 I'm really pleased to welcome you to this session as part of the Global Protection Forum. Now, this session is hosted by the Housing London Property Area of Responsibility, and we're really pleased to be discussing today this question, what is secure enough good practice to enhance women's housing London property rights in humanitarian response. My name's Jim Robinson. I'm the coordinator of the Global HLP Area of Responsibility and also with NRC as well, so I'm really pleased to be here and really pleased to see so many colleagues here today. You can see on the screen there some of the wonderful speakers we've got coming up, and if you just move to the next slide, I'll just talk us through the agenda just quickly for today. So, we're going to hear from a colleague Brigitte Odelland from the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation Humanitarian Aid with some opening remarks. We will then move to discuss the experiences in different countries where people are working to enhance women's housing London property rights. So, this session, we know a lot of us how important access to control of HLP is for the economic and social well-being of women, and there's many challenges that women face. But what we want to hear about today are some of the things that are being done in response to that. So, we're going to hear from colleagues working on the Syria crisis in northeast Nigeria, in Somalia, and then we're going to have a time for questions and answers and some discussion where you can bring up what you want to see what stands out. We will then finish with some closing remarks from Adam Schumacher from the Bureau of Humanitarian Affairs with USAID. So, that's what our agenda is today. But before we get started with the meat of the session, I just want to talk through some housekeeping. I don't like saying rules, it sounds a bit too formal, but some principles, there we go. We're probably all Zoom experts by now, but just to say, if you can keep your videos on, it's great to be able to see you. I know that sometimes there isn't the bandwidth for that, so just do what you can. If you could remain muted whilst we're in this plenary session now and then later on we'll come to Q&A and discussion, and that can change. As has been mentioned, there is a translation into Spanish and French, so if that would be helpful for you, please do click the interpretation button at the bottom there, the globe sort of shape. And similarly, you can see a transcript of the meeting, so that's the CC button next to the interpretation button. And if you want to make comments, ask questions, react to what you're hearing, then of course you can use the chat function, but we also have a Jamboard setup, so the link I think will appear magically in the chat. And the Jamboard is a place where you can react to what you're hearing, it's where you can ask questions. I'd love it if you would just note down what stands out. We'll adapt some, put the chat comments in there as well to get a bit of a picture of how you're reacting. And of course with Jamboard, it's an anonymous way to react as well and to comment, so you can ask the questions that maybe have been there, but you weren't sure how to express them or whatever, so please do do that. What I wanted to do right now is just take a moment to actually see where we're all joining from today. We've set up a Mentimeter poll, so if you click on the link that has appeared in the chat, you will be able to mark on a map where you are joining from today, because I thought it would be very interesting to see where it is we're coming from today. And it could be from all over, I know for a fact I am there in that blue dot in the middle. And we have colleagues from across the Middle East region. We see Europe, we see South America, maybe Ecuador, Colombia probably maybe, I don't know. So please do keep adding in where you're joining us from today, if you can, seeing quite a spread. So those in Australia, thank you for staying up to be with us. Those to the west, thank you for being up early to join us as well. Really appreciate that. I'll just leave a few more seconds just to gather where people are joining us from today so we can see the reach of our discussions and the different perspectives. Yes, it's like 13 in that Middle East region, and the numbers all across the globe. And great to see you listing in the chat as well joining from Afghanistan, India, Yemen, Iraq, Mozambique, Turkey, Nigeria, Libya, Australia. Late evening there, Turkey, Syria, Palestine, Tanzania. Fantastic. Well, thank you for sharing a little bit about where you're joining us from today. It's really interesting to see that. So appreciate that. Thank you. And something I'm really pleased also to be able to announce today as well. This session has been developed in collaboration with a special edition of the newsletter that we send out regularly from the HLP AOR. The letter has been put together by Laura, Kirsty and Dali. I want to say thank you to you for putting that together and going to share a link in the chat to that where you can later on download, have a look, go and see. There's different articles and some country focus pieces as well and looking at some of the trends around this response to self challenges that women face on HLP and some of the activities being carried out by local civil society NGOs and international agencies as well. So really thank you to all of those who've contributed, but please do check that out later on. And part of that you'll also see key messages on women, land and peace, which have been developed by the HLP AOR members, and yeah really happy to share those as well so there's lots of follow up things to have a look at things to see. And now we're going to get to properly pass into the, the, the main part of the session, and I'm really pleased to welcome Bridgie Odellin for some opening remarks. Now Bridgie is the deputy head of the Africa division, the head of protection unit with the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation Humanitarian Aid. I'm pleased to hand over to you Bridgie welcome. Thank you, Jim. And good afternoon to everyone around the world. Very, very happy and very pleased to see all those people, and to be part of the discussion on this very important topic for the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation. This year's session focuses on women, housing, land and property rights in humanitarian response. Research shows that women, housing, land and property rights are disproportionately affected in conflict and displacement context. In such context, a pre existing structural barriers and inequalities such as social and cultural practices, or gaps in implementation of legislations are exacerbated, resulting in further discrimination, inequality and dispossession. Jim mentioned yesterday in the opening session land ownership remains largely restricted to men by tradition and law and conflict make this worse and affects women in particular ways. When women are forced to leave their home it is their entire life and the one of their families that is in jeopardy was loss of income of support system of safety. In return situation, women are less likely than men to possess documentary evidence of their land tenure, and more likely to experience violence in relation to their dispute. These gender specific differences requires special measures to enhance gender equality in HLP through ensuring better access for women. The centrality of protection within durable solution for displacement affected communities is best represented in the struggle that vulnerable, vulnerable groups face to claim and enjoy their HLP rights. Without the protection of HLP rights durable solution will remain an elusive concept, not grounded in reality. Women's HLP rights are particularly relevant in the context of the high level panel on internal displacement and the follow up mechanism in collaborating closely with NRC on the centrality of protection. And in supporting the HLP AOR, the Swiss Development Agency for the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation and NRC aim to build on global and country level collaboration to develop programmatic and policy approaches with a focus on women and HLP rights, and how this contributes to protection outcome. The Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation will also use its position to advocate for HLP rights and their contribution to protection outcomes in relevant multilateral forums and for relationships with nexus stakeholders and country level durable solution working groups with the view to further strengthen durable solution for displacement affected communities. Lastly, this area of work is unfortunately chronically underfunded. And this is also a call to other donors to consider this very important field of work without which the status of women will not improve and the durable solution for displacement affected people will not be achieved. I am very much looking forward to our session today and to hearing more about what is being done in response to these challenges in Nigeria Somalia and in the Syrian crisis. Thank you very much. Thank you so much for those remarks. Thank you for being here. I'm pleased now to introduce Evelyn Aromagarol