 The presentation is on scaling of local land adaptation through local adaptation plan of action. Local adaptation plan of action called LAPA is a mechanism or approach through which different stakeholders, whether there is central, provincial or local government, they act in a collective manner with the aim that it trickle downs climate financing at the local level, builds capacity of the local government to really integrate climate change adaptation in their planning and budgeting process and mobilizes the vulnerable groups, especially youth, women, children, so that they are part of the decision-making planning and implementation that are aimed at reducing risk and building adaptive capacity and overall building resilience of their society. In Nepal, that has been in practice since 2010 and particularly LAPA, that is a very popular program in Nepal on climate change adaptation at local level, that has been localized and decentralized by the government. It uses particularly tools of BRA in which districts and communities are differentiated based on their vulnerability. It is actually a community-led and multi-stakeholder initiative and it integrates the financial mechanism from different sources, government, donor, local government and it can have budget from donor to both, un-budget and up-budget, both kind of budget. So it particularly focuses reducing risk and vulnerability of the poor people and actually it integrates gender and social inclusion component of climate change. So it includes women, youth, children and other. Particularly it integrates traditional knowledge and current science. You will know that when we prepare NAP, National Adaptation Plan, now question is how to implement the NAP at local level. LAPA is a means to implement national level of adaptation at local level. So particularly in the NAP and LAPA framework, you know institution, policy strategy, all level of government are integrated into one. So this is the model how the LAPA is being implemented at local level. So particularly it has been truly decentralized, truly localized. So it integrates with local community group, particularly community forestry, irrigation and other groups. So particularly LAPA is not business, it is business unusual because decisions are made at local level, lowest level, in which groups are formed and user committees are formed, in which particularly women, youth, children are given priorities and the funds that is available from donor communities are prioritized. It has been said that 80% of budget should go to local communities to implement the LAPA. So it invests in local people in order to develop their capacity and capability, so that they can continue their intervention and the program may be sustainable. So the LAPA reduces climate risk and uncertainty. It is flexible in terms of programming and learning, particularly it is based on community choice, community's priority, particularly and it ensures transparency and accountability because people when the funds are allocated at local level, so there is inbuilt process having monitoring and evaluation and public auditing very clearly. So through LAPA process, there is opportunity for collaborative action and investment through government, through donor, through community, through NGO, through civil society organized. So there is an opportunity. So if we talk about journey of LAPA, so I already spelled that. It has been started since 2010. Then first support that we have received from DFID and EUA, particularly to implement the LAPA process. The government then put the provision that 80% of the budget should go to local communities in order to implement LAPA. Now the government intend to implement LAPA in all 753 local governments. So in government, particularly intend to produce report in every five years, particularly with regards how the program is implemented. Now Nepal, the political system in Nepal has been changed previously from unitary system, federal system. So government also devised the LAPA primer in order to accommodate with federal system. So that is LAPA primer was devised in 2019. So there has been interconnection, vision and financial flow. So particularly it capacitated local community in terms of reducing immediate analysis priority and reduced loss and damage of local communities. So the question, how international community can better support LAPA. So they can allocate support, particularly focusing on locally their adaptation that must be incremental, predictable and time. So the climate finance should be accessible directly. So the intermediary organisation should not be expensive. The support that has been received in Nepal should go to local community. So we knew that LTCA adaptation point and different funding will do. They need to focus funding on locally related adaptation. Now at the moment, the amount of funding is just more than that. So we can develop mechanism of tracking, measuring and reporting, particularly on money being allocated to adaptation based on the primer that is being implemented. The particularly there has been limitation. If the budget is allocated by national government, that don't reach the level in time. It is a matter, not matter of corruption, but it is a matter of delay and bureaucracy. So particularly our request to international communities provide adequate funding support for implementation, both in terms of hardware and software. The LAPA begins with mobilising the local communities, especially these vulnerable and the most marginalised group. So they are involved in looking at what are the issues of climate change, how climate change is impacting them, their livelihood, their other resources and why it is a problem for them. Then they will look at probable causes of climate change across different types of livelihood assets where it is impacted. They will look at how specific interest groups are impacted negatively and then they are the one who are also proposing that what should be done. So if you look into all assessing, designing and planning in all stages, these groups, especially women, children, disabled, elderly and especially ethnic communities are part of this whole process and cycle of really building on the local knowledge and try to identify the issues as well as suggest what could be best for them and for the communities. LAPA is a process, it is a framework, it is a government, it is an implementation mechanism of locally-led adaptation, particularly governed by local communities based on political boundary and local government. In their constitution, it has been said that one third of the representative must be from women, girls, disabled, that means at least one third representative must be from gender and social English, that has been legally binding. So they intend to raise this threshold to 50%. So one of the major relations was during the piloting and implementation phase, it was, LAPA was more projectized. So it looked like a parallel process through which development agencies funded projects are running in parallel with local government planning. But after the federalism, since local government already have the institution structure mandate separate legal policy and they are capable of doing that. So in spirit of the federalism, the LAPA framework really focused on now we can't do parallel planning. So LAPA has to be part of the local planning and budgeting process where local government will take lead, where local communities will be involved in identifying their needs and priorities, where the resources will be decentralized and flow through the local government to the targeted groups. So this is one, one fundamental thing is how do you really move from projects to more program and more means streaming approach. Second fundamental thing is because there has been so much investment on development. So one of the challenges is how to make development investment more secure and how to make development more climate resilient. So the LAPA focus is not just only on community best community led livelihood, it also looked into infrastructure resources that are used by community that are for the communities. So how can local government secure their investment through climate resilient development planning and budgeting process. So the climate resilient planning and budgeting really guides the local governments to really look into the development project so that they can climate proof their development investment as well as it will be sustainable. So these are the two basic principle which really recognizes local government at the heart, but it recognizes that it is for the local communities, it is for that enhancing their livelihood and resilience and looking at the local infrastructure that are very, very important and relevant for sustaining the local livelihood. That's why it is locally led means local governments are in the forefront but in the decision making but the benefit are all in a trickle down to communities and also led.