 Sicie. Thank you very much for the introduction and it akioro kato everybody. Barry asked me to focus on a low-carbon city and so that's what I'm going to do. I just want to relate that to a sustainable city because each one of us will have an idea of what sustainability is but for me, a sustainable city is one that takes an informed and intelligent along term collaborative approach to economic social and environmental challenges. I'm not going to argue climate change, as Barry said there's always 2% knife says in the audience, so I'll just accept climate change, and I'll accept the challenge that we need to reduce carbon emissions. Now, our research of the energy centre has shown that we can meet our obligations, our national target of 90 per cent, from renewable sources of electricity by 2025. So that's quite durable. Other countries that I've been working with, they've struggled to reach 10 or 20 per cent so we're doing okay in that respect. maesa wirun highest rates of the lights and no matter what the situation is, Parvaik 제artcher maulau byr your time is more important because the change of trades involves working towards with representatives ahead of tomorrow. Ryf weda i outfit i almitzi bandas i kiO panlleak iari i kimou reto nato susian nai mèr kaibyn ni R everything ko�a? Miara ma puppy kiA bal pagi others have and link transport with urban design and economic growth. So what steps can Auckland take, what steps can Auckland Council take, what steps can Auckland business for profit, non-profit and the community take to address the transport challenge. Now, counselling to me in a very simple level has two major instruments that can use urban planning, urban design and it can invest in infrastructure. So those are the tools, the two major tools that it has. Now urban planning is significant. Intensification as proposed by the unitary plan, whether you agree with that or not, has benefits. So we could imagine greater use of public transport, we could associate with that might be lower CO2 emissions and the saving and transportation costs. So those that might be some of the benefits. The local economy might benefit from the agglomeration benefits. So businesses are working closely together and the community itself I think as Vivas illustrated here can derive numerous social benefits from a sense of place. But there are no free lunches in a world of scarcity and we need to be aware of the impacts of intensification on our natural capital, the place that we have that we call Auckland. So for example, biodiversity has been found to decrease as a percentage of impervious area increases in the city. Now furthermore in association with urban growth and Michael mentioned the abuse that we visited upon the harbour earlier, we find elevated concentrations of lead, of zinc and of copper and cores taken from it in a harbour. And these are the legacies that we have to deal with going forward. Now lower water quality here enters the food chain. It impacts the functioning of our ecosystems. Now careful urban design here can, such as urban riparian planting and green spaces can reduce the adverse effects of intensification. Turning to economic growth, I see economic growth as being essential for achieving a sustainable city. Auckland accounts for about 30% of NZ's GDP and it is dominated by the services sector. Going forward Auckland's contribution is not going to change, in fact it's likely to increase with the growth that's projected for Auckland. So this underpins I think the importance of profitable business for sustainable growth. With the digital economy here, we will see new business models emerge. New business models based on lower transaction costs, lower coordination costs and improved productivity. Future proofing urban development and planning that supports innovation and growth will contribute to both emission reductions and to profitable business. Turning to investment, a really good example, a recent example I think, has been the benefits of rail electrification in Auckland. It has reduced CO2 emissions by 82% over a period when ridership has increased. So that's one of the benefits associated with investment. Now investment in transport infrastructure will surely lower congestion levels for a time but what the data show is that eventually as the city grows, congestion will again increase. So we're going to be dealing with it again in 10 or 20 years' time. But what about the notion of a smart city? Now some of you might be aware of Singapore's plan to have a fully automated electric vehicles in the city by 2030. So fossil fuel and burning cars are going to be gone so you'll be getting into an electric vehicle until it where you want to go and it'll take you there. So let me just offer a few thoughts about a smart city. Smart buildings for an example here. The work that we've done with Genesis Energy shows that households can reduce their electricity consumption by around 18% by using smart technology in the household. So that's a demand side innovation that contributes to the reduction of CO2 emissions. Turning to solar, we're completing a study of Auckland solar potential in collaboration with Auckland Council and as was mentioned earlier, I think Rob mentioned that the council has a target of powering 170,000 homes by solar. Now solar brings a potential of reducing energy consumption from households but achieving this target is going to require collaboration with the energy sector and particularly the lines companies in order to achieve these targets. So this is an example of supply side innovation that can contribute to lower CO2 emissions. So I see both council and business playing a role in the development of a low carbon city. Now turn to local elections and I don't want to enter into politics here but local elections are imminent and we're moving into an era of the unitary plan and also the legacy associated with earlier councils. And I want to highlight the concern that I have with democracy at the local level here. Voter turnout in the general election is around 60-70% of eligible voters. So that's the general election. Now turning to the local election, the turnout here has fallen from 50% down to 36% in 2013. So 36% of our eligible voters in local elections is national here in Auckland. Here turn out to vote. And importantly I think only 33% of those in the 18-25 age group vote. Now by way of contrast as you go up the age, go up with ages here, you find that 80% of the people in their 50s, 60s and 70s don't have to vote. So the question that I have is that why has voter turnout in local elections declined and are eligible voters connected in any way with the outcomes of council policy and plans? And does council know, for example, what is important to our younger co-court because these are the people that are going to inherit the decisions that we are making today. So to follow on that line of thought, the digital age creates an opportunity for smart governance. Smart governance through the use of technology, digital technology enables the community to participate in policy that is guided by data that is captured by smart technology. And so in order to achieve the outcomes of a sustainable city, council will need to know its community and their concerns better and maybe that will lift their participation in these local elections. Thank you.