 We are going to start out with a series of slides and follow that with a video. Of course, the slides and also the video are silent. We will provide the narration. And we hope that what we can do, although it's not totally adequate, but what we hope to do is show you a slice of what it's like to be on orbit and to conduct a mission, a fantastic mission such as STS-80. So if we could queue up the first slide, we'll get started. Well, the one thing we know is that you can't have a mission until you have a patch. And I was assigned as patch chairman on this flight, so my goal was to come up with a patch that told a little bit of story about the mission. And before I get started, I can't necessarily take credit for this design logo. Mike Sanny, who was an artist for Lockheed Martin, has moved back east now, came up with this design. But what this design tells you in the center top portion of the patch is Orchya Spa Satellite, the spectrograph astronomy satellite that we deployed on day one. Connected it at the bottom of the three red lines, which are a portion of the astronaut symbol, and those are there to represent in fact the astronaut office involvement with these satellites. The two satellites we took up were both free flyers and for a large portion did a lot of science on their own. But we would like to emphasize our portion in getting in there and help conducting the science. The bottom portion of that is the Wake Shield Satellite that the story was deeply involved with the entire time it was deployed. You'll notice in the dark blue background there are stars, there are 16 white stars representing a day for each, one star for each day of the flight. There's also two larger blue stars, which were to represent the EVAs. And I've got to tell you now, when I put those on, I was also hopeful that we would wind up with the record duration mission. So if you count those two, that's 18 days and in fact that's what our mission turned out to be. Pretty clever. I did that on my last flight and we didn't get that extra day. And then lastly, around the perimeter, the gray area where the names are encompassed, if you look at that and kind of remove the shuttle, you'll see a sea. And it's kind of appropriate that that sea stands for Columbia. The commander, Corporal, also enjoyed that sea. And then obviously the center of the patch, what we really wanted to tell also was the space shuttle mission and there's the on orbit configuration of the space shuttle while we conducted the science. We can go on to the next slide. We took off on a beautiful day in the afternoon in Florida and this is probably about three seconds into the flight by the time we get to the top of the tower we're going 120 miles per hour. But the real excitement for the crew is during those last three or four seconds prior to the booster's light. I think NASA does a countdown so that it can make the crew more scared when it comes time for the boosters to light. But we were in the hooping and hollering mode at this point. One of the first activities during the mission was the deployment of the Orpheus Spa spacecraft. We grappled the spas about three and a half hours into the flight and we were set up for a seven hour deploy. We ended up deploying about eight and a half hours to get some of the ground configuration corrected before we did the actual deploy. But Orpheus Spa is a spacecraft that was born out of a joint agreement between NASA and the German space agency and it consists of the Spa's carrier and the Orpheus suite of telescopes and instruments built in the United States and in Germany and they take ultraviolet spectra or look at light of higher energy than optical light of things like stars in our own galaxy, other galaxies and also look at the material between the stars to get a better understanding of the star formation process. Well along with the deploy came a fairly large photo TV requirement overhead and that helped to make our day one not only busy but very busy and this is a photo of Tom in the middle of that nest and as a matter of fact along with that went a five record set up. He's holding a checklist and I'd like to mention Martha May she designed this checklist and without her help we would have never pulled this off like we did. We'll skip ahead a bit here to flight day four and we were busy here deploying the wake shield facility our other prime payload on the flight and I'm operating the RMS controls at the aft flight deck looking back into the payload bay and we deployed the wake shield after a long period of orbiter free drift where we didn't fire the orbiter's thrusters to keep contamination of the wake shield's experimental side to a minimum and it was a very nice ballet designed by our friends in mission control to put together this ballet and choreograph the release of the wake shield while we maneuvered the satellite to the various positions on the arm required to get it in deploy configuration. Here you can see the wake shield being unbirthed from the payload bay and we removed it from the protective cone in the back of the payload bay that kept the experimental surface the growth surfaces free from contamination during the launch pad stay of the ascent in the early part of orbit and as we lift it up here we go into a complicated sequence of maneuvers to clean off the experimental bottom of the wake shield or the wake side of the satellite and story will tell us a bit more about that science. Here's the wake shield after Thomas released it management the wake shield program and the science that's conducted on it is out at the University of Houston it's manufactured right across the water there in South Shore Harbor by spacecraft industries a wake shield is a satellite to study the manufacture of semiconductor materials out there in a perfect vacuum of 10 to the minus 14 it's a battery operated it has thermal passive system it has its own attitude a termination system that looks at Earth horizon