 The laser shock peening, LSP, process is a promising alternative to traditional shot peening, SP, offering improved surface finish, deeper levels of residual stress, and more uniform intensity. It also offers several advantages over ultrasonic impact peening, UIP, slash ultrasonic shot peening, USP. Research into the LSP process has focused on optimizing process parameters, characterizing the resulting residual stresses, and studying the effects of LSP on material properties and structures. Despite these advances, further research is required to fully understand the potential benefits of this technique.