who's the regional advisor for the information counseling and legal assistant program with NRC. And she's also the acting housing land and property AOR coordinator in Somalia. Evelyn will be facilitating our discussion and leading us through the rest of the session today. So, Evelyn, over to you. Thank you, Jim. Yes, so to kick us off, we will be focusing on country experiences from Syria, northeast Nigeria and two from Somalia. So just to kick us off, I will be calling upon our colleagues from Syria, NRC Syria to discuss displacement Syrian women's housing land and property rights, focusing on challenges and opportunities. Over to you, Sharon May and Laura. Thank you. Hello everyone. I'm Sharon. I'm talking from Damascus, Syria. I present today some challenges and opportunity that for the Syrian, for the displaced Syrian woman. We will start next slide please we will start with the challenges with the key with the key key HP challenges for displaced women in Syria. We will start with the first challenges. It is about the displacement and return displacement slash return and security of tenure. Actually, according to the 2019 humanitarian need overview, an estimated of 6.5 million people are displaced inside Syria. It is a large number of those are women. In Syria have faced multiple displacement. Lake of security tenure is among the many causes of this repeated displacement. Even now, with many people returned to their original place, whether from internal or external displacement, the security of tenure remain an issue. Many of them found their homes either destroyed or an habitable or being occupied from others. The second challenge is related to social barriers. The Syrian constitution guarantees woman many rights and protection, including the right to equality before the law. This guarantee of equality also applies to all other laws, such as the civil code and the other legislation regarding HP rights. Which effectively means that right granted to male citizens are the same rights belong to female citizens. However, the social barriers and the dominance of the customs, especially in the rural areas play a big role in preventing women from claiming their rights. Women are afraid from being stigmatised if they claim their HP rights, especially regarding the inheritance. Where the inheritance is usually, especially as I mentioned in rural areas, is divided between only the female member or female family member. The third challenge is the lack of awareness of right and procedure to claim those rights. Often lack awareness about their rights and procedure in claiming or how to claim those rights. This is something existed even before the crisis, but has increased during the last few years. During the Syrian crisis, Syrian women had to be responsible that they did not have before the crisis. For example, many women become the head of the household and the breadwinner for the family. It is actually very difficult to take this new role for women who do not have enough awareness about her right, her own right and the right of her family member and how to claim those rights. This is very important for women, especially the women who lost their husband and need to protect their children. For them, actually a secure home is the key for survival. The fourth challenge actually is the lack or the loss of the civil documentation and housing land property documents. The lack and the loss of the civil documentation come throughout areas affected by displacement, represent a barrier to exercise housing land property rights and to claim those rights. In addition to the destruction of the land registry building, along with the records they contain, have affected the way to claim over the HLP right by the original owner. The loss of those records may enable the occupation and the transfer of this property to other individuals and commercial interests. Next slide please. Well, if you want to talk about the capacity development for humanitarian actors, NRC have worked to develop with partners several materials for capacity development. For example, we have worked on development of several guidance notes. For example, the lease agreement guidance note, another guidance note about transfer of ownership of real property in the land registry obtained by sale contract and another one inheritance. And we have another one about the power of attorney in Syria. Also, we have worked on some legal researchers and analysis. For example, for the 2019 amendment on the personal status law, we have worked with UNHCR on this document. We have also worked on recently on the analysis of the new civil documentation, civil status law that was issued recently this year, 2021. And also we have developed a booklet about stories of Syrian women, their family and the property. This booklet was developed in coordination with UNDP. I will move to me, my colleague, to talk more about this booklet. Thank you everyone. Thank you so much. Can you show the next slide please on the story booklet. Beside whatever Sharon, my colleague was talking about the different guidance note that we developed, which has also a lens on women HLP rights and how laws deals with it, how women can access their rights using this. And it's also their audience are directed to humanitarian worker, lawyers or whomever wants to know about the loss and raise awareness on women HLP rights and issue and how they want, how they can mainstream it also to their activities and raise awareness for women and for everyone who wants to support women into claiming their rights and also improve their life condition and wherever they are in Syria. Part of these guidance note, the inheritance guidance note that Sharon was talking about was mainly talking about inheritance rights. To support that one, we also looked or zoomed in into five with five Syrian women coming from different governorate we zoomed in into their family stories in terms of women of properties moving through through generation from one to another. The story shows how it's not only about the laws. Sometimes it's more about social barrier where my colleague Sharon was talking about social barrier. Lack of lack of awareness. The stories that we had illustrate that part of challenges and it shows it showed it that it's not only in one generation it's not only in that in the generation that we are living in it's custom it's back coming from the past and it's going toward the future. But it's the time. It's that history point where women are trying to make changes based on their life situation and the experience that they are having currently with their situation and are making their decision based on that experience. If you can move to the next slide. The story shows the generation from one to another and how properties were moving and how women names were not showing neither on the property they were not also included in that and how the recent women were the one that decided to tell us their stories. How they made their decision in terms of their property whether to claim it with whether to take, they were legally aware enough to take an action to support and and protect their HP rights in a way that they could with the awareness that they had. In general, the stories where I'm to help not only those who are legally legal practitioner because legal practitioner usually knows well over we need more support from other or Syrian women or whoever is living in the region. They know that women need support more on social barriers. Even if they have enough legal awareness on their right especially on inheritance women really knows what rights they have. Sharia tells them very clearly how how they should inherit from from their property, but it's beyond that it's more on social barrier. It's not only legal practitioner lawyers or whomever could support women to access their right. It's more about education. It's more about protection. It's more about different sector who who should really join efforts and support women to really change that part of, of, of. Obstacle that came into women lives when whenever they want to claim their rights or whenever they think that they should get some support from from their inheritance or whatever marital property that they have. That they can fight in their own life with the different challenges that they are facing on a daily basis in terms of whatever is going on in their life. So these stories are really good resource for whomever wants to support women to raise awareness on on the social barrier on whatever is there that is really considered as an obstacle to women to claim their rights. Beside this to support this initiative of showing of showing whomever is working on Syria on the challenges and social barrier. We also developed a user guide that the support using these stories with talking point and the question that can be used in an awareness raising session by anyone it doesn't need to be a legal actor. It goes beyond that it shows like to interact with the stories and also can be used with different type of group not only women women men, whomever you are whomever women or could support that the change of the social barrier that face women and raise awareness on it how it can be supported how we can make it possible for women to really