 Nanosellulose is a type of nanomaterial with high strength, high specific surface area and high surface energy. It is non-toxic, biocompatible, environmentally friendly and can be extracted from biomass resources. Due to its unique properties, nanosellulose can be used to enhance the mechanical properties of polymer matrices with shape memory effect and as a switching element of shape memory. This review discusses the methods for producing and properties of nanosellulose-based thermo-dash, moisture-dash and pH-sensitive polyurethane composites. The synergistic effect of nanosellulose and carbon nanofillers and possible applications of nanosellulose-based thermoplastic polyurethane biocomposites with shape memory effect are discussed. This article was authored by Marina Gorbinova, Leonid Grunin, Robert H. Morris and others.