 Clean water and 842 million people are undernourished. 1.3 billion people have no access to electricity and 2.6 billion people are without sanitary cooking facilities. For secure access to clean and safe energy, water and food are essential building blocks for producing extreme poverty and for building a healthy future. And fertile environment that can provide long-term economic security for many of the poorest people. Environment is often destroyed for short-term economic gain. The provision of energy through dirty sources and deforestation and land clearing for greenhouse gases such as more frequent intense storms or dry spells taught those with the least resilience in ways of tackling extreme poverty with smarter ways of building in resilience as climactic variability costs increase. The biggest challenge is seeing the big officials from health, finance, climate, education, economics, energy, food and science. Good morning everyone. My name is Michelle Hussein, I'm a BBC journalist and it's my pleasure to be moderating this next session which is really focused on two very pressing challenges that the world faces today. Attacking extreme poverty through the next stage of the Millennium Development Goals and also making progress, long-awaited progress on an international framework for climate change. Sometimes these goals compete. Often people are seen more in one camp than the other but of course there is so much evidence now about how these goals can and should be tackled together. Progress on development can easily be eroded by extreme weather and climate disruption and the environment often pays the price for short-term economic gain. So the question will be how we can consider these two goals through the same prism as we move forward with the development agenda. So I'm delighted to welcome to our panel the UN Secretary General, Mr. Ban Ki-moon, the President of the World Bank, Dr. Jim Kim, the Prime Minister of Norway, Ernest Solberg, the Finance Minister of Nigeria, Ngozi Okonjo-Iwela, the former US Vice President and Nobel Laureate Al Gore, Bill Gates of the Gates Foundation, and the CEO of Unilever Paul Polman. So some very different perspectives from within the panel. I'd like to begin, if I may, by asking the Secretary General to outline how he would like to see this debate move forward. And with the global economy and better health, Secretary General, I'm assuming that you would want the focus to return to some of the things that might have been bypassed in the last few years. Thank you. Thank you for this opportunity, and good morning, everyone. It's a great pleasure to discuss with you, listen your concerns, and explain my vision on climate change. Climate change has been on the top of our global agenda many years, but without much satisfactory progress because of all differences of national interest with some lack of global vision, it's true that all science has been telling us this climate change has been putting all of us, us and our planet Earth, at risk. Our communities and our businesses, small or large. And even our national security, political instability, has been caused by the impact of climate change. Then we have to tackle this climate change. There is some misperception that tackling climate change wouldn't affect or reduce our capacity to address global growth, millennium development goals, our future developments. I think this is wrong perception. Climate change will put all of us onto sustainable development growth. And addressing all of our life and our business activities in a sustainable way will help us in tackling climate change. Therefore, these two issues are mutually reinforcing, mutually supporting. Tackling climate change will first of all enable us to have universal access to energy. It will strengthen our capacity to resilient infrastructure. It will also help our global health, sustainable urban and transportation and biodiversity. And it will also help us to address climate change short-lived pollutants. All these are very important ones which we have invested onto this one. That is why I'm going to convene Climate Change Summit Meeting at the United Nations on September 23rd. This will be only dedicated on climate change. I'm inviting all government leaders, business leaders and civil society leaders and even philanthropic community leaders so that they can bring their own commitment. There are two purposes. First, raise political awareness and political will at the highest possible because we do not have any time loose at this time. We have only two years. Please bring your ambitious target and commitment to tackle this climate change. And second one is to catalyze ambitious and decisive actions on the ground, on all the challenges which we are now facing in our planet Earth. For that, I have some clear messages to first political leaders and business community leaders and civil society leaders. Because in addressing this climate change, sustainable development, we need to have a very strong, tight partnership among government, business communities and civil societies. To business political leaders, please come to the United Nations Summit Meeting on climate change with a very decisive and determined and passionate and visionary leadership for the future of our generation and for the future of sustainable planet Earth. Instruct your negotiators with a firm and decisive visionary leadership. Then for business community leaders, I have four messages to tell you. First, increase your investment, bankers, service providers, increase your finance flows to sustainable growth, sustainable growth. Now, low-carbon energy, climate resilient infrastructures and deployment, including deployment of climate bonds, then decrease your investment in carbon-intensive and obsolete technology and business as usual business patterns. Thirdly, enhance your transparency with regard to greenhouse gas emissions from the assets or from the companies you have invested or you are financing. Then, fourthly, work together with the government and civil society and align your business practices to sustainable path. Then lastly, civil society leaders. You are not in the government, you are not in the business, but you represent the moral voice of the people on the ground. Raise your voice. If your government's policies is not in line with sustainable business practices, then