 Dear students, now we are going to study the concept of cyber attack. Cyber attack is a set of actions performed by threat actors who try to gain unauthorized access to data or cause damage to computers, computer networks or computing systems. Cyber attacks can be launched from anywhere to the person or any organization. The attack can be performed by an individual or group using one or more attack test techniques and procedures. When we talk about cyber attack, it is a big challenge for today's world because many organizations and online profiles can be hacked or attacked based on their own agenda. This is called cyber attack. Those who launch such attacks are called hackers and considered as cyber criminals because they are doing an unwilling thing. You do not permit anyone to steal or hack your information. This is why it is considered a criminal offense. They can work alone or in collaboration with other attackers or as part of an organized criminal group. When we talk about cyber attack, we come to know that a group of hackers are working to steal the information of any organization or any political group or any state to harm them. They try to identify vulnerabilities, problems or weaknesses in computer systems and exploit them to further their goals. The cyber attackers we call hackers first assess the vulnerabilities of the organization, whether it is a hotel or a system or an account. Then they emphasize their attack on those vulnerabilities. When we talk about the motivations of cyber attack, they can have various motivations when launching cyber attacks. It can be personal, political or anything else as well. Some of them carry out attacks for personal or financial gains and some may conduct such kind of attacks in the name of social or political causes and some attacks are part of cyber warfare operations conducted by nation states against their opponents. These are different motivations that can be of any kind. Hackers are doing this for financial gain, they are doing this to achieve their political agenda. On the other hand, nation states are also doing cyber attacks against their enemies to weaken their systems. So what are the types of cyber attacks? These are the types of cyber attacks in which ransomware, malware, denial of service, phishing and social engineering attacks are included.