemoration of human rights day a member of national human rights commission observed that during the pandemic period since april more than 46 000 complaints were received by n h r c see human rights day is observed every year on 10th december it is observed on 10th december because this is the day when even general assembly adopted the universal declaration of human rights in 1948 in this context let us see about human rights and few information about national human rights commission see when we say human rights the legal definition is as per section 21 d of the protection of human rights act 1993 it states that it is defined as the rights relating to life liberty equality and dignity of the individual guaranteed by the constitution or embodied in international covenants and enforceable by courts in law when we say international covenants here it refers to international covenant on civil and political rights and international covenant on economic social and cultural rights see n h r c is an autonomous and it is also a statutory body as it is established by an act of parliament called as the protection of human rights act it was established in compliance with the paris principles and paris principles refer to those principles which were adopted the first international workshop on national institutions for protection and promotion of human rights now this first international workshop was held in paris in october 1991 and these principles adopted at paris were also endorsed by the even general assembly in the year 1993 as well now let's see some of the important functions of n h r c which are listed in section 12 of the particular law of 1993 see one is that it inquires on violation of human rights and also on negligence in the part of a public servant in preventing such violation of human rights as well the inquiry can be initiated on the basis of so motto that is on its own initiative or based on a petition or a complaint given by a victim or based on a petition presented to the commission by any person on behalf of the victim and it can intervene in any proceeding that involves any allegation of violation of human rights that are pending before a court of law with the approval of such court and the national human rights commission can visit any jail or any other institution under the control of state government here institutions are those where the persons are detained or lodged for the purpose of treatment reformation or protection and after studying the living conditions of the inmates it will make recommendations to improve the conditions if necessary it also reviews the constitutional safeguards or other legal safeguards for the protection of human rights then it analyzes the factors that inhibits the enjoyment of human rights and recommends effective remedial measures and few other important functions of NHRC is that it undertakes and promotes research in the field of human rights spreads human right literacy among various social sections and also encourages the efforts of non-governmental organizations and other institutions that are working in the field of human rights so these are some of the important functions of this national human rights commission with this we come to the end of analysis of this news article now let's move on to the next part of the discussion we have come to the last session the practice questions discussion session see this question consider the following places which of these are bordered by morocco molly does not border with morocco therefore the correct answer for this question is option a one three and four only which one of the following pairs of countries open out to both mediterranean sea and atlantic ocean a correct answer for this question is option c morocco and spain see this question with reference to dr do two statements are given they're asking which of the other statements are correct it works under the administrative control of ministry of science and technology government of india this statement is incorrect as it comes under the admin control of ministry of defense its motto is ballastia mollum vighanam the source of strength is science this is correct therefore the correct answer for this question is option b two only see this mains practice question under gs2 with increasing clandestine attacks on iran's top nuclear scientist and sabotaging of their nuclear operations what options do iran have to respond the attacks against them how would the change of regime in the white house alter the dynamics of this geopolitical game in west asia you may write answers and post it in the comments section with this we come to the end of today's the hindu news analysis if you like the video click the like button comment share 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