enjoy their HP rights and sometimes it also comes from women unfortunately who became themselves and a barrier for another woman in their family when when when they claim their rights. The user guides are really. Wide enough has talking point different question can be used by any, any actors, this is the way that we thought we might go beyond and engage on changing something that as legal practitioner we cannot change. So, this is for the user guide that we had can you move to the next slide please. Beside this we thought that we can also use it and change the stories into more visual visual type of interactive videos and this is what we are aiming to support also the user guide to use videos supporting these activities for whomever wants to use the user guide and that's it from my side, you can take on Laura. Excellent thank you thank you and maybe we can move to the next slides and and my contribution to really complement what my colleagues working in Syria. It's now expanding from Syria as a country to the region so looking at what NRC is also doing with Syrian refugee women and men who are hosted in Jordan Lebanon Iraq. And I wanted to start my small contribution with a quote from a Syrian refugee who was interviewed in Lebanon because she clearly summarized what she didn't and may said very well in terms of the challenges that women face challenges related to inheritance. Challenges related to the lack of information concerning the procedure in particular the legal procedure, financial challenges for example the cost of hiring a lawyer, and then the fact that as we have said, most of the time, Syrian women name do not appear in property documents and the process putting women at disadvantage. Next slide please. NRC in the region has been present and working with Syrian refugees since 2012, and we currently are running the largest legal aid programming in Jordan Lebanon Iraq so our team are on a daily contact with refugee, working on supporting them to access representation, securing a tenure at the place of displacement and then issue also related to worker rights but since last year, we launched a new component that for the first time was looking at property and asset and rights about this property and assets that refugee left back in Syria, and trying to understand what is it that we can do today who can promote HLP in Syria and most of all protect these rights the refugee and this asset the refugee left behind in Syria, even while the refugee are displaced in the host country. And as part of that effort, we did carry out a research with refugee women to try to understand what are the challenges that they face while they live in Jordan, Lebanon and Iraq with regards to their property back home in Syria. And the challenges are the same as what has been mentioned by Syrian, however there was one important element that we notice at regional level, which is related to the fact that although the situation that some of these refugee families find themselves, especially in Lebanon nowadays, is one of extreme poverty, we have noted and we hear from refugee women themselves that they were able, for the first time, for example, to work. So for the first time they were able to access a livelihood opportunities they were able to make an income, and many refugee women told us that they were the breadwinner in their family. And this is, of course, linked to what Shirin was mentioning in terms of demographic changes as a result of the conflict, but also being in a foreign country and being exposed, for example, from rural area to urban area in another country. So some opportunities are theirs and refugee women really spoke about gender transformation of the role and really expressed the desire and the eagerness to benefit from property rights in Syria and also to benefit from the opportunity to have an income and protect and support their family. But of course, these social and customary norms continue to inhibit their ability to do so and so a lot of effort is still required to support these women efforts. Next slide. Just to say that NRC is therefore really strengthening the provision of legal services, so information counseling and legal assistance, targeting refugee women and really looking at property back home, property back in Syria, the land that was left behind, the house that was left behind, and also exploring how, while they are displaced and they remain displaced, we can protect their property through legal counseling and legal assistance, in particular with regards to inheritance related matter. And then capacity building effort with humanitarian working in the region, but also with the refugee community, so that women and men are able to understand, for instance, what are the latest development when it comes to property rights in Syria. The Syrian Government has promulgated a lot of law that affect also how Syrian abroad, including refugees, can protect their rights back home. And I'll stop here, but very much look forward to the question and answer section, so giving the floor back to Evelyn. Thank you very much. Thank you, Laura, Shareen and May. As we've heard from Syria, the challenges are tenant security, social barriers, the lack of awareness, the loss of civil documentation and the linkages that it has to protecting housing, land and property rights of women. We also see that there are some innovative approaches to addressing women's housing land and property rights. As we've seen from the stories, it's a very innovative approach. It also looks at literacy levels, and then we also see that opportunities include extending country-specific experiences beyond the countries that we're working, but also to the region. And also seeing that gender transformation in displacement is something that impacts women's HOP rights. So, thank you to our colleagues from NRC Syria. We are now moving to northeastern Nigeria, where Rhoda Kadama from IEM will be presenting on cash for rent. Over to you, Rhoda Kadama. Thank you very much, Evelyn, and good day to all of our participants. Like Evelyn had mentioned, my name is Rhoda Woosman Kadama. I am currently the HOP advisor for the NordEast program for emergency response and early recovery here with IOM Nigeria. And today I'll be sharing one of our best practices so far as far as we implement projects and that drives at protecting the rights of women and increasing access to HOP for women, especially in displacement and return areas. So, I would like to also draw attention to the fact that the situation of Nigeria that led to the displacement is conflict-related. And similar to the experiences in Syria and the Middle East, women particularly face barriers as to accessing HOP, especially in displacement. And our situation is not too far from that of the Middle East, where women generally are marginalized and because of social barriers have limited access to HOP. And without project, we're targeting such vulnerable women in order to give them access to HOP and also to promote security of tenure. So, I'll be sharing one of the projects we implemented with the shelter department here in Nigeria, which we integrated security of tenure as one of the components of the project. Next slide, please. So, this project is particularly implemented in Adamauer State, a state under the North Eastern part of Nigeria. The contact situation is that at first most of the IDPs were living in displacement, but shortly after most of the camps were closed down, and hence making most of the IDPs to settle within the host community. And best type of tenure arrangement they can afford is rental arrangements. And with the social discriminations associated with women, a lot of them face difficulties in accessing this kind of arrangements, especially for women, a female-headed household. Next slide, please. So, basically the purpose of this intervention was that the project was targeted to assist 200 individuals, mostly from the host communities, IDPs and returners who are renting. So, the first criteria to participate in the project was that you must be renting a house or a room, and it is targeting at promoting security of tenure and to reduce cases of forced evictions. Now, the intervention was carried out by a way of cash-based method, and though a conditional cash transfer, it was unrestricted in the sense that a certain amount was 30,000 naira, equal amount was given to all participants, and this amount was designed in such a way that it would cover minimum of one year's rent and extra money if applicable would be used for other uncillary costs like electricity and water bills. Next slide, please. Now, we had an eligibility criteria that was developed in order to target the right participants first, like I mentioned, to be eligible to participate in this project. One must be renting a room or a house, and the person must have a valid form of identification, and the household or individual must be vulnerable. So, we integrated female-headed households and families with members that have one form of disability or the other, and then also you must be at risk of eviction or your rent due date is almost nair or it is due. And then you must, to a large extent, not be living in a house with structural damage because the idea is to promote