 okay hello how are you good afternoon the first thing I would like to start doing today is I would like to tell me what you did during the weekend can you please tell me what you did in the weekend yeah beautiful the tree this is a Saturday in the morning Saturday evening I went to the cinema with my daughter and my wife Sunday Okay, all right and Maria, what did you do during the weekend? There is a mountain between France, near France, sorry, it's a very beautiful place I want in a train, to climb the mountain and then I go down, went down, walking and you can see every mountains of Venice and the sea. It's a very small village, in the mountains, there is only two houses and the train. Yes, very beautiful. The sights are beautiful. Now what we are going to do is play a memory game. I'm going to explain to you what this game consists of. One person has to say something, Maria says something that she did yesterday and then you have to remember what she said and then say something that you did. Then Maria you have to say what you did, what she did and what you did again. I'll give you an example. Imagine I say yesterday I went to the park. So then Maria would say yesterday Ivan went to the park and I read a book for example. Maria would have to say yesterday Ivan went to the park, Maria read a book and I, as much as we can remember, okay? No, that would be a cheating, that would be cheating. Only the mind, exactly. So yesterday I ate pizza. Yesterday Ivan ate pizza and I went to the park to work in the garden. Okay, yesterday Ivan ate pizza and Maria went to work around the garden. And yesterday I went to the salar to see Osasuna Max. Okay, now it gets more difficult for me. So yesterday I ate pizza, Maria went to work at the Arga River. Javier went to see the football match at the salar and I listened to music. Okay. All yours, Maria. Yesterday Ivan ate pizza and listened to music. I went to work at the Arga River and I went to the supermarket to buy everything for the week. I went to the, yeah, to the, only, you went to Osasuna, to watch Osasuna Max only. Only. In summer. In summer. Nothing more. Okay. Yesterday Ivan ate pizza. I don't remember. Went to, sorry, listening to music. Maria went to work around the Arga River and went to the market. And I went to the salar to see Osasuna and after that I drink a beer with my friends. Okay, very good. You have good memory. Okay, very good memory. Okay, so it sounds like you had a very exciting weekend, right? Yes. Okay, very good. We're going to focus now on our verb tense. Which verb tense are we going to focus on? The present perfect continuous. Okay. The present perfect. The present perfect continuous can have different structures, different structures depending on the form. Okay. Can have different structures depending on the form. So, for example, we say, for example, what would be the affirmative form? The affirmative form of this verb tense. What would it be? Let's see. In a sentence, okay, using the present perfect continuous, which would be the first element in the structure of this verb tense? Yes. Yeah, first we will start with the subject, right? What would come then? What would come after the subject? Verb to be in the form. Exactly. So, we will have the verb to be, but in a, so we're going to have, we're going to use a different tense. So, in this case, I have to say have, what would come after have? Not yet. Not yet. So, have been, have been plus, plus the verb in ING, right? The verb in ING. Then, we would have, what would be the negative form? The negative form. How would we form this sentence in the negative form? It's the same, but is there a happy feeling that it's not having... Exactly, so, exactly. So, we say, we would use the subject plus not or haven't in a contract, in what would be the contracted form. Have not or haven't been, exactly, plus. The verb in ING. Exactly. What's the verb in ING? Exactly. And finally, what would be the question? So, how would we, how would we write the present perfect continuous structure using the question form? Exactly. Very good. First have, and then? Subject. And the subject? Very good. Been? Exactly. Plus the verb ING. Very good. So, okay. We have these three different forms, right? Let's take, first, using the affirmative form. Can you think of a sentence, any sentence, using the affirmative form of the present perfect continuous? On stage. Yeah. For example, let's see, I have been working, okay? To make it more simple. Okay? For example, how would we convert this into the negative? I have not been. And finally, the question? Have I been working? Have I been working? Very good. So, now what we are going to do, real quickly, is we're going to, we're going to conjugate these sentences. So, I have been working, you know, like to conjugate I, you, he, and so on. So, I have been working. You have been working? Exactly. So, you have been