raise your voice and challenge your president, prime ministers, senators and congressmen and business leaders. If business practices are business as usual, just not in line with sustainable development, not helpful in tackling climate change, again raise your voice and United Nations will hear your concerns and aspirations. That is the main purpose of having summit meeting on climate change this September. And from there, we will go to Peru next year in Paris to have a global legal climate agreement. So you hope that that meeting in September then pushes negotiations forward. Dr. Kim, I wonder if I could ask you, as the World Bank, you are involved in development programs and development plans right around the world. Do you think that those programs are written or viewed through a climate lens? Well, we are trying to look at everything we do from a climate lens, but let me just take a step back and look at the way that you have posed the question. There is development, and in my case, I have worked on health and education and development for most of my adult life. And then sometimes people juxtapose that with the environment. So let me just step back and say, you know, there is not yet in my head the importance of all these different problems, but there has been tremendous lessons that I think we as a global community have learned, and I certainly have learned personally. And if you look at some of the greatest social movements in history that accomplish their goal, one related to the child survival movement around vaccines, another related to the unbelievable movement to try to find both vaccines and treatment for HIV that have led to now 10 million people being treated, tremendous work, supported by Bill Gates on understanding the nature of the potential of a vaccine in HIV, that in all of those what happened was there was a plan and there were very specific targets with very specific end dates. And so I think, you know, the thing that we're trying to do now at the World Bank is to look at all of our projects and say, are there things that we know to be good? Good for the environment, good for people. For example, are there ways of reorganizing the way we do agriculture so that we both increase yields, put more carbon back into the ground and have an impact both on the climate and on people's ability to feed themselves? The good news is that there's a lot of programs like that, but they're mostly in the pilot project phase. And innovations in one place are not spread to other places and we're not scaling the things that we know are good. So if I were to look at these two, I would say this. Well, we have to make sure that we don't pull defeat out of the jaws of victory by losing sight of things like the MDGs. You know, one of the things that the Secretary of General and I are doing, and we instituted for the first time, is every six months all the heads of the UN agencies, along with myself and the IMF, are meeting to try to accelerate progress along the MDGs because those were good goals and they remain good goals and they will continue to remain good goals. And for climate, I think we have to step back and say, what are the things that we know to be good that we can do right now? Building more cleaner, more livable cities in New York City, they set a target of reducing their carbon intensity by 30% by 2030. They're going to get there by 2017 and the economy is growing. They found ways of growing the economy while at the same time reducing carbon footprint. So I would say at the end of the day that while there may not be some easy grand sort of bringing together of these issues, there are so many things that we know we can do right now and I would say we need to set some targets for September even for Secretary General's summit. Why wouldn't we be able to increase for example green bonds from the $10 billion current level to $20 billion? That's a perfectly reasonable goal to set something that's very positive and very good. Why don't we set a gigaton target for how much carbon as a world we can take out of the air over the next few years. So certainly there are lessons to be learned and both agendas I think are critically important. Al Gore is someone who's been known for a long time as a climate activist, evangelist. This must be music to your ears seeing development through a climate lens. Well, I think we're getting closer to a tipping point, a political tipping point. We're not there yet, but I want to thank Klaus Schwab and his team here at the Economic Forum for elevating the world's discussion of this issue and setting the stage for real action with the Secretary General's meeting in September and Dr. Kim's work. I think there is a convergence and a linkage. I think that the wonderful work that Bill and Melinda Gates are doing for example illustrates how crucial it is to because depressing the rate of child mortality, educating girls, empowering women and making fertility management ubiquitously available so women can choose how many children and the spacing of children is crucial to the future shape of human civilization. Africa is projected to have more people than China or India by mid-century, more than China and India combined by the end of the century. And this is one of the causal factors that must be addressed. Now where climate itself is concerned there is convergence there as well. These events that come out of climate related extreme weather really hurt the fight against poverty and the fight to improve health. This morning today there are 4 million refugees who are homeless in the Philippines and when Super Typhoon Haiyan formed in the windward areas of the Pacific before impacting the Philippines the Pacific Ocean was 3.4 degrees Celsius hotter than normal. 