 Hello everyone, there's a lot more people in here than I expected. Today I'm going to talk about Chinese mechanical locks. Today I'll be talking about Chinese mechanical locks. Hello, I'm Lucas. I'm Zhao Chenlang. I go by the handle UrbanHawk. My name is UrbanHawk. This is my first year at Keisi University. I go to Case Western Reserve University. I am a freshman student. I will be going into my sophomore year. I am a tool member. I'm a tool member. I like all kinds of locks. I like all kinds of locks. Please feel free to ask questions anytime, photograph or film. But please don't vote for me. Please don't sue me. Because I don't have money, because I have no money. Please read this disclaimer carefully. Please read the next page. Please read it carefully. Anyway, I don't have money from any locks. No lock company has given me any money. I do not work for any company. And these are my own observations from my research. These things I'm going to talk about today are from my... from my perspective on Chinese locks. There may be mistakes, but this is not what I meant. And Chinese is not my mother tongue. So if I make a mistake, please be a little more polite. Chinese is not my mother language. So if I make any mistakes, please try not to laugh too hard. Introduction. Why I like locks? Why I like locks? A lock is essentially a type of puzzle. A lock itself is a kind of puzzle. With a lock, you are trying to design mechanical perfection. The design of the lock is the perfect design of the machine. The better the lock, the closer you are to mechanical perfection. The better the design, the more advanced the lock, the closer the machine is. The techniques used to achieve mechanical perfection are very interesting. The design of the machine is very interesting. Chinese locks are the most interesting. Chinese locks are the most interesting. Where are high-security locks used? Where is the safe and high-quality lock used? There are two types of locks. The first is the machine. The machine factory, the train station, the office building, the school. These are the same type of locks. The other type is the people's residence. Where are these locks used in other countries? I've covered it please! I've covered it please! Please don't ignore him. Please ignore him. In other countries, most of the locks are used in the machine factory, train station, office building. These are high-quality locks. But when you come to China, where are high-quality locks used in China? Chinese locks are used in the residents' residence, not in the machines. In China, as opposed to using locks on high-security locks on institutions, they use high-security locks on residences. Why is China different? Why is China different? Let's take a look at the differences between China and other countries. First, we need to look at the differences between the population of China and the population of other countries. Looking at China's population, we have over 1 billion people. There are more than 1 billion people in the U.S. We have more than 1 billion people in China than in the U.S., for example. In other countries, there are fewer people than in the U.S. Therefore, the number of people in the U.S. is small. Therefore, the number of people in the U.S. has to be high. In institutions in other countries, we have much smaller populations, labor is more expensive, therefore institutions are going to need they're going to hire less security because it's more expensive. And with less manpower, physical security is much more important. In China, the population is bigger, and the workers are cheaper. Therefore, institutions will hire more security workers. If there are more people, physical security is not so important. In China, in institutions, you have a much larger population. So labor is cheaper. Therefore, institutions will hire more security guards. And with more security guards, physical security becomes less important. Residential in China, in China. In China, most of the people live in the high-rise apartment. So the doors are weak. There is no window in the corridor. There is a big pool wall and a big security door. And most of the workers have less security guards. Therefore, this lock is the biggest weakness of this apartment. Therefore, this lock has to be good. In residences in China, most people live in very high-rise apartments. And they're made out of concrete. And there are no windows in the hallways. So the door is the weakest point. Also, most apartment complexes have no security. So the lock is the target for attackers. And therefore, the lock needs to be good. In other countries, in other countries, most people live in the house. The door is not the weakest point. There is a window in the window. The wall of the house is made of wood. This little thief is more