working, very good? Exactly. He or she has, careful here, been working. What would come then? We. We? Exactly. We've been working and? And yeah, yeah, yeah. So, we'll go with the they. Okay. They have been working. Okay. And with, I have not been working? Exactly. So, you have not been working? Exactly. He or she hasn't been working? We haven't been working? Exactly. Been working? Exactly. They haven't been. And finally, we wrote the question. Let's conjugate the question so we would have. Have I been working? Have you been working? Exactly. Been working? He or she, no, now sorry. Has he or she been working? Very good. Very good. Has he or she been working? Now? Have we? Exactly. Working? Exactly. We've been working and? Finally? Have they been working? Exactly. Very good. Have they been working? Okay. So now? Okay. So now, what we are going to do is, Javier, when do you think, when do you think we, when do you think we use the present perfect continuous? So let's write usages. Okay. When? In which situations do you think that we use the present perfect continuous? When you are describing an action that now is enough. Exactly. So basically? It was in the past, but now you see not this action. Exactly. So basically what we are going to do is to communicate an incomplete, ongoing activity. Okay. So here, Maria, we are analyzing the usages of the present perfect continuous. In which situations we can use them? Okay. We have to communicate an incomplete ongoing activity or have another situation. A recent past activity. Almost. So a recently finished activity. Exactly. So we will have a recently, exactly, a recently finished and important uninterrupted activity and also very important that has present results. It has results in this exact moment with present results. Okay. Present. Exactly. It's important to remember. It's important to remember that there are some verbs that do not take the ing form. For example, do you think it's correct to say, I am loving my sister? Is that correct? No. Do you think it's correct to say, I am liking my sandwich? No. So there are some verbs that are never going to take the ing form. So what I'm going to do now is I'm going to provide you with a list of verbs that do not take the ing form. Okay. Just so that you can remember that sometimes when we are using certain verbs, we cannot use the ing, the continuous form with those verbs. Okay. Now what we are going to do is we're going to do an activity in which we are going to build present perfect continuous sentences. I'm going to give you an example. Okay. So imagine we have. Okay. So imagine we have, for example, she in brackets, the verb study English for five years. Okay. So we can complete the sentence converting this verb in brackets into the present perfect continuous. Okay. So how could we do this? Which would be the way in which we can complete this sentence? She has been studying. Exactly. She has been studying. She has been studying English for five years. This is the first exercise that we have done as an example of what I would like you to do now. Okay. So let's say, for example, four minutes. Okay. Try to complete this using the present building present perfect continuous. Okay. Sentences. And then we can correct them. Right. Yes. Yes. Only present perfect continuous. Okay. Okay. So we say, we have, she study English for five years. How would we build this sentence, Maria? She has been studying English for five years. Very good. A Javier, please. Peter has been coming here every year since 1989. Very good. Maria, please. She has been teaching our group for two years. Exactly. Very good. Javier, please. How long have you been waiting here? Very good. Very good. How long have you been waiting here? Number five, please, Maria. Has he been studying a lot for his exam? Very good. Has he been studying a lot for his exams? Number six, Javier, please. It has been raining for over two hours. Very good. It has been raining for over two hours. Maria, please. I have been writing the report for five days. Very good. I have been writing this report for five days. Javier, please. Mr. Brown has been working in this office for two years. Very good. Mr. Brown has been working in this office for two years. Maria, please. My dog hasn't been eating properly. I must take him to the vet. Very good. My dog has not been eating properly. Or my dog hasn't been eating properly. Very good. Javier, please. Jane has been lying in the sun for too long. Very good. Jane has been lying in the sun for too long. Exactly. Maria, please. I have been trying to stop smoking since 1985. Very good. I have been trying to stop smoking since 1985. And the last one, Javier, please. Okay. She has not been sleeping well during the last couple of weeks. Very good. She has not been sleeping well during the last couple of weeks. Okay. Now we're going to make it a little more complicated. And it's