security of tenure at the same time to promote the use of standard housing. So, we do not appreciate people living in houses with structural damage thereby increasing their protection risk. And also, another criteria was that the participant must be a low-income earner. Next slide, please. So, attached to our eligibility criteria, we also developed what we call a selection criteria. And one of the selection criteria was that we developed a scoring for certain form of vulnerability that is associated with the participants. So, automatically, beneficiaries that were registered that were female-headed households that had disabilities or had low income automatically meant that they were targeted for this project and they were selected. And based on our assessment, we discovered that majority of female-headed households generally have no income or very low income, especially female-headed households. So, when we applied that selection criteria, we discovered that majority of those that were selected to take part in this project were female-headed households. We divorced, separated and widows particularly benefited the most from this project. And for our secure enough approach, we developed tools that we designed in order to ensure security of tenure for our project participants. So, we had three forms that we developed. One of these is called the beneficiary assistance form, which must be signed by the beneficiary stating that he or she agrees to be part of our project and is willing to comply with the terms and conditions. This is signed by the beneficiary alone. Secondly, we have a declaration of ownership form, which is signed by the landlord or a representative of the landlord stating or declaring that the house subject of this project arrangement is his or her house, and she is letting it out to the beneficiary of this project. Usually, we try to adopt this form because it's more flexible, as many of the landlords do not have ownership documents and requiring that they produce that would be a bit difficult and would impact the project implementation dearly, so we adopt this flexible method. Now, the third form that must be signed is the rental agreement form, which is signed by both parties. We developed some terms and conditions, particularly to guide the rental arrangement. Now, this is particularly useful for the participants in the project. Now, a copy of it is duplicated in the local language, which is house language. House language is the second most spoken language of the project participants, so it is then duplicated in house copies, and each copy is given to the landlord and the tenant, all signed by the landlord, the tenant and the community leader, who will serve as a witness to the arrangements. So, all these three documents, when fully signed by the participant, serve as our secure enough standard to participate in this project. Next slide please. Now, here are images of the project implementation stages. So, the far left is the IOM staff and beneficiaries during registration. On the opposite side of the table are IOM staff, and on this side of the table you would see the beneficiary is properly seated and filling out the forms. Each beneficiary must come to the registration table with his or her landlord, or at least a representative that must be delegated by the landlord himself. And in the middle is the beneficiary receiving the cash. So, at the end of the registration stage, where all the forms have been fully registered and completed, the beneficiary will then move to the stage where he or she receives the intervention in cash. It's a cash-based intervention, so we used financial service providers to give the cash. So IOM was not the one giving the cash directly, but a bank that was contracted by IOM, and IOM staff supervised the process thereby supporting the beneficiaries in ensuring that the amount is intact. And on the far right is a beneficiary who is showcasing the amount she has received and is given thanks during the interview. Thank you. Next slide please. Now, as a form of support in order to guide the participants and share information, we developed an IEC material here. It's in English, but we also have the household version of it, which is the one we had distributed to the project participants. Here on this IEC, you will discover that all the information required to understand the content of the project is represented here. We have, down from the eligibility criteria, to how much the individuals receiving to the purpose of the assistance, where it will be located, and what the assistance is supposed to be used for. Next slide please. And on the opposite side of the IEC, you will see the requirements for the participants to participate in the project. This is a simple representation of the rental agreement obligation contained on the lease agreement developed for the participants. And on the far right, on the top corner of the IEC, you will see a feedback and complaint column which says that the complaint and feedback on this project should be channeled through community leaders or IOM complaint and feedback desk attendance. Now we tried to introduce the project through community participation, so we worked on this project with the community leaders, and it is worthy of note that community leaders in this context serve as justice mechanism institution. They support dispute resolution, so what we did was to introduce the project to them, discuss fully what kind of HOP issues are likely to arise from our project, and seek for their support in such a mental dispute. So in situation where it is impossible for IOM to be in place, when this dispute arise or the project closes and we're moving locations, the community leaders would fill in the gap of dispute resolution, thereby addressing the likely issues that would arise as a result of the project. And also IOM is also providing support because currently IOM has CCACM staff who are covering that location. So in case of issues pertaining this project, IOM is there to provide support through CCACM or with my help as the HOP advisor. Next slide please. Thank you very much and I would like to note that regardless of how beautiful this project was, we were also faced with some few challenges which included the calculation of rental amount for each beneficiary. At the beginning, most of them assumed that the higher the amount they inform us of the rental amount, it would then trigger us to give them the exact amount. But after proper information sharing and education on the project, most of them understood that they would be getting equal amount. And with the selection criteria applied, it was possible that only those who were mostly vulnerable, who fell within the category of earning less than 30,000 lera or at paying far less than 30,000 lera as rent were assisted. And also by the time the project was implemented from the registration phase to the implementation stage, it took a little while. Thereby, those that were then targeted to benefit from the project, some of them had already advanced their rent for the next phase of the rental cycle. So, and that is why we made the cash to be unrestricted and it was directly given to the tenant and not to the landlord. This is in order to cob situations where the tenant had already advanced the money to the landlord, hence he can be able to use it for other purposes. And during our post-distribution monitoring, we discovered that a lot of these people use the ancillary to be extra amounts on the rent for farming purposes, buying fertilizer for their farms and others were able to buy NFI, shelter NFI materials and the likes. So, thank you very much for this wonderful opportunity. I would return the session back to Evelyn for continuation. Thank you so much. Yes, thank you, Rhoda. That's an interesting perspective from North East Nigeria. As we've seen, the question is what is secure enough. We've seen that when camps close, there have to be alternatives to housing, and we've also seen that when we are looking at cash for rent, female-headed households also face different challenges compared to their male counterparts. We've seen has discussed affordability, adequacy of housing, and even if the cash is unrestricted, we've also seen that it becomes multi-purpose. It's not only used to pay rent, it's also used to meet a utility bill. And also we've seen beyond having an eligibility criteria, we also have a selection criteria, meaning from those that are eligible, we also have to select particular groups. So it's beyond eligibility. We've also seen linkages with the legal identity. You need a valid ID, so placing more emphasis on the issues that had been raised by the colleagues from Syria. And for a sustainable cash for rent project, we also see that we need certain tools for accountability. What are the roles and responsibilities of the land owners and the land users? And also tenure security. We've looked at tenure documents, rental agreements, translating them so that they are understood. And then also having an understanding that disputes, they tend to be disputes when they are rental arrangements as well and looking at the role of community leaders in resolving disputes. So it's beyond cash to secure. We have to look at tenure security, adequacy