 Welcome to Spotlight. I'm Colin Lauver. And I'm Liz Wade. Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand, no matter where in the world they live. This program is about a very famous artist, but it is also about his mental illness. It mentions suicide. If you are thinking about suicide, please call a crisis centre in your area. You have probably seen this painting before. It is a painting of a night sky. Stars shine over a small village. The moon glows yellow. But this is no ordinary painting. Swirls of white and blue fill the sky. Each star is as big as a sun. It is clearly a real sky, but the way it is painted makes it a mystery. There is some kind of magic in that sky, but you do not know how it got there, or why. This painting is called The Starry Night, and it is by the artist Vincent van Gogh. He lived during the 1800s in the Netherlands. Some people say that van Gogh was a genius. He influenced many artists who came after him, but van Gogh was also unwell. He suffered from mental illness all his life. He died without much money at a very young age. Few people knew about van Gogh when he was alive, but today he is one of the most well-known artists in the world. Today's spotlight is on the life and illness of Vincent van Gogh. Vincent van Gogh was born in 1853 in the Netherlands. His family was wealthy. Many of them were art dealers. Some were Christian preachers. When he was young, van Gogh did not impress many people. He had mood swings. Sometimes he was very happy, and sometimes he was very sad. These emotions were very strong. They often annoyed family and friends. He was not able to control these emotions, and the people who loved him did not know what to do. As he grew up, van Gogh did not know what to do with his life. For a time, he was an art dealer, but he was restless and quit after a year. Then he wanted to become a preacher, but the church did not accept him. He often lived without much money, and he sometimes lived on money that his parents gave him. Van Gogh did very badly when it came to practical things, but he soon discovered that he was very good at making art. He began to draw and paint constantly. He believed painting was his calling. He believed he was born to paint. Van Gogh had a brother named Theo. Theo was an art dealer in Paris, France. He believed his brother was a great artist, so he funded Van Gogh's art. Later, Theo invited Vincent to live with him in Paris. Living in Paris was very important to Van Gogh. That was where many other interesting artists lived. There, he was able to talk to and learn from them. It helped him become a better artist. There, he created his own style. But Paris was also where Van Gogh's mental illness really began. He had always been very emotional. Often, he was very depressed. He abused alcohol. He especially drank an alcohol called absinthe. But in Paris, things began to get worse. Sometimes, he would become terrified for no reason. At other times, he would lose consciousness. He would forget where he was. After a few years, Van Gogh tried to leave Paris. He found a house in a town called Arles. He hoped leaving Paris would help him get better. Instead, it made things worse. Paul Gugain was a famous artist. He lived with Van Gogh in Arles. Van Gogh admired Gugain. He wanted to work with Gugain. But Gugain began to dislike Van Gogh. They fought often. Van Gogh told his brother Theo, Our argument is at times full of energy, like with electricity. At times, we end up with tired and empty heads. It is like an electric battery after discharge. Soon, Gugain told Van Gogh that he was leaving. This changed something in Van Gogh. Gugain was very important to Van Gogh's plans. He did not know how to deal with the change. Later that day, he approached Gugain with a razor blade. Van Gogh did not hurt him. But Gugain felt threatened. He left soon after. That night, Van Gogh began to hear voices, even though he was alone. They tortured him. To make them quiet, he picked up the same razor blade. He cut his own ear off. Then, he went to a brothel. He gave his ear to a prostitute. Then, he disappeared. When the police finally found Van Gogh, they put him in a mental institution. There, doctors tried to treat him. They believed that he had epilepsy. Epilepsy is a disease that causes fits. During these fits, people lose control of their bodies. But, it can also give people hallucinations, where they see and hear things that are not there. Soon, Van Gogh began to recover. He stopped drinking alcohol. And, he started taking medication. He left the mental institution. And, he began to paint again. During this time, Van Gogh made some of his most well-known paintings, like the painting described at the beginning of the program. He painted similar things to other artists, like flowers and fields. But, the way he painted was very different. He did not just paint these things. He painted what he felt about them. And, he used colours in ways no one had seen before. People began to recognise his works. But, Van Gogh's mental illness did not go away. He had several mental breakdowns. He went back to the institution several times. He hallucinated and feared being poisoned. And, he was often very depressed. He did not feel like a success. He wrote to his brother Theo. I am so angry with myself, because I cannot do what I should like to do. At such a moment, I feel that I am lying at the bottom of a deep, dark well. I feel completely helpless. Van Gogh's mental illness was very painful for him. One day, it became too much. He went out into a field with a gun. He shot himself in the chest. He did not die. Later that day, he went to his friend's home. He was bleeding from the chest. Van Gogh died two days later. He had committed suicide. He was only 37. After Van Gogh died, his paintings quickly became famous. Museums began to display them. Art collectors bought them for a lot of money. Newspaper editors called him a genius. He influenced other famous painters like Henri Matisse. Today, Van Gogh is one of the most well-known painters in the world. But, for all this, we will never really know what illness Vincent Van Gogh had. Some scholars agree that he had epilepsy. Others believe he had bipolar disorder. People with this disease have extreme periods of depression, but they also have moments of high activity, or mania. A manic person often feels afraid of imaginary things. He may hear people speaking that are not there. Both of these diseases seem to describe Van Gogh, but there are many other theories. Many people even think he was such a good painter because of his mental illness. They believe his strange colors were because of madness, or they believe his swinging emotions pushed him to paint. This may be true, but these things also pushed him to his death. He felt so strongly and loved what he did. He fought through many years of difficulty and changed the world of art. But Van Gogh did not see this. He died thinking he had failed. Before he died, he told his brother, If I could have worked without this terrible disease, what things I might have done? Mental illness can be very serious. If you or anyone you know feels suicidal, please find help. There are many options for help. You can call a suicide hotline in your country. Or talk to a friend and ask them for help. More than anything, you should know that you are not alone. You should know that you can get better. Or email us at contact at spotlightenglish.com. You can also find us on YouTube, Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. The writer of this program was Dan Christman. The producer was Michio Ozaki. The voices you heard were from the United Kingdom and the United States. All quotes were adapted for this program and voiced by Spotlight. You can listen to this program and read along with the script on our website at www.spotlightenglish.com. This program is called The Hidden Life of Vincent Van Gogh. We hope you can join us again for the next Spotlight program. Goodbye.