stupid. He will go to the window, to the wall of the house. He won't go to the lock. Because the lock is not the weakness. The house is the building. And the house is the weakness. So the lock doesn't need to be so good. In other countries, most people live in houses where the walls are made of wood and there are windows everywhere. So the door is not the weakest point. The window is the weakest point. The wall is the weakest point. Therefore, the lock doesn't need to be that good. How are locks graded in China? What is the level of Chinese locks? This has A, B, and super B. There is A, B, and B plus grade. It's not like other countries. A is the best. B is the worst. C is the worst. China is the worst. B is the best. Super B is the best. In other countries, we use A is usually the best grade. B is slightly worse. And C is the worst. However, in China, this becomes A is the worst. B is second best. And B plus or B extra is the best. How bad are locks graded in China? How bad are locks on institutions? Let's take a look at China's Zhongshan University. Let's take a look at China's Zhongshan University. How bad are locks graded in China? Every day, people go to the locks, steal things, do bad things. Every day, people break into the locks and steal stuff from the students or do other thieves things. So students have to develop their own creativity to fund this thief. So students need to come up with their own ways to keep these criminals out. Let's take a look at these interesting inventions. Let's look at some of the inventions that they made. This dog was put here to scare away criminals. They blocked the door in this case. You open the door at the same time. You put the knife on top of the door so that when you open it, it falls and scares away the criminal. Or Robert Duck. There's another one. Let's take a look at the Beijing South Station. What's this photo? A few years ago, someone went to Beijing Station. He went to see the lock in Beijing Station. It looks like the lock in his house. So he went to his house and tried to open the lock. But this person didn't go to the police or the police to tell them the problem. He thought it was a way to make money. So he asked a lot of people to enter the train station early in the morning. In the end, they were arrested. They changed the lock. They didn't change a better lock, but a bigger one. At Beijing South Railway Station, this gentleman over here, he noticed that the locks on the gates were pretty close to the locks on his house. So he tried his key in the lock. Lo and behold, the lock opened. Instead of calling the police or contacting the police or telling someone about it, he thought it was a great business opportunity. So he went and charged people to get into the station earlier. He was eventually caught, and this is where this picture is from. Let's take a look at Chinese mechanical locks, the industry environment. Let's take a look at its business environment. When you buy a lock, unlike other countries, you buy a lock when you buy a lock. Unlike other countries, when you buy a lock, you don't buy a lock from a locksmith usually. When you buy a lock in China, the packaging is really good. When you buy a lock in China, the packaging is always going to be very good. So we can see now that the packaging is usually like this lock, the level of the lock. In the box, there's the lock. So when you buy a lock in China, you're not going to get a very cheap packaging that you usually get in other countries because that's China. The locks usually have a very nice packaging, and on it is going to be the lock company's name, the grade of the lock, and the quality of the lock. Inside the lock, we will have many different things. In the box, we will have a lot of different things. One is the A key, one will be the A keys, one will be the B keys, one will be the key card. One will be the key card. The key card is really useless. Most of the time, the key card will be in there as a decoration and it will be the lock cylinder. The lock cylinder will go on the door. The B keys will go to the owner. A keys will go to the owner. A keys will go to the lock installer or they will directly to the owner. A key, A key, A key, A key, A key, A key, The AV keys that we were talking about before use this technique. The A key is given to the people who install the lock, or the people who need to enter the house. It can be given to anyone who needs to get into the house, or who are installing the lock, or constructing the work they're doing construction work. The key key is usually sealed. For the owner, the B keys are sealed and given to the owner of the house. The key key can be locked, or the key key can be locked. The A key can open the locks, and the B key can open the locks. But when the key key is