 Hi everyone, welcome to Shankar IEA's Academy. Today we are going to discuss some tips and strategies that might help you to face prelims questions confidently in the upcoming prelims, as well as in the subsequent prelims examination. So, you know that prelims is the first step of a dream towards a civil servant officer and to achieve the three-step process of UPS civil service examination. And this year the prelims is going to happen within a time span of one month. And so these strategies and steps may help you to achieve good marks that is above the cutoff and you can start confidently for the mains preparation. So let's start, welcome on again. So before starting the particular strategies for tackling the prelims question, you should keep in mind that no candidate can learn everything in the syllabus as per the UPSC. So this is a fact. Second thing is no one can revise everything before the examination. So every candidate might think that I can't learn everything under the syllabus. I can't revise everything in the syllabus. So how I can able to crack this prelims examination. But these are myths. So you should understand that no candidate can learn everything in the syllabus as well as no one can revise everything before the examination. And also no one can mark all questions correct. Even the old India topo cannot mark 100 questions correct and get 200 marks. No, it is not possible. And also no one can predict all the UPSC questions. Even if some academies may argue that they predict all the 100 questions in UPSC prelims journal paper one, it is a myth and it is not correct because UPSC is always one step ahead of all these academies and our expectations. So prelims is a unique examination. Why it is unique? Because we can't expect a pattern of questions and we can't expect a particular pattern in this examination that in one exam history may dominate in another exam geography may dominate in another exam economy may dominate. So if you see someone predict the pattern of UPSC examination just ignore it. And another important unique feature is there is less number of direct questions in the preliminary examination unlike many other competitive examination like entrance examination or state PSE examinations. Then more number of analytical type of question is a unique feature in prelims. Then single question can interconnect multiple subjects in prelims. So if you learn history or geography or economy alone, you may not be able to answer all questions because a wider knowledge which connecting economy to geography, geography to history, history to polity may be required to answer a single question. Finally, options are highly confusing so that a candidate may feel difficulty to answer a particular question. How many questions a candidate need to attempt? Yes, this is a confusion or a doubt that is possessed by most of the candidate. How many questions do I need to attempt to crack this examination? But I would say based on my personal experience, this is depending upon that particular candidate to attempt how many questions. Using my analytical skill, I found out that there are two category of candidates, mainly one is high accuracy people. That means they may correct the attempted questions on a high number. So they usually attempt less number of questions. So out of that less number of question, they attempt more answers correctly. So I belong to this category. In the last year prelims, I attempted only 72 questions and I go around according to a different answer and I go around 120. The real mark is yet to be disclosed but this is the first category of people and second category of people is less accuracy people. That means they attempt more number of questions but they can mark correct less number of questions. So in the first category that is a high accuracy people, they can attempt less number of questions and make into the cut off marks. And if you are a low accuracy people category, then you have to attempt more number of questions to get into the cut off marks. So how to know in which category you belongs depending upon your experiences by attempting mock tests. After attempting each mock test, you have to analyze yourself in which category you belong to, either high accuracy or low accuracy. And depending upon that, you can attempt question in the real UPSC preliminary examination. If you are a high accuracy, attempt less number. If you are a low accuracy, attempt more number to get into the cut off marks. According to my personal experience, I faced this preliminary examination in a two-step approach. One thing is go through the entire stretch of 100 questions and answer those questions in which you have 100% surety. That is you know the answer, that is you are 100% confident attempt those questions in the first go. So after completing 100 questions, you will get an idea that how many questions that you are confident enough that the answer is correct. And in the second time, when you go through from the first 200 questions, you can use the preliminary specific strategies and techniques like elimination, intelligence guessing, et cetera, that we are yet to discuss. So you can first go through the entire stretch of this question paper, answer those which are 100% confident. And then in the second round, you can use the preliminary specific strategies. Remember, this is my personal experience and my personal strategy. It may fit to some people, but it may not. So you have to identify your own personal strategy to attempt preliminary examination based on your mock test attending experience. So now we can go to the specific strategies and tricks that may help you to tackle the questions in the preliminary examination confidently and to find out the correct answer and get above the cutoff, like 10 plus or up to 120. So let's go for that. Depending upon my analysis of preliminary questions of last various years, I found out that there are some 14 kinds of questions are asked in 14 types of questions are asked in preliminary examination. So we can go one by one. The first thing is a direct question type, which is very simple category. So in this question, what is the importance of this question? In this question, you can answer very easily. You may not take much time. You can answer within a fraction of some seconds. So for example, in the last year question, we