 I'm going to very quickly try to share the experience of the CTV and Mozambique on legal, community legal assistance, and we are talking about assistance to rural and very remote communities in the country. And I thought I should start by sharing a little bit of background information on Mozambican legal framework for land governance, which I think it's well known, so I'll not spend a lot of time here. And the reason why I'm starting kids, because I think it's important to know that despite having a very good legal and policy framework for land management, especially in what concerns protection of community land use rights and the promotion of community participation in decisions of a land. The practice shows a very, very worrying scenario in terms that there is a very big pressure of a rural lands you might have heard or noticed that the Mozambique is usually listed as one of the top countries where land grabbing is happening. Large scale land allocations are taking place with many, many problems being caused in rural communities. So understanding why we're having these problems is important. And I mentioned the good legal framework. But I also, the challenges that we're having in implementing the legislation, as you see in this slide, you know, all the mechanisms that were put in place to ensure participatory governance are not adequately being used or implemented. One of the most important mechanisms, for example, is community consultations, meaning that in all decisions of a land, communities should be consulted. And this is a particularly important provision because it really allows, if well implemented, of course, it really allows concerns, interests and priorities of the rural poor to be taken into consideration. But the practice is not really taking place, as we would desire, consultations are not taking place properly. There are other mechanisms such as community land delimitations that are also not taking place adequately. A very low number of community delimitations, for example, so far undertaken in the private community partnerships, which is also another mechanism established in the law are not really taking place. Many of the investments that are being approved and implemented do not really integrate communities' interests and objectives as part of the investments. And the due process is lack of, you know, due process is another challenge. Accountability of public officers is problematic, is not still at a level that should be done and the corporate, social, legal and environmental responsibilities still struggle. You know, there is a tendency of investors to just bypass procedural aspects and ally themselves with the government to ensure that investments are taking place even when the rights of the communities are being jeopardized. And other aspects such as, for example, corruption, institutional weakness, etc. But one of the challenges that I think is worth mentioning is the fact that even if everything else was properly done, the reality is that the level of illiteracy in rural areas is such that it really makes things very difficult. Because of that, lack of information, lack of legal knowledge, lack of access to or lack of knowledge on how to access legal information, access legal services, access to public institutions is a problem for these good legal and policy framework to be adequately implemented. So we, CTV has, you know, recognized that while it's important to work with the government and with the private sector to try and help to improve governance processes on their part, it's also very important to work with the communities themselves and to increase the level of their ability and capacity to participate in decision making processes. So working with other institutions, for example, such as the Center for Legal and Judiciary Training, realized that there was a very important program that was being implemented, which was a program for training paralegals coming from all parts of the country and all from different sectors. And first, I think it's worth recognizing an effort that was undertaken by the government itself to provide information and training to local level people. So this training, paralegals training was actually done by the government, and in this process that lasted around eight, eight years, more than 700 paralegals were trained coming from local government institutions, coming from civil society organizations, including community-based organizations, and also from, you know, more urban-based organizations. So it was a large number of paralegals that were trained. But although it was positive that we had this mass of people with a legal knowledge, one of the some challenges we encountered and one of these challenges was the fact that many of these paralegals, especially those coming from community areas, did not have the institutional linkage very, very clearly established. They would be sent to the training and then returned back to their communities and not provide the services that they were expected to provide because there was not a clarity in the communities of origin of what, you know, how they should be used and how, to whom they should respond and how they should be integrated in the institution existing in the communities. So we found that many, in many situations, paralegals would go back to their communities and they would just stay there and not, you know, undertaking their work. Another aspect related to institutional linkages was the fact that by nature paralegals are people that have, you know, a basic training on legal issues. And because of this, they necessarily need to be linked to more qualified staff or institutions that can help them complement their work by bringing in trained lawyers, for example, that can take issues to the government, to the courts or to the parliament, for example. So the linkage between community paralegals and advocacy organizations, for example, such as CTV was not well-established. Unfortunately, the Center for Legal and Judiciary Training stopped its work in 2010. So there was, you know, a threat that this process was going to be stopped unless somebody or some institution was ready to jump in and continue with the work, which is what CTV decided to do. And one of the first things that CTV did was to update information on the paralegals that were still working, knowing where they were, what they were doing, how they were positioned in their communities or organizations. And also ensure that they would continue to be trained and updated on the legal framework. You know, in the last, in the last years, many, some new legal instruments were approved, which were not included in the training sessions that some paralegals were involved in. So it was important not only to refresh their knowledge on more older legislation, but also on the new instruments. For example, some of these that I can mention are the guidelines on community consultations that were passed in 2012, as well as the regulation, for example, on community resettlement in the context of land-based investments. So aside from retraining paralegals, we also assisted paralegals to organize themselves in associations at the community provincial and the district levels. We also, you know, joined the process that had already started with the Center for Legal and Judiciary Training to promote the recognition of the paralegals by the government. And adding to that, we thought it was also important to undertake what we call a land campaign, because as I said, lack of legal knowledge on the rural side is a very big concern. So, you know, promoting information campaigns that will take information to the rural areas using various means, including the media was also part of the activities that we decided to implement. And in 2010, the National Consultation Forum on Land was established, and we made a point of participating actively in this platform, especially to bring to the central level the concerns from the rural side. So, in