important to distinguish present perfect continuous from present perfect simple. Remember, do you remember the structure via the present perfect simple? Do you remember? Present perfect simple. So we will have the subject, right? Subject plus exactly plus have exactly plus the past participle. Very good. And so the affirmative and then the negative subject plus have not plus past participle. Very good. And finally the question. Exactly. Have plus the subject. Very good. So why is it important to distinguish, to distinguish present perfect continuous from present perfect simple? Basically, we, there's a question, a question that we need to ask each other. So we have an ongoing action, a continuous action on the one hand. And we also have a result on the other hand. Okay. Two different ideas. Ongoing action or result. In the present perfect continuous, what do you think the emphasis is? In the ongoing action or in the final result? Exactly. In the ongoing action, in the continuous action. However, in the present perfect simple, where is the emphasis? In the result. You see it, right? Yes. Imagine for example if I say, can you think of a sentence in the present perfect simple? The rotary. I have won the lottery. Okay. Now this is a situation in which you could not use the continuous form. Not the ING. You cannot say, I have been winning the lottery. So win is a verb that you cannot use with ING. I have been winning the lottery. You either win it or not win it, but you cannot be winning it. You see? So for example, if I say, I have read a book. I have read a book or I have been reading a book. If I say, I have been reading the book, the emphasis is in the continuous action. However, if I say, I have read the book, the ongoing action is not relevant. What's relevant is the final result. So the activity that we are going to do now, it's similar to the one we have just done, but there's a difference. Now you are going to, so you're going to fill in the gaps with verbs and brackets, but now you're going to have to choose between present perfect simple, present perfect continuous. So for example, if I say, for example, if I say, so we have how long space Jerry and the question, and we have to use, we have to use the verb no. Now, and the subject, I almost forgot, the subject would be you, okay? You. So we have a subject, you and verb no. So how would we have to use the present perfect simple or present perfect continuous verb tense in this case? A person is an ex. Exactly, exactly. You cannot be, you cannot be knowing somebody, right? Okay. So we will have to say, how long have you known Jerry, right? We'll say, how long have you known Jerry, all right? So this would be the first exercise, and the photocopy I'm going to give you now, okay? So we're going to have one for you over here, and another one for Javier over here, okay? All right. Very good. So let's see. And Maria, can you do the first one, please? How long have you known Jerry? Very good. How long have you known Jerry? Javier, please. You look dirty. What have you been doing all the time? Very good. What have you been, what have you been doing all the time? Maria, please. How many times have Charles visit New York? How many, can you repeat, please? How many times has Charles visit New York? Okay. So let's see. Let's analyze your sentence. You have said it? Yes, because if I put how long the verb is as an affirmative sentence or no. So you have said it. You're using present perfect simple, right? Yes. Yes. So if you say how many times, you have said how many times has Charles visit, right? Yes. So there's something wrong about visit. Visited. Visited. Exactly. Oh, sorry. Oh, okay. Okay, no, no, no, no problem. Okay, okay, no problem. Okay. All right. Very good. Very good. Okay, Javier, the next one, please. Learning French works for hours, but CST doesn't remember all of them. Very good. She has been learning French words for hours, but she still doesn't remember all of them. Maria, please. The children have been watching videos for two hours. So the children has been watching videos for two hours? I'm not sure. So it's present perfect continuous. That's correct. Yes, but it depends, because if now they don't see the videos now, it's with present perfect simple or not. No, but it says for two hours. So that's indicating a continuous activity. Okay. Now be careful, because you have said the children has been watching. What exactly have exactly? So they have. I don't know. Because are you all right? Oh, you've written half. Oh, okay. Okay. All right. Oh, so maybe it's that I didn't hear correctly. Okay. Very good. Very good. Okay, Maria. Very good. Javier, please. He's been studying hard today. Has he been studying hard today? Very good. Maria, please. He has never smoked. My father has never smoked. Javier, can you help her? My father has never smoked. Smoked. It's a regular verb. Okay. So