and it controls its attitude with torquers the orange structures that you can see magnetic torquers and a reaction control wheel it performed absolutely perfectly on this mission operating wake shield we do that using portable computers I used a pilot seat here and I strapped two personal computers to the pilot seat and it looked something like a pipe organ where you had different kinds of keyboards one of those computers was used for monitoring the system and the other was for sending commands to it the scientists and mission specialists on the mission were real excited about the science on going on the wake shield but the pilots were pretty excited about the fact we get a rendezvous with it to pick it back up so here's taco at the aff station on rendezvous today on flight day 7 the wake shield had accomplished all the science it attempted during this mission which was a pretty aggressive schedule and tacos at the aff station flying that rendezvous on flight day 7 it's not a one person show getting rendezvoused with an orbiting satellite of course it's a team of scores of people on the ground and in flight and each crew member's got a job to do and in the case of this flight we wanted to take some independent measures of the distance of the satellite and the rate that it was closing on us and we use a police laser speed gun to do that that's exactly what that is it's something you may have seen face to face in your everyday walk of life and it's a very accurate machine and we had Tammy stretched out across the cockpit looking up at the two satellites on each of the rendezvous measuring their speed and the distance from us meanwhile somebody has to run the show while I'm back having fun doing the flying and up until the time that we take over the manual flying Rommel here in the commander's seat did the trajectory adjustment burns that are used to get us right on track to be ready to rendezvous with the whichever satellite we're going after and he also monitors all the systems on board Columbia which I might point out we're working perfectly and gave us no trouble at all here's a shot of the wake shield just after grapple and we're swinging it from the grapple position into the payload bay again to be birthed on flight day 7 in the background there it's a very pretty view of the Pacific Ocean the Gulf of California on the right and the island off the coast of the Baja Peninsula is the island of the guardian angels in Mexico and we had a spectacular view of the wake shield orbiter and the earth below throughout all of these phases of the flight and it just takes your breath away when you're trying to work in the payload bay and something goes skimming by in the background is spectacular as this here we have our wake shield RMS operator Tom did all of the RMS operations on the wake shield and here he's performing some attached ops meaning the arm is attached to wake shield the day after we did the retrieval and you can see the wake shield through the aft window and the tail and of course all of this is done against the backdrop of the earth as we orbit around it this slide's in here to represent some of the mid-deck science experiments we had on board and especially mid-flight days 7, 8, 9 or so we had a pretty large host of mid-deck experiments the one that Tammy is working here is called Vue CPL it's a capillary pumped loop which the concept of it is to try to prove out that we can in fact pump a loop to remove heat from instruments in space without using a mechanical pump but rather using the fluid mechanics properties as well as heat to drive it prior to doing a space walk we do an extensive checkout of the instruments and the life support systems on the back several days before going to do the EVA we also configure and un-stow all the tools and arrange them in the airlock so that we've choreographed that tool flow before going out the door this is EVA day here and Tammy's getting suited up and you can see me in the picture too my hand down there to the left putting on Tammy's glove getting suited up all the suits, all the tools everything we did on board performed absolutely flawlessly and they were ready to support a space walk well as everyone knows a screw and a mechanism in the hatch precluded us from performing the EVAs and Tom and I had a lot of creative ideas about how we might actually get that hatch open and we also had a number of tools on board not just the EVA tools but the IFM tools and so we went looking through the bag of tricks and chose a hammer and a crowbar which also might be used as a chisel and took this photograph and just as if we were going to go and take one more crack at the hatch before we called it a day providing up the slides to see who will talk about them it's normally a democratic process but the vote in this case was four to one that I would be the one end up talking about this washing your hair on orbit turns out it's not much different than washing your hair down here especially for you story especially for me but you don't want to put too much stuff on it because you haven't got that much water to get it off but it's somewhat like washing a car you get too much soap on it down here but some people wash their cars and other people polish them and Tammy took the liberty of converting some of the orbiter air conditioner system to her own personal hairdryer and she was hands down the one that needed a hairdryer the most on board what we'd like to do now is go ahead and show you some of the earth observation slides that we've got and this one just came out beautifully and all five of us claim we're the ones that took it but what this is the red sea on the left side and from the leg of the cyanide from the red sea the Suez canal is on the right just above it is the Nile delta Cairo is in there there are some pyramids in there we actually shot the pyramids from space and fortunately for me the pyramids are very close to what I thought where I thought