of shelter and also anticipate disputes and resolution mechanisms. Thank you so much, Rhoda. We will now move on to Somalia, where our colleague Fatie Egar will be discussing why women in Somalia are not settling for more. Why displaced women are settling for more in terms of their housing land and property rights. So over to you Fatie. Thank you Evelyn and good afternoon everyone and good morning. I know we have a diverse representation. So, as I was preparing this presentation, I was actually really inspired by the topic for this forum. So what is secure enough and it started making me really think about that question and reflect back on some of my experiences in Somalia. So I currently work with the Global Land Tool Network at UN Habitat, but I have some interesting experiences from working in Somalia, particularly on land rights. And we can skip the next slide. We can go to the introduction. So, as I was kind of thinking about this question, I really wanted to link it to just different topics. So in this presentation, I'm going to just touch over the continuum of land rights, the challenges that we see to Somalia women's HLP rights, some proposed solutions and then a conclusion. So one of the interesting things that I've kind of discovered along the way is that when we're sort of asking the question what is secure enough. It's almost a very fluid question and it seems like the goalpost shift quite often when it comes to women's rights, especially at a time of humanitarian response, because we know that what precedes humanitarian response is usually a time of conflict or some kind of natural disasters or climate change where people are really not in the best situations and as a state. There's a lot of help that's required. And these are particularly challenging times for Somali women. We see that they're greatly affected by displacement, by forced migration, and we see a lot of violations of just basic human rights. So in that context, HLP rights almost become seen as some kind of luxury. And so we really need to start making sure as we advocating for change that we really connect HLP rights as part of these basic human rights and not as a privilege, and also show that even as priorities might be shifting, doing humanitarian response, we're really looking at security and safety and securing of livelihood, but that HLP rights and in particular women's HLP rights are also critical as we're kind of going through and trying to achieve peace building. And the other challenge with trying to see like okay what is enough to sort of secure women's land rights. One of the tools and in the next slide that I wanted to discuss with this concept of the continuum of land rights. And the continuum of land rights, I kind of want to discuss it almost as like a double edge sword because really it's supposed to be a very helpful concept to try and capture land rights in the diversity that they exist in. But it also poses a challenge because it may allow for some exploitation in the sense that we can give women some rights without really giving them full rights. And so with the continuum of land rights, we know that tenure can take on a variety of different forms. This could be documented it could be undocumented it could be formal it could be informal. You can hold your tenure rights as an individual as part of a group so there's really a plethora of options, when it comes to securing land rights, and in a context like Somalia, this is actually a very good opportunity because it affords flexibility of land tenure rights. And one of the legal principles of property rights is that we kind of understand property rights as a bundle of rights and not just one particular right. And so it's not a all or nothing equation, you can have rights to access and rights to use without having a right to ownership. And so there's really this diversity. And in the next slide we'll see that the continuum of land rights also allows us to recognize that all of those different forms of tenure are appropriate they can be effective and they can be legitimate right. And it promotes this increase of security across the continuum, and it's supposed to be fluid in your ability to kind of move between the different tenure forms, as your needs change. And so the concept and approach are more widely accepted and it's really allowing for this global shift in understanding land tenure, and it could be a really great opportunity. And now to the next slide. So I wanted to kind of also reflect on some of the challenges facing Somali women when it comes to HLP rights. And one of the things that I really wanted to emphasize in this presentation today is that we really need to be evolving as things are evolving in society and so luckily in Somalia we're not really in a situation where there is a lack of denial of HLP rights for women. There is a lack of denial of consensus and acknowledgement that women are indeed allowed and should own land and have access to land and have their HLP rights protected. And so again, going back to this question of but where do we draw that line and what is good enough and that's kind of what inspired me to title this presentation also let's try to settle for more so how do we help address some of the gender, some of the challenges. A challenge is gender inequality in general right and so gender inequality manifests its way in society in a lot of different forms and it really hinders the full realization of women's potential and all their rights and so it's not just particular to HLP, but we know that the more vulnerable women are in society whether it's their lack of economic development or lack of access to education, it's really a challenge. However, one of the key challenges in particular to Somalia women is like I said it's not the lack of recognition of rights, but the protection of those rights and that is really seen through the challenges that they face when it comes to accessing justice systems, or even having some awareness of what justice systems they can access. And I wanted to just share like an anecdotal story we had developed this training manual on advancing women's land and property rights that was adapted for Somalia. And when we did the first round of training to civil society organizations in Somalia, we were trying to kind of understand like what are some of the obstacles that women are facing when it comes to accessing justice. So of course there was a lot of different scenarios that came up, the male dominance, the technicalities and just general lack of affordability were some. But there's also now this more nuanced way that gender inequality is presenting itself and so they have shared a case study of women who purchased a piece of land three years before. And the man who she purchased it from after they realized that it's increased in value and it's appreciated, tried to come back and reclaim the land from her. But of course, because there's been in particular where this scenario happened in Jubilad, there's been a lot of work to sort of strengthen women's land tenure rights and so the deal was done legitimately and there was documentation and so they knew they couldn't just come and you know completely deprived this woman of her land, but they just came in and said, you know what, we made a mistake, we shouldn't have sold it to you, let us pay you back what you paid us and we'll even add some for your troubles and for the cost that you incurred fencing off your land. And she agreed and so we had a discussion about this type of scenario and whether or not if she was a man, if the power dynamics would have existed in the same way where she would have been kind of given this bad deal and not understanding what her options would have been to accessing justice or feeling in that scenario that you know whatever options that she could exercise may be futile because these men would come and you know offer money and do whatever they needed to do to reclaim it. So, with that said, in the next slide what are some of the proposed solutions. So of course, one of the main areas is for greater education and awareness to help promote and protect these rights. There's been a lot of work that's been done on just trying to disseminate information as to the different legal options that exist. And of course Somalia functions with a plural legal system and so this can be an advantage but it can also be a disadvantage in certain scenarios, but the more women are educated and men as well right so we need both to work together to achieve gender equality and make sure that no one in society is deprived of their rights unfairly. But that education will really help them identify and understand the type of security or tenure security that currently hold, and it will help minimize and prevent forced evictions which are really impacting Somalia women a lot especially those who are living in displacement camps. And then again just empowering women as decision makers so making sure they are also joining these bodies as decision makers. There's been a lot of studies that have shown that when they're more women who are even adjudicating land disputes, more women become comfortable bringing their cases forward right and so really creating these enabling environments where we're not