are going through by analysis of 2019 preliminary paper. See this question 50, under which schedule of the constitution of India can transfer of the tribal land to private parties for mining be declared null and void? This is a direct question. This is a simple question. Anyone who go through the quality and its schedule will understand that the autonomic powers of the tribals are in the fifth schedule. So there is no confusing options there. So anyone can answer it very easily. That is option B, fifth schedule. There's no doubt in that. Similarly, in the next question, that is in the 88th question, which of the following adopted a law on data protection and privacy for its citizen known as general data protection regulation in April, 2016 and started implementation of it from 25th May, 2018. Even though the UPSC described so much in that particular question, the question is very simple. That is who adopted general data protection regulation? Anyone who go through the current affairs of last one year know that it is the European Union that is option C. So what is the importance of this direct, simple question? You can save the time. That is the most important thing and you should not spend much time reading these questions. You should bubble the answer as quickly as possible and save the time for the confusing questions. So this is the first kind of question. Next to Anders, a direct type, but difficult questions. Serious question, question number eight, which seems difficult for me in the last year prelims examination in which of the following reliefs culture inscriptions is Ranyu Ashoka or King Ashoka mentioned along with the stone portrait of Ashoka. So there are four places are there, but during my preparation of ancient and medieval history of India, I have never come across a question like this or a fact like this. So the thing is even if I think over and over it, I cannot find this answer. So maybe the candidate who come from these places may be able to identify these questions like easy one, but for the others, it is a difficult question. So what do you need to do this question? You cannot find the answer. So the skip the question as early as possible because you should not waste the time here also. So in the direct question, irrespective of if it is a simple or difficult, you have to decide that whether you need to answer it or you need to skip it and do it as early as possible. So do not waste the time for the direct question. So this is the thing. So here the answer is Kanganahalli that is the answer in this particular according to the UPSC key. So I was not aware about this during my examination. So I skipped this question in the first stage. So these are the two types of questions, direct simple and direct difficult. And this is the third category that is logic and general ideas based question. So all questions in the preliminary examination may not be from these syllabus or may not be from the textbooks that we learn. For example, see this question 56. Which article of the constitution of India safeguards one's right to marry the person of one's choice? This question may feel confusing to some, but see this is a question that where we need to use our logic. Here the safe code one writes to marry is the personal liberty. So personal liberty associated article is article 21. So this is general idea and logic using question. So you can answer it very simply. So use your logic and general ideas in some questions. So you can answer it very easily. That is 56 answer is B. So always the facts from the textbooks or the facts from the academy notes may not be enough to find an answer. You may need to use your logic sense and sensibility to answer particular questions. And this is a fourth category that is pre-existing knowledge is a must. That is in all questions we cannot use brilliant specific strategies. In some questions we need some background knowledge to answer that particular question. So this is a kind of question. See the global competitiveness report is published by there are four organizations like IMF, UN, that is trade and development conference, World Economic Forum and World Bank. If you don't know this particular world competitiveness report and who publish it you can't answer this particular question. Whatever strategy you apply like elimination or intelligent kissing or whatever it is you cannot answer this question unless you know the fact. So for some question a pre-existing knowledge is very, very important and this question belong to that category. And here the answer is see that is a world economic forum. The global competitiveness report is published by World Economic Forum. So this is the fourth category of question that can be asked in the prelims where a pre-existing idea or knowledge is necessary to answer those questions. So if you know that particular fact or knowledge you can answer it otherwise skip it. Do not try to attempt those questions and get negative marks. And this is a fifth and one of the most important strategy that you can apply during the preliminary question answering that is intelligent guessing. And what is an intelligent guessing? Intelligent guessing is not simply like a betting or gambling but it is using all the knowledge all the logic and all the general ideas that you acquire through the entire stretch of preparation to answer a particular question. So that is intelligent guessing. Otherwise it is simply a guessing but here it is not a simple guessing but it is an intelligent guessing. See this question. Who among the following Mughal emperors shifted emphasis from illustrated manuscripts to album and individual portrait? So some Mughal emperor who is more fond of pictures and paintings do this. That is the idea that we get from the after reading this particular question. So we can't learn everything about Mughal emperors. We can't learn every steps and actions that is taken by the Mughal emperors. So the thing is how to intelligently guess that particular answer correctly after reading this question. So some emperors who is very much attracted towards painting and portraits did it. And if you read the entire Mughal history you can understand that Jahangir was famous for the attraction for the work towards painting and portraits. So he might question answers option C Jahangir. Jahangir is a known as the