the pyramids were so they didn't come out in my slides and then the Nile you can see the Nile above the red sea with the large band in it also I'd just like to point out the curvature of the earth and something that's always stuck out to me is how black space is it is absolutely the starkest blackest black I've ever seen especially next to the earth we spend a lot of our time over water in an equatorial or 28 degree inclined orbit and most of the time you just pay attention to the clouds only in passing however late in the flight on a couple of our wave off days we glanced down in the Indian Ocean while we were strapped into our seats waiting for the orbit burn that never came and saw Cyclone Daniella here in the Indian Ocean off the east coast of Madagascar and we watched this storm over a couple of successive days and were able to get some pictures of this hurricane down in the southern hemisphere the eye is very well defined there and penetrates right down to the sea surface and the other detail that you might notice is that the spiral bands of this storm are in a clockwise direction and that's just the opposite of hurricanes up here in the northern hemisphere so you can really see Coriolis forces that work in the different hemispheres and this was the only big hurricane we saw in 18 days so we managed to grab it at the end of the flight thanks to the extension days this is a view of one of the islands in the Bahamas, the Great Exuma Island and to the right on the dark portion you can see the tongue of the ocean the depth of that water is about 3000 feet and as the depth close to the island is about 10 feet so there's a tremendous gradient in depth over a very short distance I must say that I am always struck in particular by the coastlines when I view the earth from orbit the blues and greens around the chain of islands in the Bahamas is extraordinarily beautiful and I wish that you could all enjoy such a view this is probably the winner of the most photographed spot award it's Mount Everest the highest peak on the planet just a bit over 29,000 feet and it's the large mountain right at the center of the picture with a very large shadow going off to the upper right to the right of this picture is the high plateau of Tibet average altitude about 3 miles above sea level and stretching towards Mount Everest is a very deep V shaped valley that makes it easy for us to walk right up to the left to Mount Everest in the center of the picture and surrounding the mountain are a number of glaciers coated with boulders that you can see in the fine detail in some of our pictures off to the left would be the Indian side of the subcontinent here and of course Mount Everest is shoved up to the heights it's reached because India's sliding from the left is cramming into the Asiatic continent and thrusting these mountains skyward one of the prettiest things that we saw anywhere on the planet this is a view of Mount Pinatubo which is a volcano in the Philippines on the island of Luzon it erupted several years ago and we continue to photograph it and of note in this photograph down in the lower left corner is Clark air base you can just see the runway running sort of up to the left and down to the right and the mud flows that are coming down from this mountain after the eruption a lot of the vegetation was removed and so the mountain is eroding at a more rapid pace and would be normal for an older mountain that has all of its vegetation in place the earth observation scientists here at JSC track successive photographs of places like this and can use that to determine how ecologically various areas of the world are being affected by the changes that have occurred to them sometimes we go after very specific targets on the earth with our earth observation photos we have a list that's sent up each day from mission control with our targets for the day the best opportunities for looking at change on the globe for example or weather phenomenon sometimes we just shoot the pictures for aesthetics and here we are way out over the Pacific ocean well west of Christmas Island and well southwest of Hawaii over nowhere in particular but the sun was going down to the west and we caught the cloud layers of gold and glow there and it's just one of the prettiest sites the clouds here are almost three dimensional as they float above the surface of the Pacific here and we had a keen eye for these shots thanks to story I think he was more aesthetically inclined than the rest of us in his views out the window and he always called attention to spectacular sites like these this is the island of Oahu one of the islands in the Hawaiian chain that is a well eroded extinct we passed over the Hawaiian chain every day we got a lot of good photos of it because a lot of times it was clear and also we passed over the islands during the cruel wake period and when the earth was lit at this point at the very bottom of the slide there you can see a straight structure on the bottom shoreline that is Honolulu International Airport Hickam Air Force Base you can see the body of water on the bottom that is Pearl Harbor the very right lower is a diamond head in the beach up from that is Waikiki Beach the very top of the slide is Waimea Bay the North Shore where they have a very large surf some personal thoughts on that slide is I do have a boy that lives down there in the bottom and Honolulu off to the right I was stationed in the Marine Corps there 40 years ago we did wave off two extra days and that brought us to a landing well here we are on flight day 15 having rendezvoused with the Orpheus spas and preparing to retrieve it one thing you might notice about this spacecraft is that it's equipped with some black and white dots and those dots were used as part of the space vision system experiment which is basically a camera and some computer smarts that looks at the position of these dots like a spacecraft and determines things like position