 Hello everyone. Welcome for this brand new part of our Twin in Week. Let me share my screen. So to start, this is a new module in this Twin Week. We did not cover Hydrogen before for the simple reason that we were not working as the energy data center of the IA on Hydrogen data collection. And this is now the case thanks to our partners from the UN and especially from Eurostat with whom we have been developing for the last year a brand new annual energy questionnaire we got in Hydrogen and that this questionnaire will be used for this data cycle for the first time. So all of this is current development and especially in the methodology. We are developing a new methodology and new points for this new, those new technologies that I imagine. Not everything is as ready as we would like to and there will be development in the next two, three years with new version of those questionnaire. So if you have questions, do not hesitate to ask them. And if you're interested, we have a specific mail address now so that you can ask us things. But to start, let's start with some key hydrogen trends first. So as I was telling you, we are starting as the energy data center to work on hydrogen, but the IA itself did not start just this year to work on this. Actually our colleagues, our analyst colleagues worked on this subject for several years now. And when we were preparing this presentation, they released their new version of the Global Hydrogen Review, which is an extensive and free report on the current state of hydrogen technologies and development. So not all of the data are the most up to date in this presentation, but I really suggest that you check also this report that is very extensive and very well written by our colleagues. I will show it to you at the end of the presentation. So some key hydrogen trends. So hydrogen is widely recognized now as an important option for climate change tackling and for the new policies implemented by most of the countries for their objectives to reach net zero emission by 2015. In many countries, it implies the implementation of new hydrogen technologies. Those technologies are pretty large in terms of covering from the energy sources for hydrogen or for the uses of hydrogen in transport or industries, low level, low energy industries or high level energy industries, such as iron and steel. But for now, it's important also to keep in mind that all of those technologies are really in project phase or development and hydrogen is not as wide as it could be right now. That's why also we started in advance to prepare questionnaires to tackle and collect the data because we need to monitor how those technologies evolve and what real impact they would have. Many industries and presidents hope that hydrogen will help decarbonize much of the human activities without changing too much the way of life energy users. And the difficulty being that hydrogen is a fuel that has many different type of sources and shape and at the same time is produced and used in many different industries. So new methodologies were needed to be put in place to work on this. Current demand for hydrogen is around 96 millions of tons in 2022 for hydrogen and most of them were in industries and refining, which are the traditional uses of hydrogen. Hydrogen being either a co-production of natural gas to produce ammonia and be used as fertilizers or by products of all refining that is reused immediately in the refining process. Just to the horizon of 2030, it is expected to see at least a third of this huge be moved toward other uses than industries refining to see new development for the need, especially in transport and power generation. All of those are supported right now by ambitious policies and new development by many industrial actors. Unfortunately for now, hydrogen is not a clean fuel. Low energy emission of hydrogen as of 2022 is very partial because most of the hydrogen right now is produced from natural gas in the production of ammonia, which is not a CO2 free process. But especially with the help of electrolyzers, it is hoped that hydrogen could become a far more cleaner fuel and far more useful fuel for energy production in the in the industries. And technologies are developing fast because between 2021, 2022 and 2023, the electrolyzer manufacturing capacity has been increased almost two by two on all those years, especially led by China and Europe. Even if in Europe in 2022, 2023, the production was a little bit slowed down because of the current political and war issues in the eastern borders. But it is expected to see this production of electrolyzers to grow exponentially by the horizon on 2015, leading to inner hydrogen being produced. And it's not only a question of production and and demand. It's also, if it is also a pro-European community that is expected to be traded, it's changed through the world. There have been a few experiments right now happening between Australia and Japan, organizing some important spots of hydrogen between two experimented on this. And also much of the hydrogen right now is being traded through pipelines or in the form of ammonia, which is another component, which is just a little bit later on this. So we got into our methodical concept and just checking the questions to see what they are. All right, so may I ask the presentation during the Q&A, but please use the meeting chat to ask your questions. It will be useful to write later. So regarding the key concept, so first definition of what we call hydrogen or what are the flow that will be covering. So hydrogen. Hydrogen is the gas, or less, none.6, but highly combustible, which is one of the, its key technical difficulties right now is that there is a fear of explosion and burning with this fuel, which is highly volatile on that. But at the same time, it is highly energy dense. It's a good energy carrier. And the unit of measure is usually teradol, that for natural gas, we prefer to use the energy content compared to the volume of the mass, which can vary depending on the conditions in which you store the gas. And we are considering in our questionnaire right now a gas purity that is at least of 98%. We chose this value because according to most of our analysts, a gas that will be at a lesser level of purity will not be useful or interesting for most of the industries or the energy users. So that's why we focused on the assumption that we have when we talk about hydrogen, it is this gas of 98% purity. We try to cover all forms of hydrogen that have been produced. So it's an intentional production or byproducts of another activity. And it's a little sometimes that there can be a byproducts of refining activity. We want to cover this element also. We are focusing in this new questionnaire on either energy use or non-energy use because as this is, as those are new technologies being unfolded, it is important for us to capture and cover all of the data right now and try to estimate and assess what are the actual interesting or useful flows and production to be followed. So we need to cover most of them. And we are not doing any distinction in the questionnaire to what we could call sometimes the clean hydrogen or green hydrogen or brown hydrogen. There's a lot of definition used by lots of analysts and industries. As I told you, we want to cover all of them. What we are not covering is the presence of hydrogen in other compounds with three major exceptions that I will detail later. And we are not