2 years ago just before Hurricane Sandy hit New York and New Jersey the windward areas of the Atlantic were 5 degrees Celsius warmer than normal. I think that these extreme weather events which are now 100 times more common than 30 years ago are really waking people's awareness all over the world and I think that is a game changer and it comes about of course because we continue to put 90 million tons of global warming pollution into the atmosphere every day as if it's an open sewer and the accumulated man-made global warming pollution there now according to calculations by NASA scientists trap enough extra heat energy in the earth system every day that equivalent to what would be released by 400,000 Hiroshima atomic bombs going off every day. That's why the oceans are warmer that's why the water, the air is warmer that's why the droughts are deeper the floods are bigger, the ice is melting but there's a second game changer and that is that the cost down curve for photovoltaic electric energy and to a lesser extent wind is now so impressive that in 13 countries the price of electricity from solar is equal to or cheaper than the grid average price and the projections are that over the next decade and perhaps sooner the vast majority of the people in the world will live in regions where that is true. It's not as steep a cost down curve as Moore's law and computer chips but it's very impressive opening up great opportunities for the world to really solve the climate crisis. Bill Gates I wonder how you view this new emphasis on climate and development. Do you have any concerns that if we place the emphasis more firmly in that direction that it may then reduce the focus in some of the areas where your foundation has made a lot of progress particularly on global health? Well the first thing I'd say is that the development agenda is actually going well and there's a bias because headlines are about bad news and setbacks and people want to raise more money want to remind us on what's yet to be done like a billion people still in extreme poverty but when you really look at it it's a very positive story whether you look at it from an economic point of view extreme poverty cut from 35% to 15% if you look at it on a country view the number of countries who've moved up to middle income now most people living in middle income countries which as you move up there you become at some point self sustaining and you don't need aid so we can focus aid on the countries that remain so we're doing a very good job on the economics we need to take the next 30 years and stay focused on that so I think as we renew the MDGs the idea of extreme poverty and child to death being there on the very first page as global priorities I think that's quite important the people who give aid like Norway who's extremely generous we're all getting smarter about how we use that and there's been a shift to health and agriculture there's been a shift to more measurement of these activities that hasn't gotten out and as Al Gore said if you get health improved if you get availability of contraceptions then families will voluntarily decide to have less children and that's good for all of this if you want to feed, educate preserve the environment getting the peak population to be closer to 9 and 10 billion that's good news so I don't think it's necessary focusing on climate change should take away from the development agenda climate change is a very important issue and in fact it should make us invest more in helping poor farmers because weather's always been a problem for them weather's increasingly a problem for them it wasn't good to begin with but the trends are not not in their favor and as they get better seeds, storage then they can handle a year that's bad now nutrition or in the extreme case starvation so the good news on the development agenda is there I think one thing that both agendas need is research and development focused on helping them achieve their goals so in health that would be an HIV vaccine a malaria vaccine in energy despite the progress reliable energy requires storage requires getting the economics to be even better and it's disappointing that the R&D budgets whether in the energy space or the health space haven't been a priority and the economic crisis has made it easier not to think of those investments because they only pay off in the 10 to 20 year time frame particularly if you add in the deployment complexities for both energy and health so I think both things are very important I think climates got an awareness problem and one issue I think we have to be careful of as the poorest are being lifted up as they're getting lights and refrigerators we are going to use more energy there's not a solution here where we use less energy we have to make the energy we use not emit any greenhouse gases and we have to make the energy available to the government I hope people are right that we can get the same sort of understanding of the solutions there that we now have in the development space well I'd like to turn now to the perspective from a country that sees the sharp end of all of this and turn to the finance minister of Nigeria how much are both of these challenges a debate a bit artificial in the sense that the way we experience these two phenomena if you want to put it that way on the ground is completely as one thing there's really no separation between the environmental impact and the development or poverty related impact I'll just give you a clear example in 2012 we experienced unprecedented floods in Nigeria and Benin on the West African coast that we hadn't had in 35 years and a million households were affected in my country and you know it set us back tremendously in terms of the poverty agenda livelihoods of farmers were wiped out investments we made in health and health clinics and all that were wiped out so there's no separation and to us if we do not get a grip now on solutions to deal with climate change today we look at everything we do I think this will cause a problem we also need to move away I think since we're experiencing this now we really need to move to solutions and I just want to say that in Africa we are not waiting we have come up with a solution of our own called the African risk capacity we've turned to private sector to look at what they're doing we've set up a weather based insurance mechanism we're trying to capitalise it with 150 million dollars countries will buy insurance and when there's an event instead of waiting several months for an appeal for humanitarian aid the insurance payments will kick in within three weeks I think we really need to focus on supporting these kinds of approaches that countries and continents are coming up with themselves to try to address both the problem of development and its linkage relationship with climate change I don't think we're focusing enough on that and we want action now well let's talk then about the solutions and get the business perspective