and attitude very very accurately and we're hoping to use the space vision system when we construct the space station and so we wanted to perform some tests on that system and the Orpheus spas folks were kind enough to let us use their spacecraft as a test bed but on flight day 15 we did rendezvous with Orpheus and retrieved it after 14 successful days of data acquisition on a variety of astronomical objects here we are on what we thought was landing day we got a tremendous amount of practice at deorbit preparation but story and I were responsible for suiting up our crew members and then of course ourselves and here you can see we have our commander suited up in preparation for his landing of the shuttle actually a couple days later and we're all very proud of him for the smile on story space he's very excited about the prospects of waving off all good things have to come to an end we didn't have to land on flight day we actually had enough fuel on board Columbia to fly 3 or 4 more days we were out of some of the undergarments that you might want to use for successful days and we were also running a little bit of short on food we had lots of food that maybe Yule Gibbons would like but we were kind of short on the basics and entrees but we weren't ready to land we were happy where we were I think by around the 10th or 11th day we were very acclimated to 0G and to living in this little environment of the space shuttle and enjoying it very much and having such a great time that we could have gone on for much longer that we were given was about 15 minutes prior to sunrise it goes in the books officially as a day landing but it looked dark enough to me to log it in my personal log book as a night landing and so it did give us a beautiful view and here we are as we are approaching touchdown with the xenon lights illuminating us from behind and you can see the humidity in the Florida air has turned into some vapor let's switch off this slide, Taco I'd just like to add that as pilots Taco and I are trained for months and months, hundreds of landings and practices to try to touch down hopefully within plus 10 minus 15 knots of the speed that we're supposed to touch down and the point we touch down can vary on this day we're supposed to touch down around 3100 feet Taco won't mention it but what I'd like to tell you is he absolutely nailed it we touched down at 3100 feet we touched down inside two knots of the touchdown speed and what along came with that was a touchdown that was so smooth that as I was calling off the speeds I really wasn't certain if we touched down or not but I knew because my HUD moded into the touchdown mode and I felt a little bit of vibration which were the wheels spinning up on the roll out so I'd just like to add that Taco absolutely nailed that and I figured it was worth 100 more instead of a 20 that's it for our slide presentation and as soon as you can cue it up we're ready for the video there it is while Columbia said on the launch pad the five of us were having breakfast and then getting suited up here I am waving to the kids Rommel is just about to go through the pressure check of his launch and entry suit and that's what Tammy is doing here as well these suits are not totally uncomfortable but they're not the kind of thing that you'd like to wear here's time for any extended period of time and getting into and out of them is not real pleasant so it was nice that we launched on the first day it would have been well it was a reasonable trade to have to get in and out of the suit two or three times in order to get the extra couple of days on orbit launch day was absolutely a beautiful day something new to me on my last flight I climbed in the vehicle several times before we went anywhere we had a light and six seconds prior to lift off the vehicle stack goes through its twang but when the solids light like this there's no dent in your mind you're going somewhere we had a cadence, Tom started it he said 102-102 the computers were in mode 102 I said auto, auto, pitch and roll yes we're in auto and not CSS and Taco was supposed to say there goes the tower but by the time he could say there goes the tower the tower had already gone and we're doing more than 100 miles an hour for the solids what's interesting they've got 550 tons of propellant and they're burning that propellant at the rate of about 5 tons per second so that explains why they're giving us about 6 million pounds of thrust at this point at about 150,000 feet they detach we're going about 3,000 miles an hour here and once they detach on the solids it's a pretty rough vibrant ride and then it becomes a very smooth ride from there to orbit first order of business after getting to orbit is to convert our rocket ship into a laboratory or a satellite deployment platform in this case and so we swing open the payload bay doors about an hour and a half after getting to orbit Taco is working with Rommel to convert the computers over to on orbit mode while we're getting ready in the back to check out the arm and get the satellite out of the bay we are we grapple the spa satellite about three and a half hours into the flight and some checks were performed by the crew and the ground and here we are taking the satellite out of the payload bay and maneuvering to the release position Tom of course is assisting me here with the arm everyone in the crew was involved in the rendezvous in the RMS deploys but SPAS was a model satellite the spacecraft performed flawlessly the group of folks that we worked with in Germany were just incredible we worked with incredibly professional and enjoyable to work with so we were pleased to be part of the SPAS the Orpheus SPAS mission here we are maneuvering again the SPAS to the release position once SPAS is in the release position in our window for release opens this is the end effector view we maneuvered the arm we release the spacecraft maneuvered the arm away from the SPAS and then very