preventing or putting up more obstacles but trying to be as inclusive as possible. And just in the last slide to conclude and connect it back with, you know what we really need to work on especially during humanitarian responses. One of the things that I've noticed which is unfortunate is that sometimes in conflict or fragile context, women are often encouraged to forgo some of their rights in order to help build better communities and to promote peace building. But we know that societies are much better off when women have full rights and they're protected and their HRP rights are respected that this really in and of self can contribute to economic and social development and helping peace building and the governance practices as well. So I think that's my time I hope I didn't go over but thank you for listening to me. Thank you so much, Fatih. We see that we are not settling, we are settling for more in Somalia. Very similar to what was discussed in Syria we see that these issues cut across regions and they are almost the same. And we see that you clearly mentioned a connection with human rights and it's very important to see that yes it's connected to human rights and it's not a privilege for women to have HRP rights. But also it's interesting to see that you unpack the HRP. And it's very interesting that we see a continuum of land rights that is clearly addressed by your presentation. And also that property rights are also seen sometimes as a bundle. It's also important to look at how informal versus formal land rights are perceived. And then also clearly looking at some of the rights that women are not supposed to be provided some rights, they need full rights. That also takes us to the issue around equality versus equitable access when you're looking at displaced women's HRP rights. Sometimes it's numbers to show that it's equal but it's not equitable. It's also interesting to see the challenges that you highlight gender inequality. I mean limited access to justice, but also it highlights something that our colleagues from Syria mentioned the gender transformation of the roles of women in displacement and its implications for housing land and property. Then when we look at access to justice, that is also a challenge for more versus informal, but also beyond that what are the barriers to accessing justice. Do the justice structures in this context have the capacity to actually promote and increase access to justice. And then we will now move on to our last speaker, who is Mustafa Abdelahi, who will be sharing some good practices and lessons learned from Somalia. Over to you Mustafa. Sorry Mustafa, your microphone is very, very quiet. Could we please ask you to speak up or move closer? Can you hear me now? It's still quite quiet. You can hear me now? Yes. There we go. Thank you. Thank you. I will be just providing good practice of some of our HRP activities in Somalia, building on what my colleague Fatih, a member of the National NGO responding to humanitarian situation in Somalia and active HRP and protection cluster member. So next slide please. So, based on the overview in Somalia, women remain disenfranchised in almost every facet of life, more so in accessing HRP rights. And this is further compounded by the incomable social norms, the social norms that are available within Somalia, right? Cultures that further entrenched and continues to inhibit their progress in the contemporary society, accessing human, some of the services across the IDPs and majorly the HRP housing land and property rights. So next slide please. So, basically I will just wish to present to you the Northfield housing land and property specific services that we have been conducting in Somalia. We have been operating mobile legal clinic, legal aid clinics in most of the IDPs in Somalia to provide the legal aid services for the people for the IDPs who are at risk of eviction and those who have been affected by eviction. Providing counseling services and advice to the affected population in Somalia. Providing awareness either to the most vulnerable and those who are at risk of evictions and those who can't access housing land and property rights. We have been providing awareness. Similarly, we have been providing legal HRP dialogue session to create social cohesion, peaceful coexistence and advocate for women HRP rights among the communities. The dialogue consisted of different members of the community, majorly women, those who are living with disabilities, those are the most who are usually affected by the evictions once they occur. Next slide please. So, I will just wish to present to you a case study where we have a name of the beneficiary has been changed for the purpose of security. Muslimo is a mother of five from Iskashi IDP sites in Somalia. Ever since her husband died she has been involved in an intense battle with her late husband's family who wanted her out of the property. Just because she wanted to marry another man instead of her late husband's brother. So, as a result she has been receiving numerous threats from her late husband's family which included taking away the children from her as well as evicting her from her household. So, next slide please. So, Muslimo just contacted the Norfield hotline numbers that is being used within IDP sites and reported the incidents where the Norfield protection teams had to immediately respond to her case. So the monitors registered her case and provided her with psychosocial support to help her deal with the trauma that comes with the situation that she has gone through. The monitors as well sat down with her late husband's family together with the community leaders to try to sort out the difference without much success. Because they wanted the land and it was much harder for her to sort out the issues. So, Muslimo requested if she can be relocated to a different IDP sites with her children. So, the Norfield HLP team with the permission from her late husband's family decided to with the support from the camp management committees and different different stakeholders within the IDP sites managed to to relocate her to a different IDP sites in the area district. So, Muslimo was provided with cash assistance and food package to help her settle in her new settlement. So, next slide please. So, first eviction has been happening with abandon in most of the IDP sites in Somalia and represent a constant risk for women. So, women are disproportionately affected with under those right whose rights are violated either directly or indirectly by immediate family members and the community at large. Some of the time, first eviction are also exaggerating the risk of gender based violence among women and reduce women's access to HLP rights. So, next slide please. So, major leaders who are affected are the female headed household in accessing HLP rights. So, eviction mostly in Somalia leads to family separation and women are always sidelined in land decision making most of the time. Eviction have more negative impact on women due to loss of household property financial savings that usually usually save at times. So, most of the time destruction of critical infrastructures like school create more responsibility for women to take care of children who remain at home most of the time. Some of the HLP assets owned by women or obtained as part of inheritance may be lost during most of the eviction once the eviction occurs. So, next slide please. So, some of the good practices that we have been we have been using and we have been integrating GBB actors into most of our most of our existing HLP information sessions. We have as well engaged both men and women on HLP rights. This is majorly to change attitudes and perception in how they view the women HLP rights. So, we have been engaging local authority in spearheading IDP land owners platform. For example, we have been using the case study in Baidaw where the local authority were providing alternative land for settlement. Provincion of hotline numbers to report any threat of eviction. For example, if there is any case of eviction, we might be, we might be, we might be taking into action on how to solve them as well. So, we have been integrating complain and feedback mechanism where we have been receiving different complain from the camp resident on how they were being evicted and they were having lease agreements that were valid. So, we have been formalizing. We have been working on formalizing tenure, for example, changing land tenure document from verbal agreement into, for example, a five years lease agreement engaging. So, engaging influential individuals in the community, such as religious leaders to explain the benefits of ensuring women are empowered with HLP rights. Some of the lesson clans that we have learned at once while we were implementing our HLP activities, we have learned that improving coordination through existing structures such as community centers where women are brought together and they are being informed on the available information on housing land and property. Using existing alternative dispute resolution such structures such as dialogue groups to respond to HLP issues. Engagement of multistake holders enhance knowledge on women rights and other HLP issues, strengthening the capacity