because Paul Pullman from Unilever you know a company with a huge global presence the Secretary General has also called upon business to play its part what would playing its part or what does playing its part look like to you? Well the Secretary General was very courageous many times when he created the high level panel to look at the post-2015 goals he actually included some people Betty Maya from Kenya myself from the business community which obviously wasn't an easy decision and we had to earn our respect on the panel there but what was very clear is what Negosi says these issues are very integrally linked first of all let's go back to what this is all about is first and foremost as Bill mentioned is poverty alleviation but when we reached out as part of this year and a half effort on the panel it became also very clear with feedback by the way from business community that is about 10% of the global economy so an enormous response that we have to do this in a sustainable and equitable way and these are integrally linked and we should stop talking it as a problem but seeing it more and more as an opportunity which obviously would get much more attention of the business community so when we talk to the broader business community out there I think you see more and more business dealing with costs of climate change coming into their business model we're getting to a point that costs of some of the things that Elle was mentioning about the Philippines or other things exceed the cost of not having an investment are higher than the cost of doing the investment so it becomes an attractive opportunity in many of these areas and that is what obviously is very attractive for the business community you take the area of food security that Bill alluded to the billion people more or less that go to bed hungry every day not knowing that they wake up the next day yet we are wasting 750 billion of food in the supply chain 30 to 40% of the food is wasted that's an immense business opportunity forget about the fact that it's climate change because all that food needs to be produced the water so there's a climate change dimension to it so business understands the cost and wants to take more and more action business also unfortunately in the current economic or political climate looks a little bit more long term than the efforts politician and business is seeing what is happening with population growth running out of scarce resources with the projections of climate change if that is not reversed and business is actually more concerned than some of the political environment and then the last thing I mentioned is the opportunities so when we what we now see happening is here at the forum the world business council for sustainable development the global consumer goods forum we see enormous activities happening of multi-party partnerships often not only with the business community but also with governments or with civil society to attack these issues and to turn them in an opportunity the secretary general and myself this morning just came from the new efficient for agriculture something that started here four years ago it is now in 17 countries 5 billion is being unleashed the nutrition for growth added another 19 billion to that it deals directly with alleviating poverty focused on small farmers but under the zero hunger challenge in a sustainable way why not design it the right way we have created the topical forest alliance as an industry consumers don't want to buy anything anymore that comes from illegal deforestation we won't be able to sell out products assuming they know it is coming they are increasingly knowing because they are connected and talking to each other it happens in a factory in Bangladesh they also know or they certainly want to know if it is beef or horse meat they also want to know if it is sustainably sourced or non sustainably sourced it is happening as we talk just stopping the issue of illegal deforestation is 17% of global warming why not solve that in a way that also takes care of small hold farmers takes the climate change away 17% so business likes these tangible projects we have a unique opportunity now with the SDGs and the climate change negotiations coming together the summit that the secretary general has asked for in September to rally the business community to share these projects for scaling and to say also to our political community it is possible it is not a trade off we can do both and we can do both successfully for once in our lifetimes and probably the only our lifetimes not even our predecessors or the ones that come after us for once we have an opportunity all of us here in the audience in the next 15 years to eradicate poverty in a more sustainable and equitable way don't we want to be part of that and I can tell you I haven't met a business person who doesn't want to be part of that either Paul Paulman thank you let me turn now to the Norwegian Prime Minister Anna Solberg a new prime minister it's your first time at Davos your predecessors in the government made leadership on climate change really a cornerstone of what they're doing yours is a centre right coalition and I wonder whether the same leadership will be provided by Norway as has done in the past it will and it's the Norwegian parliament in 2007 and again in 2012 had a large agreement on the work against climate change it has a very strong and firm basis between most all of the political parties and the new government is ruling on that agreement and we are even saying that we are going to strengthen it with new measurements and of course fulfilling the goals that we have both internationally and nationally but if I may say something about the interlinking between poverty eradication and climate change I think we all can agree that these are interlinked we will not reach the MGGs if we have large climate catastrophes in the world because we know conflicts and catastrophes are turning backwards all the measures that we are reaching on the MGGs on the other hand we also know that growth has up until now been quite interlinked with more emissions so what we really do have to do is to decouple the economic growth with the emissions of greenhouse gases that means that we have to have these both about greenhouse gas emissions and about development at the same time and that means because I don't think any of us