shortly there after approximately one minute taco fire some jets on the orbiter so that we would induce a separation velocity between the orbiter and SPAS and send it on its two week mission of astronomical observations here we are on the mid-deck and this is the same second year I had mentioned earlier running the capillary pump loop experiment and here you can see it and this is about as exciting as it ever got but it was a tremendous experiment run by the University of Maryland out in the payload bay we had the space experiment module a gas can type experiment with 10 experiments provided by students in high schools and colleges around the country and they use microgravity to great effect on our 18 day flight now here you see the sequence of bringing the wake shield out of the protective cone in the back of the payload bay protecting the source cells the material onto the wafer growth surfaces on the wake side of wake shield this is again flight day 4 and the first place we took the wake shield satellite was over the port side pointing into the ram direction so that the contamination on the bottom of the shield here would be cleaned off by atomic oxygen and orbit after a couple of hours during free drift while we cleaned the wake side of the satellite we then swung it over to the other side of the payload bay to check out the attitude control system and so we were doing a constant series of RMS maneuvers with some pauses in between while the shuttle oscillated slowly in free drift getting ready for the deploy sequence and here we go over to the other side of the payload bay towards the ADACS checkout or the attitude system checkout location you can see the Sahara sweeping by in the background Tom was saying here we maneuver the arm and study where the wake shield thinks it is in terms of its attitude determination system and we watch the responses of the satellite to the RMS after going to the ADACS deploy and then we go to a deploy position Tom has dropped it here we study the attitude determination and control system its performance for one minute we did get into a little higher reaction speed here than planned and as well we had an 8 degree roll excursion and so the wake shield community wanted to study this response for a few minutes longer we did observe to watch the clearance with the AFTV cameras I'm waiting here to to start the thrusters they're Colgas nitrogen thrusters and here the wake shield is thrusting away from the orbiter it's a 20 minute burn here are the two satellites in formation with each other after wake shield they're about 15 or 18 miles apart at that point and we're going to fly between those two to rendezvous with wake shield as you can see we do need to eat on board but you can define your own kitchen table upside down or not and we do have to keep things clean Rommel here is vacuuming one of the filters it collects a little bit of dust on it we just vacuum the dust off of it one of several filters in the crew compartment flight deck we have all of our TV recording studio set up four separate recorders to record SVS data that Tammy talked about earlier and all of this data was shipped back to the ground after landing we had a number of orbiter jet burns to keep us in the proper position with these two satellites some of them were fairly long as you can see that from the exhaust over the nose there and we use the computers to tell us what to burn but then we make the burns manually and you can see how the firing of these little rockets shake the vehicle you can see the computer on the glare shield sliding around a little bit what we're looking through there is the little gun sight we got the reticle turned down fairly dim so that we can see outside well and wake shield was showing up in the gun sight and we're flying up closer to it again we manually are flying and you can see Tammy in the window next to me taking sightings with the police laser when we get it down over the payload bay it's time for Tom to go to work and grapple it it's remarkable how smoothly our pilots brought this spacecraft into the payload bay envelope I'd never seen another spacecraft in orbit before and this one was remarkable in its stability taco practiced right underneath it and then we rotate the RMS end effector get it into the right orientation for grapple and then it's just a matter of going and closing the grapple pin and not bumping the satellite out of the way in the process here we are closing over the grapple pin with the end effector we trigger the snares and then bring the wake shield back aboard after its three days of material science one strap to the arm we can bring it back down into the payload bay and we even use it the next day for some space vision system experiments our flight deck teamwork is very important as we bring it down into the payload bay we even had space vision system here providing us birthing cues in addition to the usual TV camera RMS digitals that we use for standard payloads wake shield was really a joy to operate on the arm Tammy is here with one of our long lens telephotos Hasselblad camera and we'll show you a few views of the earth in the movie here too hygiene is important in space also so destroyer was getting a little bit shaggy so he's getting a little bit of a trim and a polish here also I think you can define our crew as works well together when we had an oisering spill everybody chipped in to help clean that spill up as many of you know story was making his sixth flight on the US space shuttle and while we were on orbit he passed over a thousand hours of time in the space shuttle so we came up with this patch that says master of space and presented it to him in a little ceremony on board here we are in the mid-deck the day before the flight day 10 scheduled EVA applying anaphoag to our helmets and also getting our tools in the proper configuration in anticipation for the EVA in the next day Tom here has the shuttle power tool and