 OK, so this is really kind of screwed. So let's do it. Can we all just, if you're that side of the screens, just stand up. There's loads of space here. Cos I've got a couple of bits of video to show and when the sun comes out, it's really difficult to see. So we've just come a bit closer. And what we actually have here is not a problem. It's an opportunity to come and meet some other people. Don't hang at the back there. There's loads of fun going on down here. That's it. Just move a little bit closer. OK. No problem. We'll manage one way or another. We'll kind of do it in Braille and I'll describe what's on the screen. Thanks. OK, so you can hear me OK. Thanks very much for doing that. And apologies for the glitch there. So my name's Derek Scaffell. I'm just going to talk about some stuff that I've done trying to do one project and I've kind of deviated off and found one or two other interesting things that have gone on around my house. Just to give you a very, I just want to kind of set the scene here. I know no electronics and I know no electronics because I'm a biologist really. So I do agricultural physiology and crop protection and the bottom left picture here on the screen is kind of corn growing in poly tunnels that we check. And I work with a lot of data to do with experiments that come out of that. So I don't really do electronics by any means. And the other thing that is relevant to this that I've recently been doing is I've been doing some welding. And on the bottom right there again, I'll have to kind of describe it to you. But this is three bottles of beer which I gave to my neighbour's son when he reached 18 years old. But I welded them all into a steel case. So the only way he could get into it was to actually take an angle grinder or a hacksaw to it if he actually wanted a drink of beer. Yes or break the bottle. And it's teasingly made to look as if you can just take the bottle out but actually when you try you find out you can't do it. So my background is I don't really know anything about electronics. And I just became very interested in the Raspberry Pi actually when my son got one for Christmas. He'd asked for one for Christmas. My son's quite old actually. He's 23. And I thought it was very interesting. But Ebon Upton's background and understanding of why we actually needed the Raspberry Pi really resonated with me. I'm definitely from the generation that couldn't afford a BBC Micro but did use one, use friends ones and I did a lot of programming and bits and pieces with that. And I think that I totally understand his statements about understanding that the potential graduates who are applying for courses who actually have an understanding of computer sciences declined and declined and declined in the UK. And that has been a real shame and that's not necessarily going to set us well for the future. It's not really things that are going to build our computer science capabilities in the UK. And with national curriculums being full of Excel, how to do PowerPoint presentations and how to do Excel is not really the thing that's going to push forward the frontiers for us. So I think the Raspberry Pi is just a brilliant, brilliant phenomena that's come about. And I never cease to be amazed by these projects. I mean, everyone knows this one with Babbage the Bear. Sorry, I better describe the picture because you won't be able to see it. The sun's come out. But I'm talking about Babbage the Bear, the project to recreate Felix Baumgartens' jump from outer space but using a teddy bear and a Raspberry Pi. A total budget £300, whereas the NASA budget for Felix Baumgartens' budget was £30 million. But we'll write on one for the open source crowd to actually do that. And the school projects that you see for the Raspberry Pi I think are amazing as well. It's just really great ideas that they come up with cap feeders, pill dispensers, lap timers, sports equipment all powered by Raspberry Pi projects. So I found that really interesting and I tend to try and find little things that I can do around the house. And one of the things, again I'm going to have to describe. I can't believe the sun's come out. It's been cloudy all week. So I'll describe this to you. On the right-hand side here in this blank piece of screen is a pile of builders' debris which has been dumped on a byway near where I live. And a friend of mine is the estate manager for a number of farms around here and this fly tipping that occurs is a real pain. It's a real pain to him because he's the landowner and has to clear all this up. And it's a real pain obviously to the environment. There's poisons and toxins that are in there. In some cases there's asbestos that's left behind and in those particular cases the local authority have to come along and clear it up. But the landowner is the one who is mostly responsible for doing that and it's a real pain. And this happens as soon as spring comes people do house cleanouts, builders become a lot more active and this occurs an awful lot and it's a real nuisance. So this is a kind of a pub conversation that often happens with me on a Friday night talking to friends and say well couldn't we do a Raspberry Pi project to see if we could detect the presence of fly tippers or perhaps capture an image or see if we could recognise them in some way. Our unitary authority where I come from what their response to this is that they will rummage through the debris and if they can find a piece of paper or somewhere of identifying the culprit then the most they will do is write them a letter and say we think you've dropped something would you like to come and pick it up. And my friend who's the local estate manager is now part of a national farm awareness group which has a local meeting that's now chaired by a cantankerous police official who's fairly near to retirement and he's of the opinion if you can just find me any way of identifying who these people are I'll actually just go and arrest them which will be a lot more effective than writing them a letter. So with that as background