terms of summarizing the work that we've done so far, some of the work that we've done, you see that we have retrained around 170 paralegals in 10 provinces, and the country has 10 provinces, which means that we've managed to work with the paralegals in the whole country. We supported these paralegals, you know, organizing community sessions on legal issues in many districts involving a lot of people. We supported the creation and operation of provincial paralegal associations and two district associations. Maybe one of the most outstanding work that we did, and this is related to the topic of this webinar, which is sustainability and scalability, is participating, directly participating in community consultations or at the community level in areas as remote as the district of Palma in the northern part of the country where the legalized natural gas project is being implemented. So taking a lawyer from Maputo to support a paralegal in Palma, which is 3,000 miles away from Maputo, has many, many implications that I'll talk about a bit later. Other activities that we did was to contribute to regulatory processes participating in the community land forum, as I said, and organizing the first national paralegals conference in 2013, which had as one of the main objectives to promote the recognition of paralegals. And it was a very important meeting attended by high level government officers and by paralegals from all over the country, which brought to the issue of the needs to provide the legal assistance at the rural side to the agenda of the debates in the country. Now, what are the challenges again? You know, having paralegals, although the centers program was a government led program, it was not everybody in government that recognized the needs for paralegals and recognize their work. So we had before and we still have to do a lot of work to, you know, promote the usefulness and the importance of paralegals participation, especially at the local government level. So this is an ongoing work. There is recognition at the central level, but as we move down to the local level, we still encounter problems in terms of acceptance of paralegals work. And I mentioned also that paralegals in many cases do not have their affiliation to the communities very clearly established. So this is something that we still continue to work on. We're making some progress. I think that the paralegals that were retrained have now that component also clarified, which makes a very big difference. The other challenge has to do with the profile of the paralegals. And I mentioned the low level of literacy in rural areas, but we have to recognize that it's not just a matter of knowing how to write and read. It's also important to assert the social recognition that a paralegal has in the community that he has integrated so he's located. So we have to produce design training training programs that allow people, for example, that are not literate to also participate. And so designing training programs that bring everybody together and provide opportunities for everybody is not easy. The other challenge of course is financial resource. How do you ensure that their resources not only for the qualified advocates in Maputo to do their work in supporting paralegals, but also for the local level, for legal themselves to respond to the demand for their services that comes from poor and very remote areas. So the issue of financial resources is important for all levels of legal assistance that we have at the central level in Maputo at the provincial level at district level and at the community level. So ensuring that there are enough resources to support organizations in all these levels is very important. There are other challenges, for example, which in the fact that, you know, some paralegals are trained integrated in an NGO or coming from a community. And suddenly they are taken away by other institutions and they stop working for the groups that they were expected to provide assistance. So, well, this is something that it's very difficult to address and to prevent. You know, there's mobility, people move around. So the issue of sustainability also has to do with the fact that people change their minds, people move around, people have other choices. So what are the opportunities that we see? I am going to use a different slide because I took some time to improve a little bit the information that I had in terms of the topic of this webinar. In terms of sustainability, for example, I mentioned political legitimacy, qualifications, financial resources, trying to prevent or reduce mobility and co-option by the private sector, for example. In terms of scalability, I think that it is, at least in the case of Mozambique, it's important to ensure that it's not only one organization that tries to do any means work like this in the country. So it's important that we identify and bring in other organizations in the country that are highly qualified in terms of legal knowledge so that the burden is not put only on one institution. So ensuring that the CTV and other organizations, for example, like the Human Rights League or the Women's Forum have also this capacity to train and to support and to monitor paralegals and to provide legal assistance is very important. Starting from the less complicated to the more sophisticated scalability options, I think that, for example, expanding the land campaign using different media and other instruments would be one of the priority. It's important to take information urgently, you know, the pressures on the rural side are taking place today so we can't afford to wait until we have a lot of money to send the lawyers to all over the country. So we can use other options and I think that the land campaign provides a good opportunity to ensure that information reaches the rural area with not so high financial costs. It's also important to continue training paralegals. The 700 or so paralegals that we're trained are still a very reduced number in comparison to the amount of paralegals that we really need in the whole country. So it's important to continue these training activities. Promote using other opportunities and partnerships, other interventions, for example, you may know that we have a very important intervention which is related to the limitation of community lands. So in the process of delimiting community lands for to formalize their rights of a land that they occupy, we find very good opportunities for legal assistance, very good opportunities for advocacy that can be used. So our idea is to use community land delimitation processes as processes for provision of legal advice and and advocacy as well. There is a program called community land initiative. That it's conducting community land delimitations and we are partners with this program and our mandate is to ensure that the legal assistance is provided to communities that are being benefited by this that this program. Other options is to, as we move forward by establishing community association, paralegal associations at the district and the community level, especially, we think that support should be directed. To this, to this level, it's important to support CTV in Maputo, for example, but I think it's more important. Even more important to support the community association of paralegals that exist in Palma or Matisse district or supported the district paralegals association. We have to reduce the dependence that these associations have to with regards to Maputo based organizations. We also need to mobilize resources to ensure that, as I said, the qualified advocacy work is constantly available for paralegals that exist in the country. It's a very complicated process. It's a very massive amount of work. It will take time to increase the level of legal knowledge in the rural areas, but we have to start from somewhere. And this is what we are doing and this is what we are promoting. And I think this is all from my side. Thank you.