I'm holding the news station power tool that has some enhanced capability but as you can see is quite a bit larger than the shuttle power tool we spent several hours getting our tools in the proper configuration and everything that was laid out to make EVA day go much more smoothly and efficiently Tom is donning his lower torso assembly and it's always a bit of a squeeze getting into those pants and shortly you'll see my head pop out of the the upper torso and story of course was instrumental in getting us suited up and prepared to go out the door the crew got into the airlock the RMS got in position to view crew egress we went to open the hatch the handle rotated about 35 degrees and came to a hard stop this happened over and over again more times than I can count and unfortunately we were never able to open the outer airlock hatch and the EVAs were cancelled for the flight well we wanted to get off on time so that we could get you all home for Thanksgiving but you can probably blame me on that because this is my third Thanksgiving in space but here we are eating a traditional turkey I had flown during Thanksgiving with John Blaha back in 89 I wanted to fly in space again and I did get to fly with him but on different vehicles you all were nice enough to patch us in with him the moon from out there in space is very similar to the moon you can watch this moon grow to a totally full moon this is a shot of flight day 15 and this is a day when rendezvous in with Orpheus to bring it back the taco was kind enough we swapped roles during this rendezvous so I was at the AF station and taco was in the Ford station until, and now you notice tacos in the picture until we got within 100 feet and then he took it for the proxops and the grapple the landing job with the rendezvous they put the spacecraft very very steady into the end effector camera all that was left to do was a quick maneuver and a grapple of the Orpheus spas a post grapple we did do a number of maneuvers in support of some space station experiments testing our SPS system and making sure that we could get very good position in attitude information out of the space vision system to facilitate some of the space station construction activities and this is our final birthing of the spas let's take you back outside we're gonna give you some camera views of the earth always in the background as we maneuvered the spacecraft during our long flight looking down we can see some very delicate linear dunes in western Algeria in the great western sand sea of the Sahara this is a very early morning view of the resulting of the dunes by the wind a little bit farther to the east is a big outcropping of black volcanic rock it's dark gray because of iron and manganese in the rocks and the typhoon dunes that are there on the right side the thumb shaped dune field is red because of the iron in the sand grains reflecting light in a different way and it's a very beautiful dune field bumping up against the hard rock of the mountains there over central Africa we saw a lot of burning going on indicating from the rain forest area in central Africa combined with the grasslands there this is one of the hot topics we were looking for from space we saw a lot of burning not only here but also in Australia because it's the dry season there beautiful real time sunset from earth orbit and now it's time for entry we've got a small camera hand held in the cockpit that allows us to pan around and show you the orange pink aerodynamic heating outside the front cockpit windows we go through about Mach 15 out the back windows you can see the plasma tail trailing us behind as the hot plasma streams around the orbiter and goes back over the tail it's a spectacular light show during that time where you saw the plasma trail behind us we were tilted up at an angle of attack of about 40 degrees here we are looking out through a camera over the nose of the vehicle and now the angle of attack is much lower and we're flying more like an airplane it is dark overhead so the only way to see us was with an infrared camera and that's what you see in the upper right inset in this view we continue to have the camera that's looking over the nose operate all the way to landing and you see some lights on the ground and you can see clearly why I called it a night landing and just up towards the upper right and moving to center you can see the dim outline of a long thin light area which is the runway we are diving towards a set of lights about a mile and a half short of the runway which are lit up by strobe lights and at about 2,000 feet we start to pull out to shallow our steep dive angle which is 18 degrees up to that point to more of an airliner type glide slope so we can land at about 300 feet Rommel put the landing gear down and this is our view as we are finishing that that preflair on the left is a string of lights with a little ball next to it which we are trying to line up and keep in the center so as to cross the runway at the right height at the threshold and with the xenon lights providing the bright glow on each side of us here is the touchdown viewed from the camera at the far end of the runway you can see the vapor trails being turned up in the humid Florida air at about 200 knots on the ground Rommel deployed the drag shoot and at 185 knots we started the nose down to make a to get all three wheels on the runway and we will start steering down trying to stay on the centerline of the runway because it is nothing more embarrassing to have the final photos of the vehicle not on the centerline it is also helpful to stay out of the mud in the weeds at about 60 knots we release the drag shoot so it still has a good aerodynamic force on it to get away from the vehicle so it doesn't damage the engine bells this is after all a reusable spacecraft it was the 21st flight of Columbia the 80th flight of the space shuttle program and that is the end of our presentation thank you very much