of municipalities to respond to forced eviction and other HLP issues. Some encounters, you might encounter some fake or made up evictions that they can encounter the local authority once they are capacitated. So, we have been using use of visual arts invisibility, for example invisibility material targeting community members who can't read. And building capacity of women in leadership roles. So this is a right based approach toward awareness campaign and related intervention mixed the dialogue groups for contributing to more women engagement in HLP rights. So next slide please. So, this is some of the tutorial on forced eviction in Belgrade IDP sites in Mogadishu. On my left, on my left hand side you can see post eviction response services that has been provided by the Norfield team, the psychosocial support and the food distribution that has been provided for the evicted beneficiaries. So, next slide please. So, you can find the more resources on the Norfield website, the NRC Somalia, as well as the protection cluster. So the key contact persons you can reach out to are the Banati Regional Administration. Evelyn Aero, who is acting HLPUR coordinator in Somalia, as well as Mustafa Artif, the project manager in Norfield. Christine Arda, who is the senior protection cluster coordinator here. Thank you, back to you Evelyn. Thank you, Mustafa. So it's also good for us to hear from local actors that have access to certain locations that we are able to deliver HLP services. But what is important to note is that you highlight key issues that women face, not just because of the general HLP violations, but when they are forcefully evicted. It's also important to see that using men as advocates for displaced women's HLP rights is a strategy that can increase women's access to housing, land and property. We also see that harmful customary practices do feature heavily in your presentation, but also it's important for us to know that sometimes custom is used to interpret legal provisions and even religious provisions that provide certain protections to women's housing, land and property rights. It's also good to note that there are certain solutions to these challenges that women are facing and some of the good practices and the lessons that you have learned that you've been able to use for more women's HLP rights, empowering women using, identifying the coping mechanisms that women use to address the HLP rights and ensuring that you are able to contribute or build on to this, creating an enabling environment as well. So, capacity building and capacity development, this features a lot. So, thank you so much. Hand of applause to our panelists this afternoon. Those have been very enriching discussions. I would now like to hand over to Jim, who will take us through the Q&A. Over to you Jim. Thanks Evelyn, and please do if questions stand out to you as well, please do raise them. So, you have the link to the Jamboard. You've been adding some great comments and questions there. And I just want to start off with a question that was asked a few times for Rhoda, but was also probably relevant for probably all of the speakers, which is about the need for ID and assistance. So, the question was, there was several questions around how, what about those without valid ID? Are you able to assist those without ID? And just the importance of having ID. And I know some people work on that issue specifically and others don't. But Rhoda, maybe you could address that first and then we can go to others. Thank you very much, Jim. As on the issue of the ID, one of the mandate of IOM is to monitor displacement among IDPs. So usually there's what we call the DTM card, the Displacement Tracking Metrics card, that is usually issued to all IDPs that have been registered. And the importance of the ID card is that it is used to track the movements and mobility of this IDPs. And since most of the IDPs that are currently in the location where the implementation took place are mostly from no state, most of them have already received registration of that ID card. We, of course, found a few who had either lost the ID card or were never registered in the first place. We worked in collaboration with the DTM unit here in IOM to register those participants, issue them with a Displacement Tracking Metrics card, and then they were able to participate on the project. But also, all thanks to NRC here in Nigeria, who is currently collaborating with the National Identity Management Commission in provision of ID feed identity documentation, especially for IDPs incomes. Most of our participants were able to access one form of the National Identification card. All thanks to NRC Nigeria. Thank you very much. Thanks, Rhoda. So, yeah, so if their ID is lacking, then you try and find ways to establish some kind of identification. So I'll pass to the team in Syria and I believe you work on this issue. So yeah, Laura, please go ahead. Yes, thank you. I mean, we do have this problem in Syria and in the region as well as many Syrian lost their document or were displaced in the area which were outside of the control of the government. So where official identification document were not available. So we have cases across the region of Syrian who don't have the document, have alternative document, have document issue by the fact authorities, by customer authorities, for example, mookters and others, or don't have the complete set of documents. So we are dealing with under documented, undocumented, documented with different type of documents. And I think the key really is to ensure that vulnerable people, which are the one under documented or non documented are not left behind. So we have a regional level found solution in terms of accepting any form of identification that the person can produce, or if these are not available, we are also using to witness so that the person can someone can, you know, testify that this is so and so and so that the humanitarian assistance can can be given. So I think this is something that also NRC has as an internal policy, but we're also working with the other sector because this was also concerned for, for example, dissemination of food items or distribution of other humanitarian assistance where ID cards were unfortunately required. And so there was also the risk that the most vulnerable one were left behind. Thank you and over. Thanks Lara. Yes, it's that that issue that those that don't have the idea are often the most vulnerable. So how do we work in a way that is accountable and transparent but but support those people that need it most. Fatih, did you have any reflection on that question from your experience. Yes, I mean the practicality of that question, particularly in a place like Somalia is also very challenging, but I really find it fascinating that that comment came up and it makes me happy because it also shows that people are really starting to understand that things that might otherwise be simple and straightforward can have a disproportionate impact on women right so something as simple as ID is that realistic for all women, especially in cases of displacement where local authority are you going to go to to secure that ID right so it's really showing in some of the work that we do to is really looking at how just policies and legislation and rules and regulations can have that disproportionate impact but it does seem like a standard requirement that you would need to show ID but what is behind it and for us to kind of interrogate how realistic that is for everyone it's another issue of access. Thanks Fatih. Mustafa, did you have any experience with your work with no fill in Somalia how you deal with the issue of ID and the need for ID. As Fatih said, ID has not been a real issue here. It's not something that people have had access to. They don't have any access to identification document. It has been a challenge accessing the land rights and coming into accessing the land documentation at the point is an issue. So it is you bringing the person who knows you is your point of identification. Thank you. So using the communities that getting people who know people to act as a form of identification and Laura you mentioned as well different types of identification, different types of evidence that might show who you are or a link to a particular place or space. Yeah, thank you. Thank you everybody. One more question and sadly I think this might be the last one but we'll see but it's a question a few people have asked about but it's about how you engage with. So one question was asking specifically about engagement with like male stakeholders so that could be in families households community level. Another person asked about engaging with sort of non state armed groups as well. So I wonder if you had any reflections on how to engage with I suppose with those that you might see as needing to be persuaded on on on what we want to do to see women improve their HLP rights. Who would like to go first thinking about that one. It's a big question. Do any of you work. Yeah, go on Fatty. Fatty go ahead. Okay, yeah sorry. No. Again, I think I mentioned in my presentation to that this isn't a woman's only issue that it really requires collective work. And one of the things to that we really