used, the key key stops working. Some locks have a C key. Some locks will also have a C key. The A keys and B keys can be used simultaneously. The A keys and B keys can be used simultaneously. When the C keys are used, the A keys can be used. When the C key is used, the A key stops working, and the B key continues to work. The key management. I use a key key in other countries. It's called a key key. A key key can be opened by several locks. Each of its own keys. The person in charge can open all the locks with one key. But there aren't many key keys in China. So there's usually a key ring like this. The key is full. In China, as opposed to master keying, like other countries where one key will open many locks, in China, they often have just one ring with a bunch of different keys on them. Because it's easier to do it like this with a giant ring of keys. It's easier to replace the locks and it's easier to manage. I've used these things before. I have used these things before. It's annoying. They're very annoying. Because when they're ready, each key has its own shape. The shape of the key doesn't have a label. So every key has its own shape. Because the keys look exactly the same. I've used them before. And all the keys sometimes look exactly the same. And when you go up to the door, you have to try all of them because they're unlabeled. Counter-fitting. No doubt. Just like the fake Nike shoes, and Li's phone, and the fake Adidas, also have fake locks. Why do they have fake locks? There are two reasons. One is to make money, of course. The other is to destroy the reputation. You can sell the locks by using other people's brands and selling better brands. You can make money like this. Sell cheaper. You can destroy the reputation. You can write the name of a good company on a bad company. On a bad company's name. People buying this lock feel bad. They don't buy this company's locks anymore. So there's two reasons why there are fake locks. One is for better profit because if you take the name of an established company and you stamp it on a lock, that's way cheaper to make. You make money off of that. And the other is destroying reputations, which is where you take the name of an established company whose reputation you want to destroy and you stamp it on a lock that is very terrible. When people buy this terrible lock, they think it's from that company and you ruin the name. What we're looking at now is a shipment that was confiscated by NIMBO Customs of many, many fake locks. Look at these fake locks. It's written like this. But although it wants to block it, it's that one. Tricircle. It's very famous. They want to block it. It's a bit wrong. It's still being stolen by the pirates. They try to copy Tricircle's name and they change the name around a bit to try to get around this. But they still were caught by Customs. Hai Guan Kou Dao La. 286,200 lock. Customs confiscated 286,200 fake locks. 1,688 boxes. 1,688 cartons of locks. Value? 1,430,000 RMB. Before, there were about 1,143,000 RMB. If you eat a Beijing roast duck every day, you can eat it for 15 years. If you ate one Beijing roast duck every day for the next 15 years, that would be that amount of money. For all these big locks, there's still a market. For all these big locks, there's still a market. Vending counterfeiting. For a lot of times, there will be two-way codes and a password area. You scan the two-way codes and put the password in. If the password is checked, that means the lock is fake. If the password is checked, that means the lock is real. Sometimes, it will have something on the lock. It will change color when it's hot. Or you can use UV light to show something special. To prevent counterfeiting, there are many methods. The first is, most prominent is QR codes that you scan. And there's a scratch off area where you put in the password into the website that the QR code takes you to. If this password has been looked up before, that means the lock is counterfeit. Or if the password doesn't work, then the lock is counterfeit. If the password has never been looked up before, that means the lock is real. The other option are these stickers that go on the side of the lock that usually have that changed color or they look different under UV light or they have a hologram. Counterfeit keys. In other countries, there's something called key control where keys are controlled by the company that made the locks because the company has a patent on them. If another company tries to make these keys, they're breaking the law because I have the patent on them. And therefore I can control the keys. Key control is important because when you give the key to someone, when you get a key back, you want to make sure that's the only key in circulation and that he hasn't made a copy of it. This is