we think well could we do a Pi project that would help us try and identify who these fly tippers are. Now I'm just going to set expectations now by the end of this talk I'm not going to have identified any fly tippers because this talk is actually how I got slightly distracted from this project doing other things so but you know watch this space and it is actually a little bit of a plea because I have hit a couple of technical difficulties and if there's anyone who knows anyone who can help me it would be really helpful. So first off we figure that if we want to I say we I think it's me and it's anyone who's listening to me at the time in our house or the pub. If you want to detect the presence of someone can we just use ordinary PIR detectors connected to the Pi. So on the left hand side here I've got a picture of these these standard PIR detectors you'd have as in burglar alarms. So if you've got a burglar alarm in your house these are the ones they fit in each room. Now I managed to get hold of eight of these off a free cycle so I'm just doing my usual scare of free cycle looking for stuff to fill my garage with. I noticed somebody said they were moving house and they had eight of these so I just grabbed them I went round picked them up and I had no idea what I was going to use them for. But like many things I just happened to have it kind of lying around when it came became useful. So I had some of these and I thought well this is good. I'll see if I can just kind of hook this up to the Pi and detect movement. Now they are the way they actually work is you have to give them a 12 volt power supply. And I assume that's because burglar alarm systems will run off a 12 volt battery. So you have to feed it a 12 volt supply and then there's an open circuit which you you can just detect the presence of sorry a closed circuit which you can detect the presence the opening of on the Pi using the GPIO port. So I don't program a lot so it's just kind of small little Python scripts I'm doing to test this. So I kind of rigged this up what I did was I ripped the cupboard off of one of our study cupboards. Now my wife is very patient with me but it gave me a big enough board to pull all the pieces out on so I screwed all the pieces down like this. And I connected these these sensors up to some cat 5 cable and some ethernet ports so I could just plug them in and run them out. And that kind of worked and so I thought what I really wanted to do was test it in a real situation. And this was about I guess this must have been a beginning of October last year. So I thought well what I'll do is I'll see if I can detect the presence of children at Halloween coming around our house because Halloween's not like it used to be is it. There's there's a lot more activity now. So I thought well this will be really good I can just see if I can detect kids and I don't know put a bit of sound out or something. So so this was distraction number one. So what I actually did I'll just describe and get this to you again. So I happened to have two stroboscope strobe lights which I picked up from somewhere some years ago. And I thought well wouldn't it be good if I could kind of turn those on with a bit of thunder as the kids come down the drive you see. So so of course that means switching on 240 volts. And again this is I know no electronics right but I do know you need a kind of a 240 volt relay. On the bottom left there I had to build a 240 volt relay which and I don't know if you the way these these work to switch 240 volts as a coil which have to activate. But I couldn't find one with a low enough voltage for the pie to work. I could only find a five volt one. So I had to buy another expansion board called the pie a buy so purchase this time by an expansion board with a which I could switch five volts with. And then I could switch then I could switch to 12 volts that was needed for the for the base relay for this. So I was switching one relay to switch another relay to turn on the 240 volts for the strobe. So so that I thought well actually I could do more than just turn on the strobe wouldn't I. I happened to have a papyr mache head that my daughter and I made many many years ago with an eyeball hanging out. And so I and my daughter did a textiles project once at school and have one of these Taylor's mannequins you know. So you put a dress on so I put I thought I'll have that I'll put the papyr mache on the head. And then I built this box about this is kind of a small TARDIS sized box here. So I just built a wooden frame and then I lined it with black cloth and then I put a nylon gauze a black nylon gauze on the front and put the mannequin inside strobes inside. So it's dark when the kids come along. You know they can't see anything. They finally get to the door. The lightning comes on and they see this body inside box. So that's the idea. OK. So that's sensor number two. The sensor number one just detects them coming down the drive and puts out the screen. So that's actually what I was doing on the right hand side here again. You can't see us very well in this light. You can just see the papyr mache head. But I have got a video here which we hoping the sound will work on. So I'll just say what to look for with the light level. So the first thing is there's first PR sensor is going to go off. There should be a couple of screams to hopefully scare them. And then if they make it to the door somewhere around about you should see the strobes cut in and the box be illuminated. So let's see what happens. So that work I tell you what was really rewarding about that. We had two lots that ran back up the drive. And they were really upset some of them anyway. I don't want to be held to ransom by trick or treat. OK. So that was number one thing. So that was can we detect presence and that works. And we're still a long way from fly tip cam at this point. So the next thing was can we get an image perhaps. And I wanted to try using the pie cam. Now when I actually started thinking about this I don't think the pie camera just