Mughal painter. So you can intelligently guess this particular answer if you know that particular idea and if you know this background of each Mughal emperor even if you don't know specifically this particular action that is illustrated manuscripts to album and individual portrait. So I am just mentioning one or two example for each category of question but in every UPSC preliminary examination paper you can find that many questions are belong to this each category that is intelligent guessing or logical general idea based in each category of these types of questions. So I just mentioned one example. So this is how you can do intelligent guessing. So remember intelligence guessing is not simply emphatic but using all information that you gained in your entire stretch of preparation and another is absolute keywords. So first we can go to the questions which contain vague keyword. Wage keyword means that gives some uncertainty to that particular statement like some maybe sometimes can be rarely these kinds of keywords can be there in many questions and as well as in the options. So the thing is if you find that these kinds of keywords are there the chance of that particular statement being correct is high. UPSC is usually do this. Remember this is not an exclusive pattern that is followed by UPSC but majority of the time this is happening that if you find some this vague kind of keywords in the questions or in the options the chances of that statement being correct is high. High doesn't mean that 100% but it is high. See this question 28. Some species of turtles are herbivorous. See some species. Some species of fish are herbivorous. Again the second statement also contains some. And the third statement is some species of marine mammals are herbivorous. It also contains the vague keyword some. And fourth one is some species of snakes are viviparous. Which of the statements given above are correct? That is the question. So all the four statements contain the vague keyword some. So as per our assumption the chances of being correct all the four statement being correct is high. The answer is B that is all the four statements are correct. So this is a thing that is followed by most of the questions in UPSC that contain this vague kind of keyword that is some maybe can be or sometimes the chance of being correct for the particular statement will be high. So please keep in that mind. And second type of keywords is the absolute kind of keyword that is always all hundred percentage completely drastically steadily. If you analyze the previous questions you can find many such kind of absolute keyword in the question. Unlike the previous that is vague type of keyword if you find some absolute kind of keyword in the questions or in the statements chances of being that statement correct is very low. That is a statement might be wrong. So this is a general assumption that is happening in majority of the UPSC questions. So chance of being correct is very low. That means the statement might be wrong. So you should be precautious before attempting those kind of questions. So this question is an example 48. Consider the following statements. One, coal sector was nationalized by the government of India under Indira Gandhi. The fact of you know, okay, well and good. Second thing is now coal blocs are allocated on lottery basis. Of course it is a part of current affairs. Third thing, third statement. Till recently, India imported coal to me or there is an absolute keyword is there. The chances of being the statement wrong is high. So the third statement is wrong. If you do the elimination technique along with that which of the following statements given above is your our current. That is the third one only. So that is the answer 48A. So this is the importance of absolute keyword in UPSC question. So this is another question. So consider the following statement. Most of India's external debt is owned by governmental entities. Most, another absolute keyword. Second statement is all of India's external debt is denominated in US dollars. All, again an absolute statement. If you're going through our assumption, most and all are absolute keywords. So chances of these statements being correct is low. So most probably the answer is neither one or two. Yes, the answer is the neither one or two. So this way you can identify which statement is, there is a high chance of the statement being wrong and you can answer accordingly. So this is the importance of keyword. Again, UPSC is not 100% always do not follow the same pattern. Exceptions can be there. So you should remember that thing also. Now, another important strategy that you can follow in the preliminary examination is elimination. There are two kinds of elimination in preliminary examination. Single-step elimination and two-step elimination. We can first go to the single-step elimination. In single-step elimination, we can eliminate the three options in the single-step itself. That is, we can identify the answer very quickly in a single-step process. See these questions, you will get more into it. Read the following statement. The first statement is the parliament, the prevention of disqualification act, 1959, exempt several posts from disqualification on the grounds of office of profit. Second is the above mentioned act was amended five times. Who knows that? How many times the act is amended or not. And the third thing is the term office of profit is well-defined in the constitution of India. See in the current affairs, we have seen many issues between the political parties regarding the office of profit. And that is because in constitution of India, office of profit is not well-defined. If it is well-defined, then there will not be much struggle between these political parties. So we know that the statement three is wrong. It is not well-defined. It is vaguely defined in the constitution of India. So we know that the statement three is wrong. So we can eliminate all the options containing statement three, that is B, C and D. So in a single-step, we can find out the answer that is A, one and two only. This is a single-step elimination. See another question. Consider the following statement. Cold sector was, as I previously mentioned this question, cold sector was nationalized by government of India, Indira Gandhi. Now cold books are allowed on a