it's a regular verb and then an ED. Okay. So smoked, smoked. Okay. So the past participle of smoke is smoked. Okay. Okay. Very good. Okay. Javier, please. Sorry. I'm late. Have you been waiting for long? Sorry. I'm late. Have you been waiting for long? Very good. And Maria, please. We haven't seen Lisa recently. Very good. We haven't seen Lisa recently. And the last one, Javier, please. He has been writing on his essay all day, but he has not finished yet. Very good. The first one in present perfect continues, and the next one in present perfect simple. He has been writing on his essay all day, but he has not finished yet. Okay. What are we going to do now? We're going to do a little game in which each of you is going to have a little piece, a little piece of paper, okay? You're going to have a little piece of paper. I'm going to explain to you, okay? Let's see. Over here. All right. Okay. So you're going to have a piece of paper, and in this piece of paper, you are going to have two sentences. One of the sentences is something you have been, it's a sentence in the present perfect continues, and the other sentence is a result. Okay? You take the paper, and you are only going to say the result, not the present perfect continuous sentence. And when you say the result, the other person has to try to guess what the present perfect continuous tense is. I'm going to give you an example. Imagine, imagine I take a piece of paper that says, for example, I have been doing exercise, present perfect continuous tense, and I am sweaty. You know what sweaty is? Sweaty. When you do a lot of exercise and you start, you know? So that's sweaty. Okay? So I would only say I am sweaty. I would not say I have been doing exercise. So you would have to ask me. Okay. Which question would you ask me? If I say I am sweaty, which question would you ask me? Which question? For example, have you been doing a lot of exercise? Have you been working hard? Have you been working hard, for example? Have you been going to a gym? Exactly. And then the other person says, yes, I have or no, I haven't. But the person who asks the question has to ask the right question. He has to try to guess. For example, if I take another piece of paper that says, let's see, I am very happy. You know that's a difficult one. You could ask, for example, what could you ask? Have you been... What could we ask? Have you been with the lottery? Yes. Have you been winning the lottery? No, but you couldn't say winning. Winning is playing. Have you been playing? In the lottery path, it's important there is another world to play with. For example, are you very happy? Have you been speaking with a famous actor? For example, have you been speaking with a famous actor? Very good. So you understand? So now I'm going to get first Javier, your piece of paper over here. And remember, you read the result and Maria has to try to guess what it is that you have been doing. I have been launching a lot. There are tears in my eyes. Okay, so now... I have been launching. But now you have told her that... I have been launching a lot. There are tears in my eyes. Okay, so in this case you would only have to say there are tears in my eyes. You can't say I have been laughing a lot because now Maria knows what you have been doing. Only this, only the result. No, no, it's okay, I have more papers. Okay, so Javier had a piece of paper that says... Yeah, you see? We have to say only this. Ah, okay, okay, yes. Okay, so here we have the present perfect continuous sentence and here we have the result. So you only say the result, the second one, okay? Okay, here we go Javier, let's see. Only this one, okay? I have a hangover. Hangover. Hangover. We're learning vocabulary as well. Yes. We're learning vocabulary. You know what hangover is? No, hangover. We are young, it's very common on Sundays. What? When we were young and go out... When we were young, I usually, all the young people have usually have hungover on Sunday in the morning. Imagine, it's a Juevincho, imagine. It's a very, you know, you're out until five o'clock, five o'clock in the morning, you know, and with your friends. And the next day you are like, Oh my God, that's a hangover. You know what a hangover is? Okay. Okay? Okay. I have a hangover. Are you being watched in a football match? But after that, I went with my friends to drink a beer, another drink, another beer. Exactly. Are you doing a lot of purchase sites or going to a gym or... A hangover? Yes, I don't know. Or... Have you been listening or watching? Not today. Not today. No. Not today. Hangover is when you drink, hangover. Yes. One more time the beer. Watch a football, hangover. But it depends if you drink Pachalán, for example. Yes. Pachalán. And people... What has Javier been doing? What has he been doing? Going to drink a... Javier, have you... Have you been going to a party or... Yes. Yes. I'm too old