been announced. So this is the five megapixel camera board for the Raspberry Pi. So when that first came out it was just a standard camera. And the thing was that we figured most fly tippers will do stuff at night. So what we really need is infrared. And the problem with that is well at that time there was obviously a big demand for this for infrared pycams because there was a kind of a meme on the Internet of people who were taking the filters off and turning them into infrared cameras because it just has a blue filter over the front. So I started looking but it looked like the general success rate was about 30%. So mostly they just knackered the cameras so one out of every three. So I wasn't really up for doing that because I only had one. And again this was another purchase. So generally I try and get stuff for free but if I can I try and avoid purchasing it. But anyway it turns out that there was such a demand for this that the infrared pycam came out. And you can buy the blackboard which is the one on the bottom left there to just put straight into your Raspberry Pi. So I'm getting quite excited at this point because we may get visual. So I connected it all up. Now the software you use for this. If you've done any webcam work with a Pi, the software most people are using is Motion. It's open source. There's a really good one called ZoneMinder which is a lot heavier duty. And you can kind of describe parts of your image and get ZoneMinder to just monitor changes in those parts. You can do that to an extent with Motion. But Motion's pretty good. It's quite lightweight. You can get up running and you can detect various things happening with it. So now there is a version of Motion that's been that somebody's knocked up for the Pycam. So I had to download that. It's a fork. I'm guessing they'll re-merge later. But I downloaded that, got that going. And that was working quite well. So now I'm thinking I need something to detect Motion. And that's really where we get to the subject of the talk. And that is that I thought I would... Oh no, sorry. There's one other bit before that. That's right, yeah. Again, rubbish. I'll describe what's here. So if I'm going to put this outside to catch fly tippers, it has to be weatherproof. It has to have night vision. Obviously we're going to get that for the infrared camera. You need to have data access and it needs to be secure. I don't want people kind of picking it up and walking off with it. So this is where the welding comes in. So I made this. So this is a standard army ammunition box. You can get these from army surplus stores or on the web. They're about kind of six to ten pounds depending on what size you get. So I thought I'll put the pie and the camera inside this. You drill a hole in the front. My wife actually does stained glass making. She's really good at cutting glass. So I got her to cut this piece for the front here. She contributed to the project as well. So I bought this matrix, this infrared matrix here to illuminate the area. So the camera comes through the hole here at the front. You can access it all via the back. They're very secure. So all the bits and pieces will sit in the back here like this. So here's a top tip, by the way. These are really good, these boxes. We use them for geocaching. We put geocaches in them. But they're airtight, really water resistant. So if you're welding something onto one of these and you have it closed, what you've got is a very highly contained piece of air, which you're then going to heat to 1500 degrees C. If you haven't got your visor on, what you get is a globule of steel that comes firing out at your face at a very, very fast rate of knots. So if you're welding them, keep the door open, because I learned that the hard way. Anyway, so that's it. That's all good chunky stuff, and I've built some brackets to put it onto a tree. So I figured that now that I've got my waterproof device, I wanted to just test this. And my best option I thought for testing was to do an alpha test on our cat flap. So, by the way, on the left hand side there on that picture, there's two solar panels. Now by now, I've started buying stuff, and this project is going up in price, and I'm really worried my wife isn't going to be very happy about this. But the solar panels was a breakthrough, because I realised on Amazon, you can just send the stuff to a different address and pick it up later. So she doesn't see the stuff coming into the house. So that, you know, was a breakthrough moment that was. So we've got this solar powered. I've got a alarm battery in the bottom of the camera there, powered off solar powers. That's actually, by the way, this is one of my power management, there's a thing that's worrying me at the moment. Anyway, I've got a cat flap tested. On the right hand side, you can see the bottom of our wheelie bin, and just see the bottom edge of our cat flap, which is where I placed the camera to walk. And I figured I'll just see our cats coming in and out of the cat flap. These are our cats. They're bebop and blues, they're two black cats. So my objective is it will be quite interesting to see what bebop and blues are doing through the night, and see whether I'm actually detecting it. Bebop is the one on the right with the dodgy eye, and he's the boy, and the one on the left is blues, the girl, their brother and sister. That's enough about my cats. Right, so I've got a video here. You might have to squint to look at it. So I was really surprised. First off, I ended up with this. I didn't see any motion from our cats whatsoever, but this one arrived. We've called Longtail, suspect number one, who arrives at the step you can see, has a sniff around. Now, it's interesting because two days after this, I was past a field that was outside of our village, and I saw this cat. It rushed Roman awful long way. It was easily over half a kilometre away, and this self-same cat was there. Anyway, so he didn't go in. He just had a sniff around, as you can see, and then he walked away for a bit. Okay, so that's Longtail