lottery basis. And third statement, that is, now India is a self-sufficient in cold production. That statement is wrong. So if we eliminate the three, third statement that is B, C and D can be eliminated, then we will get the answer that is one. So this is a single-step elimination. This is a simple procedure. If you know that particular statement which is wrong, then we can eliminate three options and finally conclude to the single option, which is the answer. And second type of elimination is a two-step. Here we can directly eliminate that particular, directly eliminate three options, but by two or more steps, we can eliminate the three options and find out the answer. See the question. In India, which of the following review the independent regulators in sectors like telecommunication, insurance, electricity, et cetera? First is, at how committee is set up by the parliament, parliamentary department related to standing committee, finance commission, financial sector legislative reform commission and NETI IOC. So the thing is who regulate or review the independent regulators in telecommunication, insurance, electricity, et cetera? This is a vague question and a difficult question. But see, the fifth statement is NETI IOC. We know that NETI IOC is a think tank. There is no review or regulatory power for it. So we can eliminate NETI IOC from the option. So the option five is eliminated. So we can remove option C and D. So we finally confined to A and B. There is a 15th percentage chance being getting a correct answer. And again, look at the third statement that is finance commission. We know what are the powers, what are the objectives and missions of finance commission. And in that particular static portion, we never come across a function like review of independent regulators in these sectors. So we know that finance commission is also not doing this particular job. So we can eliminate finance commission also. So option B is also eliminated. So finally we confined it to a single option that is option A and answer is one and two. So this is a two-step elimination. The first step using NETI IOC, we eliminated option C and D. And then using finance commission, we eliminated option B also and finally reached the answer. So this is a two-step elimination. But the thing is we need to know the powers and functions of NETI IOC and finance commission. Then only we can do this. But even if we don't know the powers and functions of finance commission, but we only know the NETI IOC, then also we can remove two options and reach to A and B. Again, eliminating a single option, there is a high chance of getting a correct answer. That is a probability of marking a correct answer will be high. If there is four options, probability will be 25% only. When you eliminate one option, that probability increases to 33%. If you eliminate two options, that probability will increase to 50%. So when this increase in probability, there is more chance of getting the correct answer. So as much as possible, eliminate all options and find and increases probability to 100%. So try for that. So this is elimination two-step. Remember the next kind of question is options to the savior. That means some options, that is the statements that's given in UPSC preliminary examinations may interconnected. And one options may give an idea that another option is wrong. Or one option may give the idea that another option is right. So let's see that. See this question, consider the following. Deification of Buddha, that is the first statement. Deification means consider Buddha's divine or considering Buddha's God, et cetera. Then second thing is trading the path of Bodhisattva's and third is image worship of ritual. Which of the above is or are the features or features of Mahayana Buddhism? That's a question. So the first statement is defecation of Buddha, that is considering Buddha as God. And third thing is image worship and ritual. If there is a God, then there will be an image and some rituals will be there. So the statement one and three are interconnected. They are synced with each other. So we know that if one is correct, three is also correct. So in this particular options that is given below, that is ABCD, one and three are only there in option D. So we can understand that option D is the only possible correct answer in this particular question. So we can directly answer this particular question as option D, one, two and three. So the option one, the statement one support statement three and statement three mutually support statement one. So this will help to identify the particular correct option. And similarly in another question, 91, in the context of digital technologies for entertainment, consider the following statements. So statement one in augmented reality is simulated environment is created and the physical world is completely shut out. See, it is an augmented reality. As the nine indicate instantly augmenting the reality. It is not completely shutting down the physical world. So the statement one is wrong because augmented reality and completely shut down. Again, there's an absolute keyword that is completely, so chances of being that statement wrong is high. So the statement is wrong. In virtual reality, images generated from a computer are projected onto real life objects of surrounding. We don't know that particular statement, keep it there. AR allows, that is augmented reality allows individuals to be present in the world and improves the experience using the camera or smartphone or PC. And the fourth option is VR closes the world and transposes an individual providing complete immersion and experience. We know that the first statement is wrong where in augmented reality, there is no complete shutdown of the physical world. See the fourth option, fourth statement, VR closes the world. When the augmented reality augment the world by keeping some part of the physical world, VR closes the world. So we know that the first statement is wrong. That support the fourth statement is correct. That is in VR, which will close the physical world. So the first, the wrong first statement support the correctness of the fourth statement. So we know that the fourth statement is only correct. So we can eliminate A and C, then reminding is B and D. And AR allows individuals to be present in the world and