need to think about is sometimes there might even be backlash if you're just constantly promoting women's rights in a way where it might seem to others that you're somehow taking something away from them. We know that land and property are really contentious they're really emotionally driven, they're very valuable assets to people and so having that sort of, you know, defensive mechanism to it is something that might naturally happen. And so we need to bring people in to kind of understand that giving rights to vulnerable groups is not going to take away rights from other groups. And I've seen a lot of reports that come out that kind of people justify why women don't deserve or need their HLP rights. And they always somehow comes back to their reliance or dependency on male relatives right. And so we really need to push forward the narrative that this is really about individual autonomy and agency, and again just basic human rights, and not about women, taking on a more second class citizen role within their societies. Thanks with anyone else let's talk about that how we engage with others in this. Yes, I think. I mean, also for the serial response. This is a sensitive issue of course, but women themselves, especially in the region clearly express the desire to find solution that allow them to obtain some security of tenure, but also at the same time in the relationship with their families or the social network and the importance of this relationship with family has to remain especially during this placement and in a post conflict situation so there was quite a lot of interest for example to explore the use of a negotiation and finding solution within the family but also really keeping and managing the dispute. And these, you know, difference of opinion in regards to what are the rights, you know of sisters or the rights of the brothers in the family so that this can be resolved in the family in order not to bring shame, but also really as I said to this very important family ties that that women need to have for their survival so engaging with the man of the family to find a solution is key. Thank you. Thanks Laura. I'm anyone else like to come in on this one. Okay well thank you for your, your points. Oh, sorry. I wanted to say something. Okay. Did you have a question? I'm from the RDC. I wanted to make a comment on that. Oh sorry. No just go into the English channel. Thanks. Okay go ahead sorry. Thank you very much really for this theme that is very, very rich. It is true that the situation of women's rights is always a problem because at this point I consider it as it has become a law or something that we want to try to stigmatise even women. If we should consider women as a human being like everyone else and talk about men's rights and not try to put a certain specificity. Because I am a manager at home. Indeed, when the legislators elaborate the text, they do not really go to women. Sometimes you feel that it is a written law. But sometimes it remains as if we were still in the consumer rights. Indeed, I am here in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Usually women are linked to the property of men. And not the opposite. And often in many families when the husband and mother, sometimes women explain it easily. They did not have good relations with the family member. Because that is also a very important element. Because sometimes women can think that they have rights, but they also have obligations. And among the obligations, social obligations are really part of a basic element to allow women also to judge certain properties even to the death of their husband. That's what I think. It feels free to write in the chat because what we're going to do is gather everything together that's been said and put that as part of the report. So thank you for your intervention. I'd like to welcome now Adam Schumacher from USAID who is going to offer some closing remarks. Adam is the acting team leader for the gender, age and social inclusion team in the Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance. And I pass to him with great thanks for all our panellists for your interventions today. Adam. Thanks, Jim. I would like to take this opportunity to thank the organizers of the Global Protection Forum, and in particular those who made this session on women's housing and land and property rights in the humanitarian assistance response possible. I would also like to thank the panelists and the presenters on the case studies of Nigeria, Somalia and Syria who provided incredibly insightful and compelling perspectives on the challenges that this place women face with HLP rights in these respective countries. To that end, I also greatly appreciate that these discussions also focused on viable and durable solutions that we all collectively can learn from. I am very pleased to be here today as a representative of the US government. I recognize that HLP is a vital issue for people who are forcibly displaced and consequently very often face the urgent basic need of safe shelter. The US government also recognizes that HLP is not just a question of shelter, but also one of protection. It is clear that the lack of HLP rights can hamper access to humanitarian assistance and life-saving services and pose a major risk for sexual exploitation, abuse and extortion. This goes beyond a humanitarian issue. It's critical to all our efforts to bridge the humanitarian development nexus. HLP is one of the principal factors for determining the economic and social well-being of women and other vulnerable groups, especially in situations of conflict and reconstruction when their rights are violated on a mass scale. As we heard today, the simple fact is that women's HLP needs are disproportionate because land rights and tenure systems actively discriminate against them. Social practices that exclude women from land and property ownership are all too common. As a number of forcibly displaced people continues to increase as a result of conflict, crises and climate change, so does the number of women who face discriminatory HLP practices. Case in point, men's lands holdings are almost three times the size of those of women. These discussions today on Nigeria, Somalia and Syria underscore that addressing HLP is representative of the important link between gender equality, durable solutions and HDP nexus outcomes. The US government is committed to addressing barriers to safe, habitable living spaces for all. In fact, US government funded HLP programming around the world has expanded in recent years. We've supported partners to provide community awareness raising on HLP rights and legal assistance to secure land tenure and lease documentation. We also have increased our advocacy engagements with authorities to promote equitable provision of post disaster shelter. Our partners also implement community based prevention measures such as dispute resolution on HLP rights and all these efforts must include particular tension on the impact of HLP rights on women and other vulnerable populations. Looking forward, the US government seeks to strengthen engagements with other fellow donors implementing partners and global coordination groups such as this forum, as well as a global camp management and camp coordination HLP working group, and under the global shelter cluster. These coordination efforts are essential to further defining and in some cases refining global standards in HLP coordination advocacy and programming as well as HLP field level coordination clusters. This is why it is so essential to enhance cross culture collaboration with humanitarian shelter and protection actors. To ultimately create better and safer HLP outcomes. Despite our progress to date, HLP needs worldwide, HLP needs worldwide are remain acute. On behalf of the US government, we are grateful to the organizers for bringing this community of practice together, and for the opportunity to learn from practitioners who face these challenges every day. Thank you, you all and looking forward to growing our partnership in this important work. Thanks so much Adam, really appreciate those comments and yeah and thank you to all of our speakers today. Thank you to Brigitte, Evelyn, Rhoda, Mustafa, Fatih, Shareen, Laura, Mai and Adam. It's been fantastic session today and just a couple of things just to mention just as we sign off. If you'd like to be on the HLP AOR mailing list and receive the newsletter, I've just posted the link there for you to sign up. Please do have a look at this newsletter. It talks to a lot of the issues we've discussed today. And if you need to get in touch with me as the AOR coordinator, please do. My email is hopefully going to just be put in the chat as well. But if not, you can find it through the website. And yeah, just to say there is a specific theme of the HLP AOR that focuses on displaced women's HLP. So if you would like to be involved in that, then please do get in touch. But that is it from us. Just want to say thank you so much. There will be a report and some follow up. We'll draw together the comments from the Jamboard and from from all of you. So yeah, I just want to say thank you so much for your time, for your participation. And yeah, let's keep in touch. Thank you everybody.