now. Very good. So Javier has been partying. Very good. There you go. All night. All night. Now it's impossible. This one's for you now, Maria. You are wet. I am wet. W-E-T. Exactly. Swimming on the right view. Not having. Very difficult. I have to... This is not personal. Have you been working... It has started to rain? Yes. It's not exactly what it says, but it's more relaxed. It's the same. I have been standing in the rain. She has been standing in the rain. Very good. Difficult to be... Javier. What's the problem? What's the situation? Very well. I have lost weight. I don't understand. Let's see how can we explain to Maria what weight is. Weight is... You want to... For example, you take a mobile phone. Javier, how much does the mobile phone weight? And you say, well, it weights 5 kg. Not too much. 5 kg. I have lost weight. Have you been doing a lot of exercise? Very good. Okay, Maria. Okay, all right. I'm thinking the full day. Okay, Maria, please. My back hurts. My back hurts. You know what, when your back hurts, you know what that means? My back... Hurts. Hurts. When something hurts, it's like... Or when your arm hurts, it's like... Or when your ear hurts, it's like... Have you been... When something... The verb to hurt, okay? Picking up. Many boxes. No, no. No. Have you been playing... Playing with your... With your daughter? Do you have a daughter, Maria? No. Oh, she doesn't have a daughter. Yes, of course. Of course. I don't remember it. Four or five. Four. Have you been... Working a lot? In the factory? Yes, but... Yes. But it's not in the paper. No, just back. If you want, you can mime the action. To mime the action, like to... To let him know what you have been doing. To mime... To mime is like... Yes. Yeah. I'm here. I'm here. No? Yes, exactly. Exactly, yes. I'm sitting all day. Exactly. No? Let's wait a little bit for Javier to see if he comes back. Okay? So, Maria, you can tell Javier what you have been doing. It's like... I expect it. Yes. I like... now, but every day. Yes. Okay. Ah! Have you been... sitting all day? Every day? Or have you been... Yes, I have been sitting down all day. Very good. It's difficult. Very good. And finally... Very good. And finally, the last activity we are going to do... Maria, can I ask you to sit a little more to the right so that I can take the camera a little more over here? Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Here we go. There we go. Perfect. Thank you. The last activity, it's another game. And this game is called What Have You Been Doing Today? What Have You Been Doing? What Have You Been Doing? What Have You Been Doing? What Have You Been Doing? So, in this game, one person, one of you has to mime an action. If you have been listening to music, you would go, don't do that. That would be listening to music. If you have been riding your bicycle, or if you have been reading, you would go like this. That's to mime. Which question could you ask me? Ivan? Exactly. Have you been reading today? So, you can ask a question or you can make an affirmative statement. Ivan has. Ivan has? Has been reading today. So you can either ask the question or make the affirmative statement. So, Javier, please, can you start? Yeah. Let's see. So Javier is going like this. Has been studying. No? Has been studying. Okay. So Javier has been studying today. Very good. Very good, Maria. Now, Maria has turned to mime an action. You've been cleaning. Okay. Very good. So Javier says, Have you been cleaning all the day? Yes. And Maria says, Exactly. Maria has been cleaning all day. Who's turn is it now? Javier, please. Can you mime another action? Have you been for me or speaking my phone? Yes, I have. All the day speaking my phone. Okay. Very good. So, you've mime the action very well. And Maria has guessed. He has been speaking on the phone. Very good. Now, I'm going to mime an action and you have to try to guess, okay? Have you been seen ever today? Interesting, but no. What have I been doing today? Have you been falling in? Have I been falling in? No, no, I have not. Have you been seeing Superman? Almost, but no. Have you been watching a TV or a film? Yes. I've been watching exactly. I have been watching the latest news. Oh, okay, the latest news. The latest news. And it was what's happening exactly. What's happening in Panama? What's happening in Panama? It's so shocking. I've been watching the TV like this because I couldn't believe what I was seeing. Okay? And another action. Let's see. What have I been doing today? Listening music. Yes, exactly. Yes, I have. Exactly. There are many types of music, but that's exactly the music I have been listening to. I have been listening to rock music. Okay, so let me see. Okay, perfect. So that will be all. I'm going to say goodbye. So this has been, I am Ivan. This has been lesson one. And these have been my students. Okay? So I'm just going to have a second.