improves the experiencing. That is the augmented reality, improving the experience. So we understood that the options three is correct. Option four is also correct by knowing that the statement one is wrong. So since the statement one is wrong, we identify that statement three and statement four are correct. And statement three and four, there is only one option that is B. So the answer to this question is option D. So in this way, some statement in the questions may support the correctness or wrongness of another statement. So you need to find out these and so that you can eliminate some options and find out the answer. So this is the options that become savior to find the answer. So that's a 10 type of question and 11 type is external knowledge. See UPSC preparation is wide and the knowledge we can get from any source cannot be ignored. And so the knowledge from anything, it may be a photo, it may be a cinema song, it may be a movie. So it may be a poster that we come across in the roadside. So anyway, the knowledge may be important to answer a particular question. See this question, consider the following statement. Asiatic line is naturally found in India only. Then humped, double humped camel is naturally found in India only. One humped rhinoceros is naturally found in India only. See one humped rhinoceros is naturally found in India only. We know that one humped rhinoceros is present in India that is in Assam especially. So since it is present in Assam, of course it will be there in Bangladesh also. So in India only that is wrong statement. So we can eliminate option C and B by identifying the statement three is wrong. They found in India only. In many movies, especially Bollywood movies, we have seen this double humped camel in Tibet area in the Central Asian country, especially the double humped camel is known as Bactrian camel. So it is present in all those Central Asian countries in the Chinese part also that we saw in many movies and songs. So the thing is we can use that knowledge that it is not only found in India but it is present in some other countries also. So we can eliminate that option two as well. So we can finally confine to a single option that is A that is one only Asiatic line is naturally found in India only. So using this kind of external knowledge, we can eliminate some options. We can identify some options which is being correct or wrong and use every big 10 pieces of knowledge that you gain through your entire life. Do not ignore any kind of knowledge from any sources or from any sources. Use those knowledge to find that particular answer. So that is the 11 type external knowledge. And another thing is this is personally the type of question that causes so many troubles for me that is don't think too much on a particular question. Don't think too much on a particular options. UPSC is not always a traitor. UPSC will not betray you always. So keep some confidence in UPSC as well. So thing is see this question for the measurement or estimation of which of the following are satellite images for remote sensing data is used. First statement is chlorophyll content in the vegetation of a specific location. Second statement greenhouse gas emissions from the rice parties of a specific location. Third statement is land surface temperature of a specific location. So all those things are general ideas. We know that there is immense power for remote sensing satellites and images. We can use all this because chlorophyll content is usually used for identifying these agricultural growth as well as in the density of forest. Greenhouse gas emission of course you can find out. Land surface temperature also can be find out using infrared sensors. So we know that all the statement is correct. There is chances of being all the statement is correct. So the option may be D. But if we reread this question like chlorophyll content can a satellite find out chlorophyll content or it is only the green color and also in a specific location. So if you're thinking in that kind of way that is scrutinizing each and every word in that particular statement you may feel that the statement is wrong. Then you may end up in a wrong option. So for many questions UPSC will directly ask you some information in those questions do not think too much and thinking too much in those cases may end up in wrong options. So straight forward you have to give the answer and here the answer is D, one, two and three. So keep some confidence in UPSC. And another thing is, another question is some questions may tempt you to mark wrong answers. Temptations may be there. See this question. Among the following, which one of the large which one of is the largest exporter of rice in the world in the last five years? China, India, Myanmar and Vietnam. Rice of course it may not be Myanmar and Vietnam they may confuse between China and India. Larger exporter of rice, we may think it is China because China is the top one in the export and China is also I think the largest producer of rice also. So there is a temptation that we need to answer China. Sometimes it's a temptation that we need to answer India especially world in the last five years. So that is a statement. So some questions may tempt you to answer. Majority of the time that temptation lead to wrong answers. If some confusing options are there and there is a highly temptations to you you need to think twice before bubble your answer. Because temptations are not the reason behind to bubble a particular answer. It should be the fact or knowledge or idea. Tempting you should ignore those temptations. You need to reread it. Still it is confusing, skip the questions, go to the next one or use some other strategy to answer that particular answer. But if you are going behind your temptations there is a high chance that you may end up in wrong answers. So here the answer is option B, India. It is not China who is a larger exporter of rice in the last five years but it is India. So if you go behind the temptations that is behind China then you may end up in wrong answers. So some questions may be there that seems very simple that tempt you to answer but there is a trap. So you need to keep it that way. And finally the last kind of questions in UPSC that is traps and questions. There can be multiple traps in every question especially the negative keywords, some