number one. Let me just move on. Right, so the next one is this one here. On the left... Hang on. Stop that. Rewind that. Let me just give you the rundown here. Hold on. Right. So this one here, on the left there, this is a separate different cat, a short tail. We called him Stumpy, codename Stumpy. And you can see, he actually goes up and into the... He actually enters into the house. And looking at the timestamps, again, motion timestamps all these images. The way motion works, by the way, is it just takes a JPEG, and then another JPEG, and it compares the two, and if there's a difference, then it starts laying down JPEGs. So all these videos are just JPEGs that have been strung together. But a few seconds later, he exits on the right-hand side, being followed by Bebop, which you can just see there, who comes out. So he only stays in for a few seconds, and then Bebop, I think, just moves off and sees him off the premises completely. We always knew he was useful, that cat. Right. So I've now found out I've got two different cats coming into the house. I just couldn't believe this. How many of these cats in the neighbourhood are we feeding? So next day, we get this one on the left-hand side. Oh. OK, I'll describe this to you. If only these screens were working, right? So on the left-hand side, I have another cat, it's a ginger cat, codenamed Jinge, who actually enters the house, and in that video, he has just entered the cat flap. But now what's interesting is that he stays in there for three minutes, and he exits three minutes later, and we don't know why. There's no Bebop. So on the right-hand side, he's just exiting here. But it's three minutes. And I thought, oh, blimey. So what's he doing for three minutes? Well, he's probably eating the food, isn't he? So this then gave us an idea for another project, which this is a work in progress. And let me just describe this to you again, because the screen's not brilliant. So top left-hand side, I have a cat flap that has RFID detection on it. Now, those chips that cats have in their necks, there's a standard for that, and it's a four-centimeter field distance that you can read. And I'm figuring that we could have the cat flap able to read that. And I don't mind about they can come in. It doesn't matter. The cats can come in. I just want to know who the cat is. And on the bottom left, there is actually, I've got a description there of a web service you can go to, send the chip ID, and it'll give you the contact details for the owner. OK? Now, so I'm figuring the cat comes at top left. The cat comes in the cat flap. Raspberry Pi reads it. It goes out to the web service. It comes back with the contact details. Then at the middle at the bottom there, you'll see that the cat that's entered the house is then imprisoned. OK. So we've now got the perpetrator in the house. We know who it belongs to. OK? And we've got evidence they've entered the house. Now, the top right, we've got the cat food on a lab balance. Interface to the Pi. So for that period of time, we know how much food that cat has eaten. And what we then do is we auto-generate the invoice for the Meowmix, which goes straight to the owner. And of course, as soon as it's paid, they can have their cat back. So that's... Thank you. So that's a work in progress. If anyone wants to help me with that one, let's just get in contact. OK. So I've kind of summarised where I am, right? You know, I'm able to detect motion. I'm able to detect all the neighbours' cats. This is where we are with Flytip Cam right now. On the left-hand side, I have the location where Flytip was supposed to be mounted two weeks ago. It wasn't mounted because I have a power management problem, which I will describe to you. I don't have any pictures of, but it goes like this. I had a burglar alarm battery in the base of the module, and I had solar power batteries, and I took out the battery and the solar panels to scout camp. So I'm chairman of a local scout group. I go and help out our scout camp every year. We thought it would be really cool to take the battery and the solar panels to scout camp so that all the scout leaders and maybe some of the kids could recharge their phones. One guy came along. As soon as I put a load on the... This battery, by the way, was inside one of these ammunition boxes. As soon as I put a load on the battery, there was a lot of kind of flickering of LEDs, and the battery started expanding like this. Now, we often have accidents on scout camp, and we have to put them all in the first aid book, but we've never had sulfuric acid burns. So I immediately just slam closed the lid and threw away the battery. So, thank you. So I have to do something about power management. Basically, this is the last bit that I need to put in place. I really need to get my head around what needs to be done in order to keep the thing topped up with power, so I don't have to go back and revisit it. One other thing I did mention was that I needed to have secure data access. We also have... There's a Wi-Fi dongle here for accessing it, and so it's called Flytip Cam is the network and the password, if ever you're there, is get off my land. So, that's my presentation. I just have this one slide here, which is a picture which you can't see, but it's basically a plea to anybody who knows anybody who could help me with the power management on this. I would be really grateful. My Twitter ID is there on that. But with that, that's what we did for Cat Burglars. Does anyone have any questions? Yeah. Just wait for the microphone. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. That's right. Any more questions? Not so much a question, but there was actually a guy doing photovoltaic workshop earlier if you spoke into him. Well, I think I'll try and catch up with him. Yeah, I would have done that workshop if I'd been able to... They were all kind of full by the time we got in, so yeah, yeah, I'll try and catch up with him. Well worth while. Thanks. Any more? Can everyone give us a hand and say thank you to Derek again?