what key control does. So many times there will also be fake keys. So many times there will also be fake keys. On the left is the real key made by a company called Medeco. On the right is the fake key. Here's another example. It's made by an American company called Schlage. It's made by a key. Because in China, many times they use imported locks, it's hard to make these locks. These other countries' locks don't send the keys to China. So in the future, the locks need to make their own keys. You can see that this is a US lock. This is the key he made. He made two locks. We can see this is an American lock. Sometimes when locks are imported to China, they don't come with key blanks and companies are unwilling to send the key blanks to China. So locksmiths have to be creative and make their own keys. And here's an example of a locksmith making keys that are quite good. It's an Australian key. It too is made. It's a Swedish lock. This is my favorite example. It is a Swiss cabalock. This key is not only made by this key. Not only did this locksmith create this key, this lock is put in another company's other company's lock. The locksmith who made this key put it onto another company's counterfeit link. Put it onto another company's counterfeit link. Like this. Sometimes, Chinese locksmiths also have different logos. Can you guess which one is the first logo? The one in the middle, the one on the right, is the first one. Other ones are all similar, but they are all from different locksmiths. They are all the same. So these are a lot of lock companies that have similar logos because they have the same meaning. They are taking advantage of the power that another company's logos has. The one in the middle is the original one, but the rest of them look quite similar. Security technologies. This is a pin tumbler lock. This is a pin tumbler lock. How do pin tumbler locks work? When these pins are raised to the correct height, this lock can open. Otherwise, this lock cannot open. How do we make this lock safer? Add another row of pins. This lock has two rows of pins. Add another row of pins. This lock has three rows of pins. This lock has pins on the left side, the top, and the right side. How do we make this lock more secure? Add another row of pins. This is the very common cruciform or cross key lock. This is what it looks like. There are four rows of pins. Add another row of pins. Add another row of pins. Add another row of pins. Add another row of pins. Add another row of pins. You can add anymore pins. As long as you can keep doing it, you can add 100 pins. As long as you want to do it, every time you add a pin, it's safer. If you wanted to, you could keep adding pins more and more and more pins to this. And as you go, it will add more and more security. point where you can't add any more before it starts reducing the security level of lock. 编注锁,sidebar locks. What are sidebar locks? 有没有人看见过这样子的锁? 这样子形状的钥匙的锁? 请举手, has anyone seen locks with a key like this? 挺多人的,挺普遍的, these are very common. Many people in the audience are raising their hands. 编注锁是什么? What are sidebar locks? 这个是锁的前面, we're looking at the front of the lock right now. 我们把前面给切掉,把里面的结构全都撤出来,是这样子的样子。 When we cut the front off and we look at the inside, this is what it looks like. 有一个编注到, there is a slot for the sidebar and there is a slot for the pins. 现在这白色的地方是空的,这个灰色的地方是锁,这个深灰色是锁体。 The white parts are empty right now, the gray parts are the lock cylinder, the lock, the core, and the dark gray part is the lock body. 现在我们加个编注, now we'll add a sidebar. 这个红色的是编注, the red is the sidebar. 这编注再加个弹簧,像这编注槽里推的,编注道里推,像这个方向推, we'll add a spring which pushes the sidebar towards the sidebar slide. 我们转动这个锁丝的时候, when we turn the inside core, 这个编注会被这个编注槽的原型推进这个锁丝, when the plug is turned, the sidebar is pressed back into the plug, 你可以看到它现在,它现在这是平的,跟这个中间这个大道是平的, 你转它这个半原型把这个编注推回去,它就会稍微突出一点, you'll see that when the plug is turned, the sidebar sticks into the body of the lock. 这暂时这样子的锁,什么东西都可以开,比较没用, right now anything can open this lock, so it's kind of useless. 所以我们就再加一个弹珠, so now we'll add a pin. 但是这个只有一个弹珠, but this one only has one pin. 会有一排弹珠,但不是像弹珠所有的上弹珠,还有下弹珠, 这个锁只有一个弹珠,这弹珠还有个弹珠孔. Unlike other locks which have a top and a bottom pin, this one only has a single pin with one part cut out for the sidebar. 没有钥匙的时候,这个编注没发突进这个地方, 因为这个弹珠暂时在打开它, when there is no key, the pin prevents the sidebar from moving into the plug. 这个弹簧是向下按,这个在编注的弹簧是向编注槽那边按, 差对钥匙的时候,这个弹珠会抬到正确的位置, when the key is inserted, the pin will be raised to the correct height. 被抬到对的位置的时候,这个槽就会跟着编注一样的高度, when the key is inserted and the pins are raised to the right height, the notch in the pin is aligned with the sidebar. 所以转动锁鞋的时候,这个编注就可以进这个弹珠的槽里,这个就可以让锁鞋转动. When the key is turned, the sidebar can retract into this slot in the pin and the lock is allowed to open. 