who sit in their well-being part of the world can say that the rest of the world will not need new energy because they will if we are going to reach the MGGs if we are going to increase them after 2015 then we will of course also need more energy and then we need mechanisms to make sure that that is more renewable that it's climate sustainable and that we have to look for that type of mechanisms as part of the new agenda and yet on this very note this week the European Union which has been one of the leaders of action in climate is rolling back on binding targets for nation-states on renewable energy Algel? Well I don't think that's fair Yes they rolled back the mandated targets for renewables but they actually moved aggressively forward in adopting a binding target for a 40% reduction in carbon emissions and actually the renewable energy projects have now, technologies have now begun to mature to the point where they can be a part of the mix. I still think there should be targets in my country for example but the EU has actually taken a step forward in my opinion So you weren't disappointed to see the announcement this week on the removal of those binding targets? I think that we have to wait and see how the enforcement mechanism is arrived at and designed because the 40% reduction will be allocated among the countries. There are large fines proposed for those countries that do not meet their allocated portion of the reduction target and how that works we will have to see but I am actually encouraged by what the EU has done and I think they've gotten a little bit of an unfair criticism on what they've just done Secretary General even in talks about the issues in climate I'm reminded of each time we have these big gatherings and you've referred to the one upcoming in Peru and later on in Paris, these are normally events which end with a huge amount of disappointment what is it that makes you think that your climate summit and the talks in the future are going to be any different? Before I answer that I would like to share with you what Vice President Al Gore just said yesterday I said this is a very positive one that EU has started ball rolling this is exactly what as a Secretary General of the United Nations before we convene summit meeting that the leaders would come out with bold measures and commitment to make sure that they are satisfied or not I think it is a very positive one we have to support as Al Gore just said that they are going to meet in March for summit meeting I strongly recommend and urge European leaders to make it a binding agreement internationally binding agreement which should be the commitment should be substantial scalable, measurable and also replicable this is my message and we will work very closely with the European Union and others there are some encouraging countries like China is also very much committed still they have to cut greenhouse gas emissions a lot but the leadership has a very strong commitment and even the United States President Obama is very much determined to lead this one even though he may have some congressional relationship difficulty with the Congress but I since you hope that all these major countries lead this campaign now about summit meeting there are some things that what kind of agreement or achievement will you have this is not going to be a negotiation forum negotiation will have to be done by at the United Nations framework convention on climate change what is known as UNFCCC but my message to the leaders is that this time you must be very serious we don't have time to lose give direction to your negotiators look beyond your national boundaries climate change does not respect the national border it impacts whole global world this is my message this will be a solutions based summit this will be action oriented summit this is my strong commitment then we will go through I expect that negotiators will make solid document draft documents so that from next year we will be able to really negotiate and then by the time it comes to Paris 2015 this is a promise agreement among the member states of the United Nations they agree that let us agree on climate change that is their agreement so they must keep this target by 2015 thank you let's just talk about the Millennium Development Goals for a moment and about the set of goals that will eventually replace them Bill Gates I wonder what you would really want to see you already said that you would want to see extreme poverty and childhood death on the first page but how ambitious should they be or is it important that they are achievable in order that some kind of momentum remains well the first MDGs did a fantastic job they actually set targets for the world that were so ambitious that we didn't achieve all of them the poverty goal number one we achieved people point out that China is a big part of that but the rest of the world also made progress we cut it by half going forward our analysis looking at getting vaccine distribution better new vaccines that will come along we think we can do another two-thirds reduction goal and from maternal mortality we ought to be able to cut that at least in half so the experts have been talking about ambitious goals and so if the original goals emerge as still big priorities the updating of those I think will be very straightforward Prime Minister I think one of the really good the reasons where we get these good results is that they were measurable they were concrete and I think it's very important that the post 2015 is the same that it doesn't come into it's measurable it's target that you can meet but they have to be ambitious at the same time and personally I believe also that there is a gender part of this because one of the areas that we have not reached the millennium goals on are some of the gender goals that we had that's why I think one of the priorities that we should work on still is girls and education because education is part of what really makes gender equality easier and we know it's a large investment when you invest in girls education but I think the most important thing is that we don't end up with political goals that are good to make speeches on but not very easy to measure if the politicians and the national leaders who have made the decisions in fact can follow through Minister Thank you I just wanted to come in here and say that