interested in the intermediary products, which means that if hydrogen is present in just in an intermediary chemical component between the transformation of two fuels, we don't want to cover that. We want it as an output, a usable output if you want, of a reaction or an activity. The other compounds that will be monitoring in the questionnaire are ammonia and what we group under the name of if fuels. So ammonia is another chemical component with nitrogen and three hydrogen molecules. It is mostly present as a solid form. And it's a community already. It's changed at a worldwide level. Its application mostly being in non-energy use for chemical fertilizer production and etc. It has many intelligence with hydrogen, especially it is considered as one of the safest transport ways for hydrogen through boats or in other means. So that's why we want to do it. If fuels are another new technology being unfolded right now, but not exactly defined in methodical terms yet. But that's what we include most of the fuel that are the results of a reaction between CO2 or carbon monoxide with hydrogen to produce liquid or solid fuels. And in this we also include RFNBOs, which are the type of synthetic fuel you produce from biological sources. This is all linked. We are currently working on a revision of the classification of energy products, which will include more definition of both. So this will come out at some point to be introduced in reverse too. The structure of this new energy balance with both three main categories of fuels will be roughly the same as what you will see or you have already seen for the other energy communities with a supply part, a demand part, and in between the statistical differences. The main differences would be that in the production we have different sources possible than what you can find in the other questionnaires. And also there will be a very important part of the transformation sector because of the interaction of hydrogen with refinery activities, petrochemical sectors, and some other transformations that can occur. We'll see more in detail in a few minutes. So production of hydrogen, we are covering the production from other energy communities, so production from natural gas, primary and secondary oil, coal products, or renewable and non-renewable waste. For example, this can be the product or byproduct of a lot of different chemical activities, which are detailed here. I will not try to pronounce them. I know they can be unmouthed. And we are covering the production with or without CCS, CCS being carbon capture and storage, which are new technologies that have been developed and that are right now the main argument. When I'm saying in 2022-2023, many arguments for many hydrogen producers to say that hydrogen is cleaner because its development is in parallel of CCS technologies, which allow a production without too much emissions of CO2. Another part of the energy production can be from electrolysis. So hydrogen can be produced from electrolysis, which is an activity, which is to sum up very roughly, means that you make an electric current circulate through water, and the ionization of the water will produce hydrogen gas. This is a very rough summary of this chemical reaction. Do not quote me on that, but this is roughly what is happening. And in that case, we will try to monitor the sources of the electricity used for this electrolysis activity. That will cover just the use of grid electricity. So that's connected to the overall electricity mix of the country that is hosting the plant. And also sometimes you will have plant facilities that are in direct line, which means DL, you see in this slide, to specific energy sources, renewables, non-negotiables, some other not following that in postcategories. We separated nuclear because of some discussions that are happening at several political levels, especially in Europe, on the classification of nuclear being named low carbon emission sources, clean energy sources, non-fossil, non-renewables. It is still in discussion, so we separated nuclear from the rest to be sure to cover everything if needed. For the production of ammonia and e-fuel, so ammonia is mostly produced from fossil fuels, and currently the main source of this is natural gas, so it is more easier to process. And we want to cover all the production that is possible from ammonia. So we will cover in energy and non-energy purpose, especially if it's for data providers, for data providers, it will be hard for them to identify this part of ammonia that I produce will be used for energy purposes, and this won't, most of them cannot process that. So we try to cover all of them. And for issues, its production is expected to be mostly coming from renewables and waste. So that will be where we expect to see most production happening. For the trade, as for other fossil fuels, we are focusing here on the country of origin and destination of the fuel, so we are not interested in transit destination in the reporting. And currently most of the fuel of the H2 trade is done by pipeline anyway, so two countries connected and mixing either pure hydrogen or mixed with natural gas or biogas in a pipeline to transit it. There are few other transportation systems that are used in ammonia and methane situates sand, but those are currently in development and we cannot cover them too much here. Transformation, so I already covered it more with my production part. Hydrogen can be a source from the transformation sector or being used in those transformation sectors for the production of gas, of several ammonia or oil products and of course electricity, windburn, so almost the easiest process to cover here. And also, in refinery, it can be used as a component to produce other oil products for energy and energy purposes, so I tried to leave them here. And if you have doubts, I'm coming to that. We have already published with a partner from your start reporting instructions where you will find most of the definition of what is covered and not covered with this new questionnaire. I think I'm already reaching the end of the time I had to present you. When you will see the slide, when you will see them, you will have here most of the presentation of the different tables in this new energy questionnaire and how we fill them. Currently, it is not yet available on the website. We are still working to finalize it and it should be available hopefully in a few weeks on the website, but the instructions are already out, so you should be able to consult them if you want. Just to sum up briefly the current questionnaire, we have the first table on indigenous production, so taking into account all I've told you before, transformation, energy sector and losses, which will cover all of those, keeping in mind that losses would include the transmission, the distribution, and the transformation losses. So we are covering all of those in different items to try to have as much finesse as we can on the data and that keeping in mind also that we are currently working on another project of revision of the petrochemical sector reporting on the data, which would clarify much in the coming years. So another development that is coming on those data. Final energy consumption is pretty straightforward. It's said that we are covering energy and non-energy use here, and I told you we are going to see what are the uses of those new technologies, so that's why we are covering most of those uses and that will be it.