 The present study found that fecal cow protectin and IGA concentrations buried according to gestational, lactational and age-related factors. Fecal cow protectin levels were significantly lower in puppies aged 4 to 6 weeks old compared to those aged 7 to 9 weeks old. Additionally, fecal cow protectin levels were significantly lower in pregnant and lactating bitches compared to healthy adult dogs. Furthermore, fecal IGA concentrations were significantly lower in bitches during their second month of lactation compared to their first month of lactation. Therefore, it is important to consider these physiological factors when using fecal cow protectin and IGA as biomarkers of gut health. This article was authored by Aurelian Grellit, Hannah Miele, Rémy M. Hullman and others.