orders like ascending order, descending order or some direction from North to South and South to North. You know every candidate during preliminary examination is like in a hot seat. They may be under pressure. They may be under tension especially towards the end of the examination. They may be under high pressure that their thought process, their brain may not work efficiently. So when there is a traps in some questions during this stressful situation you may fill in those particular traps. So do not fill in those traps and make negative marks. So the one thing is negative keywords. See the question number 64. Which of the following is not included in the asset of a commercial bank in India? It's a very simple question. We know that deposit is not an asset. So the answer is B. But when you read this particular question under a stressful situation you may not see that note. Even though UPSC given that particular question paper the note or negative keywords in a bold letter. Your eyes may not catch that particular negative keyword in that stressful situation. So if you all of a sudden if you go to find out the asset of a commercial bank you can go for advances, investment or money at all and you can bubble any of this answer. So you need to specifically look for any negative keyword. If you find any negative keyword you can underline or mark it on your question paper during the reading of question itself. So that you can understand that there is a negative word. We need to think twice before answering that question. Because under stressful situation you may miss these negative keyword. And the issue is this is a simple question. This can be directly answered. And if you make this particular question wrong once you back home and when you see the key like you may get regret. Like till the result of this preliminary examination publication that regret may be there. And if you lost that particular examination in the minuscule of marks that regret will be huge and that will haunt you for the entire one year till the next prilings. So should not make such kind of silly mistakes. And another trap in question is the order. See this question 33. Consider the following states Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Odisha with reference to the states mentioned debut in terms of percentage of forest cover to the total area of the state which one of the following is the correct assenting order. Assenting order of the forest coverage. Percentage of forest cover that is the question. Sometime the question may be the reverse it may be the dissenting order. So you need to specifically look for these kind of key words or traps like assenting order or dissenting order. Sometimes ordering from North to South from East to West or West to East from South to North. This kind of confusing words may be there. So you should be very careful while attending these answers. You need to stick that particular order itself because in the reverse order also there will be an option most of the time. So that may get you into a wrong answer. So here the answer is C that is three, two, four, one. Chhattisgarh is in this particular option. Chhattisgarh is the state having maximum percentage of forest cover and minimum is Maharashtra. So you will get the answer three, two, four, one that is option C. But the thing is you need to look for that assenting order that is the key word in that particular question. So you should not fill in the traps in this kind of questions because these questions are very simple. You may know that very easily. But the thing is you know the fact but you may bubble that question in a negative answer. So do not do that. And finally, I already said that there is no pattern of UPSC preparation or UPSC examination especially prelims examination but there is a pattern of mistake in every candidate. For example, for me, the pattern of mistakes were mainly two. One is questions with some statistics, some data, some facts. I usually end up in negative marks. And second thing is I think too much on some questions and get into the wrong answers. So these were the pattern of mistake that I did in most of the mock examinations. So I identified this by analyzing my negative marks in every mock examination. So I did not repeat that in the real UPSC preliminary examination. So every candidate may have a pattern of mistake. So you need to identify that pattern of mistake by analyzing the questions you mark wrong in your mock examination. And the thing is you should not repeat that mistake in the final examination. So repeating mistake is something that cannot be forgiven and that will haunt you towards the end of your life if you cannot clear this preliminary examination. So you know the mistake, identify that mistake and do not repeat that mistake in the final examination. So that is the final thing that I would like to tell you. Do not repeat the mistakes that you committed in your mock examination. So every candidate need to find out his or her own mistakes and do not repeat. Identify that pattern of mistakes and do not repeat. So this is actually this kind of questions that can be expected and this is actually the kind of strategies and techniques that you can do in your preliminary examination. But I already said these are based on my personal analysis of preliminary examinations in the past some five to six years and also analyzing the mock test questions. And so that it is not 100% applicable. And as I already said UPSC is one step ahead of all of us. So the thing is some candidate can use these kinds of techniques and tricks to identify some questions. Each mark is important for UPSC preliminary examination. Each mark will get you closer to this particular cutoff and eligible for writing the main examination. So you can use these techniques and strategies to at least find one question. Then that is the what success of this particular session. So do well use these strategies when you write your examination that is a real examination that is in October 4th this year. So do well do not commit any mistakes. So revise properly attend the exam confidently and pleasantly and do not under too much of stress and pressure. So do well hopefully everyone of you can write this main examination this year and clear and you can find your nine in the final list. So all the best. Thank you.