没有钥匙的时候,它进不到这个道就开不了, when there is no key in the lock, the sidebar cannot go into the slot in the pin and therefore the lock cannot open. 那我们可以怎么让这个锁更加安全? How can we make this lock more secure? 那好,我们把这个编注现在不是向外面推,是向锁鞋内推, instead of having the spring for the sidebar pushing the sidebar out of the cylinder, let's have it push inwards of the cylinder. 这样子有什么好处? How is this better? 这样子把这个弹珠地向下的力气和锁鞋转动的力气给分开, so now the lock cylinder does not need to be turned to have the sidebar go into the lock. 所以就安全的多, now the sidebar does not need to be turned to go into the lock. 差多钥匙的时候,编注会自己收回这个编注槽, when the lock, when the key is inserted, the sidebar will automatically go into the slot. 这样子要是放转动力或者破坏的转动力,它这个编注不可能断掉,因为编注没有在向锁鞋内推. When you put a very big turning force on the lock, the sidebar cannot be forced into the lock because the sidebar is not actively pushing. This is a kind of locking mechanism, is actively pushing in towards the lock and actively turning the lock does not push the sidebar into the pins, 然後就可以转开.空转锁,free spinning locks,这是一种编注锁, this is a type of sidebar lock. 这是盒子,this is what the lock looks like. 这个是前面,this is the front of the lock. 这个锁有什么特殊?What's special about this lock? 设计这个锁的人,想法是什么? The person who designed this lock and you design this lock, what was his thinking? 设计这个锁的人呢,他想大部分锁是把它定的越来越牢 Most locks can think about whether they can hold this plug in place with more and more elements. 但是他想不要这个锁僵硬,让它更,它让它可以空转 所以这个锁呢,你什么插在这个钥匙孔里都可以转这个锁 但是只有对的钥匙可以开这个锁 With this lock, any key can turn the plug, but only the correct key can open the lock. 所以你随便插个什么地方都可以转动这个锁线 但是只有对的钥匙可以开这个锁 背什么这个好? Why is this better? 你这个锁是,你放多大转动力都破坏了,开不了 With this lock, no matter how much force you put on it, you cannot forcibly open the lock. 这个是一个快速编柱,一个弹设编柱锁 This is a snap sidebar lock. 这个锁的编柱有什么要有趣的? What's special about this lock sidebar? 这个锁是给你少于一秒钟来把里面的结构都挪到对的位置才可以开锁 This lock gives you less than a fraction of a second to have everything aligned to open the lock. 这是说明什么? What does this mean? 你必须要把这个锁里的叶片和弹珠的叶片全都挪到对的位置 但是你必须要在一秒钟内挪到 You must move all the parts in this lock to the right place in less than a second. 这样子就会防止技术开, this way it'll prevent picking. 一个很复杂的锁, this is a very complicated lock. 这个锁看得像个普通的叶片锁,一个普通的cd锁 This lock looks like a very normal sidebar lock. 这是它的样子, this is what it looks like. 普通的锁会有12到24,或者可能有36个叶片, most locks will have 12, 36, or 24 sliders. 但是这个锁它们加了48个叶片塞在里面, for this lock they put in 48 sliders all crammed together. 48个叶片越多越好, the more the better. 这个锁哪有空间就哪有叶片, this lock wherever it is placed there are sliders. 这个是另外一个很复杂的锁, this is another complicated lock. 我们从前面看像个普通的弹珠锁,一个很普遍的锁, 但是仔细看的时候, when we look more carefully at this lock, 可以看到旁边要是有个槽, we can see that there's a slot on the side of the key. 然后呢,不光是这个,它这最后两个弹珠, for his last two pins, 弹珠里还有一个弹珠,母子弹珠,一个弹珠里面还有个弹珠, 就是这两个东西,更加安全, to add more complexity to the lock. There is a pin-in-pin on the last two pins, as well as the slider track on the side. 这是一个他的锁的一个照片, this is a picture of a lock. 这个是一个旋转弹珠的锁, this is a rotating pin lock. 一个弹珠锁基本上就需要抬弹珠,把全都抬到位就可以开. When you have a normal lock, all you have to do is lift the pin up to the right position to open it. 但是这个锁呢,它加了一个什么, with this lock, what did they add? 这个锁必须得有旋转这个弹珠到对的位置,到对的角度才可以开这个锁. 这个锁是在个罐头里,这个罐头是什么原理? 它钥匙罐头是封的,没人看过你的钥匙,没人知道这锁的钥匙是什么样的? 你开这个罐头,要是这个罐头没有,已经被开过, 那你就知道人可能把过你这钥匙,看到过你这钥匙. This lock comes in a can, so what that means is when the can is sealed, you know no one has seen your keys, but when the can is open, then you know that someone might have seen your keys and someone has touched that lock other than the factory. 它是这样子的, this is what it looks like. 这个弹珠不只需要抬,还得有旋转, not only do the pins in this lock have to be lifted, but they also have to be turned to the right angle. 这是锁的结构, this is the inside of the lock. 看得像个普通弹珠锁, it looks like a normal pin tumbler lock, 但是抬这个弹珠还有多的一个槽, it looks like a normal pin tumbler lock, but each of the pins has an extra slot in it. 只有这些槽全都对位了,到对的角度,这些弹珠才可以错开,让它错开. Only when the pins are aligned and they're rotated to the correct position, are these pins is the lock allowed to open. What can we learn? 我们可以从中国的锁学到什么东西? What can we learn? 一, think outside the box. 打开晃晃的想法,这个,就说,别按照别人做的方式做,按照你自己的方式做, 想得开一点,想得不同的方式,想到没人想得到的东西. When you're designing a lock, think of ways that people have never thought of before. Think of design new ways, design better ways, design, think outside the box. 二, sometimes the simplest solutions are best. 有的时候最简单的,当然是最好的,你做复杂了,有的时候就会出问题, sometimes when you make it too complicated, there will be problems. 但是最简单的,是最好的. If one thing doesn't work, add more of it and it might work. 如果一样东西不好用,那多加一点,很可能就可以好用了. 感谢我的妈妈和爸爸帮我翻译我这个讲过. 这几个人,too. 好,谢谢. 因为我没有讲这个古董的锁, 可能有人在这觉得我会讲古董的锁,我给大家带了一个超大的一个古董锁. 要是你想要去见我,我会在那个开锁village. 好,谢谢.