one of the reasons why we sometimes encounter these difficulties in the summits that you talked about and we don't move forward as fast is because we haven't yet come to grips so agreed on how these meeting these goals are going to be financed I think that issues always found particularly for developing countries whether it's on the eradication of poverty agenda or the environmental integrating the environmental aspects the issue of financing is a very important one and it often breaks down when we can't come to agreement on that so I think we really need to think as we move towards the post 2015 and I want to thank the Secretary General for the panel that we were privileged to work on with Paul and others and what we achieved the financing and the enabling is key if we can't come to grips with that both for the environmental side the development side and the SDGs we will find I think we need to think very creatively work has shown both by the World Bank the international energy agency and others fossil fuel subsidies I think the latest figure is about $544 billion now you know that if we face this out we could release resources that would go towards financing some of these goals that we are talking about we need to think about how we can better mobilize their own domestic resources and I think in many of the African countries we have finance ministers we are actively ourselves meeting and thinking of how can we do better in terms of our own domestic resource mobilization improving our tax system financing ourselves not just about international donors no it's not all about donors now most of us you know we are now on a different path that's the path of looking at investment of the private sector and what we can do with private sector solutions that's the path of looking at ourselves and what we can do and there's very little investment really in trying to support these systems of domestic resource mobilizations better tax administration but also getting the world to phase out of fossil fuel we tried it in Nigeria it was a very costly political move and my president was very brave to stick with it and it was a very costly oil subsidies we have I think we should all be brave to try to I'd like to come to Paul Polman in a second but Dr. Kim I mean that's a call to action for you if not to be doing the financing but to identify those mechanisms to help the countries unleash some of those resources that the minister is talking about the fossil fuel subsidies is a great example and it's so politically difficult and so one social protection for the poorest so that the removal of fossil fuels has a relatively lower impact and sometimes that has made it easier to remove those subsidies but we've really talked about in the area of climate change five very concrete things that we can do right now you know we don't want to get into the situation that we got into in Copenhagen Moore's everyone was waiting for the political agreement thinking that's when they were going to take action so we've been focusing on things that we think are very practical that we can do right now the phasing out of fossil fuel subsidies is so difficult politically but we're making support for the poorest available to any country that wants to start down that process I think but it could never amount to the same amount as the subsidy can it I mean the help that you offer yeah you know we think that there are good examples of providing enough social support for the poorest so that they are not impacted by the removal of fuel subsidies and the point is you've got to find a way to do that in order to make it politically feasible and there are some good examples of when that's happened again it's so difficult because most people are thinking in terms of short term political cycles but the other things like Bill mentioned about agriculture protecting smallholder farmers there are things that we can do right now in agriculture in urbanization and in making financing available for renewable energy we can do that right now and my own view if we get aggressive in setting some targets setting some goals that can actually help the political process be more effective so I just want to repeat we need to set some goals for what we're going to be pledging in September something that we can all bring to the table in September and hope that our concrete action will spur along the political process Paul Polman you were talking about business investing to guard against climate change but how do you the advantage of a national framework is that you can look at it in a broad perspective and join up what you do in different areas if different businesses act individually then how do you get the same effect you need a skill for impact to get the effect and that's obviously where the Millennium Development Goals come in because they provide a wonderful framework also for business like it does for government to force these partnerships so let me built on what Bill was saying there's an enormous progress we still have 500 days I always remind people my watch isn't giving the time it's actually counting the days that we still have to finish the other Millennium Development Goals that we're still working on so let's do that the business community has been extremely helpful to say we want clear targets we want these targets to be time bound we want to be held accountable like we hold other people accountable this whole transparency is a very important part of the goals that are coming up we also put a special section in on partnership there are two different forms of partnership one of them is a global partnership for the overall development which is a partnership based on morality the role that we have to speak for the people that can speak for themselves which is the ones that go to bed hungry and the second partnership is concrete partnership on projects where we all need to work together I think we've all come to the conclusion including business that these issues we're trying to solve here are incredibly complex and incredibly difficult to solve alone for governments, for business etc this is a unique opportunity that we have to work in this partnership and for business it has given an enormous education but also an enormous opportunity we've learned that it's not just about food security but it's also about nutrition and if it's also about nutrition it's also about wash and hygiene we've learned about the role of small-hold farmers we know how important it is to invest in women you have no idea what these Millennium Development Discussions do to educate business to make their business models more effective but also to see the business opportunities much broader on how they can contribute I'm sure that the future unilever business model in fact we're working this already is much stronger because I've spent one and a half years being exposed to a lot of other things bigger partnerships are emerging multi-party, not only business again with governments, with NGOs we probably would have never talked with if we sit in the room together and suddenly get a breakthrough there are two final comments one of them is what the Secretary General was saying before Felipe Calderon is working out a former president of Mexico on the climate economy we need to break this paradigm that we can't have one and the other we need to break this paradigm that we cannot alleviate poverty and solve climate change the climate change economy is going to show that this is an opportunity for positive growth for job creation to feed in your experiences and your examples the second thing is this is not a government process it really bothers me that we say these governments are negotiating something for the world this is a citizens process and business also is there to serve the citizens so we need to enroll the broadest group of people the response we got from young people in the process leading up to the Task Force report makes me convinced that we need to fight home just at the World Economic Forum here a project which is called Future Awesome where all the companies and others put all their connections together get the Twitter's, the Facebook's the Google's and others together as well we can connect a billion a billion and a half people to create this movement because it's for everybody out there you mentioned the complexity of the debate and I'll go I suppose the difficulty with climate has been the facts are so alarming and many people might feel that there's a line to the idea of a warmer world I think there's not much that can be done about it the business imperative is an interesting one and I wonder how much difference you think it is going to make to the mood on climate well Paul Pullman and the company he leads Unilever are among the finest examples anywhere in the world of business doing well and doing good simultaneously by having a higher ambition to adopt the highest values and consumer facing businesses in particular are rewarded for this as they should be but it helps them with retention and recruitment and with every aspect of the business it unlocks a higher fraction of the human potential among those who work in these businesses and businesses are beginning to show great leadership on the climate issue and on the development challenges that we have but still many do not and even with business leadership we will need governmental actions we need to put a price on carbon we need to put a price on carbon in markets and we need to put a price on denial in politics and we need to recognize as we head toward the secretary general's meeting in September that there is still a gap between the kinds of measures that are being discussed and the dramatic advances that are necessary in order to safeguard the future of human civilization. Elsewhere in Switzerland, thank you to the Swiss people, there are these negotiations involving the future of Syria that is a drought prone region scientists tell us that the droughts are made deeper and more harmful from 2006 to 2010 a million people from rural areas of Syria were driven by the worst drought they've had into the cities joining a million refugees from Iraq by the way and the sectarian tensions just bubbled out of control as a result in 2010 Russia had the worst drought in its history and the worst fires they withdrew their grain from the markets as did Ukraine and Kazakhstan because of the same climate related weather event and food prices reached the highest level in all of history it was a food vendor in Tunisia who set himself on fire many other factors but there were food riots in many countries we have to recognize that the vulnerability system to droughts fires the disruption of the precipitation cycles more threats from pests and heat stress itself this represents a huge challenge and so as we find ways to get a higher ambition to put a price on carbon we have to also recognize that yes it's a citizen problem governments will have to take action and Mr. Secretary General I hope that everyone here within the sound of our voices will be a part of the conversation and the cultural shift on climate and on the larger challenge of securing the human future so as to embolden the governments that you need support from as you tackle this challenge Bill Gates a final word about the next stage maybe of the foundations work are you going to broaden what you do so that you are working across some of what have been seen as divides in the development world in terms of mitigation the things that you do for poor farmers without climate change are exactly the same things you do for poor farmers with climate change you give them drought resistance seeds you give them higher and that's actually a growing part of our activity and a lot of great science that will let us move forward on that in terms of health as we've said that is the leading thing that gets these very high population growth rates down and that's occurring in exactly the place the world can least afford it's in Yemen it's in Pakistan it's in parts of Africa that have the least ability to support people so the focus of our foundation for my lifetime will be these health and agricultural issues you've got to specialize we think that we can go from a world where 6 million children a year are dying get that down to under 2 million and so we're going to stay focused on those things until we achieve health equity where if you're born in a poor country you're no more likely to die than any other child on the planet okay well these are these are big issues and this is a crucial moment to discuss them as the UN moves into really focusing on this in the months and in the 18 months also ahead and please join me in thanking all the panelists and thank you in the audience