 Let's write down from Alkaline. Carbides are any compounds of carbon, like Al4C3. We take only those carbides in which carbon has 4 molecules. Then only you form CH4. You only get methane in that process. No sir, I am asking you what is a carbide? You said it's not just an compound. We take for this preparation of methane, we take those carbides in which carbon has 4-9. Calcium carbide you say C2. This is also a carbide. This also we can use. I am just giving you example. We can also take 2 CA2 plus 2C for a differentiation like this. CA2 plus 2C. Sir, with so many compounds, we can use those compounds. Yes, calcium is one element plus carbon. Like hydrogen, hydrogen definition is what? BH3, hydrides of O-ron, H2, hydrides of oxygen. Calcium in any other element is the carbon. Is it one element or any? Generally one element. Calcium carbide we call it as. This we cannot use for the preparation of methane or alkene. But it is a carbide. That's why it is certain carbides. Hydrocarbides. Hydrocarbides also carbide. No, that is not. Hydrocarbides are not binding. Let's say I took calcium carbide. So over here it is about 2 C1 minus. This we won't use that one. So next. Now we have C1 in each other. They are already bonded. C minus and C minus we have. So minus, minus, minus, minus. It is a big problem. So like if O is C minus, if O is C, then it is one hydrogen. And after that it is all. Because they don't want to do it. I don't think that hydrogen molecule is stable. It is already become a molecule. So it won't react. So here it is over here. That won't form. This is not stable. Because the valency of carbon is not complete. So then lots of these come together. Because these are all free radicals. C minus and first of all you see it is a hypothetical. C minus you have. If H plus you get also. Then also it won't form C H. Actually this is not that stable. This will C H react with the other ion and it forms a product. Whatever possible product. C H won't form a product. So you put hydrogen in it and it won't form. Yes. Because it is not 4 minus. Otherwise it would have formed C H4. Then it is possible. From alkyl and anion. Alkyl and anion. On reaction with certain reagents. Anion. On reaction with certain reagents. Gives. Alkane. On reaction with certain reagents. Gives alkane. Reaction in anion. We will discuss this. If you use LI-ALH4. Ethium-aluminium hydride. It is a strong reducing agent. See you see. Is there a certain what? Dirty. Alkyl-ALY on reaction with certain reagents. Gives alkane. Product is R H. Dry ether. Is. Then C-U-C-L. And then R-C-L. Gives R-R-Dash. Gives R-R-Dash. With Z-L-H-C-L. It gives R-H. Dry ether. Both. Alkyl groups are the same. Dry ether. No this is for this one. For this one. The product that you get. It is two identical alkyl groups. It comes from here. I will explain this first. R-Z-L. Z-L. R-Z-L. It forms R-R-Dash. Any different alkyl group. R suppose one is methyl one is ethyl. One R other one is R-Dash. So it wouldn't work if I had R-Z-L. Like the same amount. So you can take this one also here. But this reaction with Z-L. It is fragment reaction. We used to get it one symmetrical alkyl. I will explain this. One more reaction we have in this. F-G with dry ether. F-G. Dry ether. First we use and then we use. H-2. Forms R-H. Forms R-H. Okay. Now this reaction we call it as. What is the reaction? F-G with dry ether. H-2. R-Z-L. This reaction is. Scory house reaction. Or we also call it as. Scory house synthesis. Scory house synthesis. This reaction we call it as. Franklin reaction. Similar to. Woods reaction. But this. In Woods reaction we get. Symmetrical alkyl. You have to obtain. Symmetrical alkyl. But you have this reaction. Woods reaction. This is unsymmetrical alkyl. And this one is also unsymmetrical. You can see here. Li-Al is more. Li-Al is more. It is a strong reducing agent. Strong reducing agent. It reduces my dried iron which replace this X. Forms R-H. Number of carbon atoms here and here will be same. This reaction. This reaction. You know a reagent called Grignard reagent. What is Grignard reagent? What is Grignard reagent? R-M-G-S. What is this R-M-G-S? This thing you will get in every chapter almost in organi chemistry. R-E-G-S. The director will do that. Yes. What is Grignard reagent? What is that? The R-M-G-S is a sigma bonded organometallic compound. We will discuss this thing also in coordination compound. One thing you have to memorize. This R will have negative charge here. M-G will have plus 2 and X will have negative charge here. R-M-G-S. M-G-S plus. This R-M-G-S can behave as a base. A base. Or a nucleophile. Base or nucleophiles. R-M-G-S. R-M-G-S. I did not finish it. See actually magnesium it is a complex of this metal magnesium. Magnesium loses two electrons. And it forms M-G-2 plus. Okay. Now it is the reaction of R-X and M-G. You always remember this reaction. When alkydolide reacts with M-G, dry ether. It forms R-M-G-X. It is a preparation method of Grignard reagent. R-X in which M-G is inserted. Now why this happens? Because any carbon say listen to this carefully. Any carbon halogen bond in presence of free electron is always the strength is very big. Carbon halogen bond becomes weak in presence of free electrons. Because you see this carbon and halogen is more electronegative. So it is delta negative and this is delta positive. In presence of free electron what happens? This R-X which the bond is already fuller. And the free electron one electron here delta negative delta positive. Since we have one positive charge center here. This electron has tendency to attack onto this alkyl group. Right. And then we have heterolytic fizzle. This halogen takes this two bond pair of electron. And goes out as X-. Okay. And it forms what? Minus. Yes sir it's minus. No R-M-G is zero. No that's it. No first we will get this. X-. With this electron it forms a radical right? One electron. And then another electron here taken up by this R radical. And then it forms R. Okay. This two electron is taken up by this halogen atom forms X-. Right. And one electron comes over here so it forms a radical. This is one electron and the third electron. Right. And finally we have used here one less than the electron. One electron here it comes over here and forms this R-. Now what are ions we have? We have this ion. We have this ion. And we have Mg2. Now this Mg2 plus. This Mg2 plus it's surrounded by all these ions. X-. And then what we have? R-. It's around this. Right. Dry ether. Right. So ether is surrounded by this. Right. So this actually RMGX we write like this in dry ether. But actually it exists in this way. As I was complex one of them. Whenever you write RMGX is dry ether it means it is this complex. Right. In case of solvent like H2 and all the complex is not stable. Right. That's why we always use dry ether in this way actually. So dry ether this complex is stable. If you have water molecule that will dissociate this bond. Right. That's what we will see now. You see in this reaction we are using water molecule in the second step. Second step we have H2O. Right. In the first step what happens? Rx with Mg dry ether it forms RMGX. Right. Now in this RMGX which exists in this form actually. Right. You are adding water in the second step. Okay. Water has active hydrogen. Active hydrogen means what? Hydrogen. Which has the molecule which can lose hydrogen as H plus. We are saying H O H over here. Electro-negative atom is a bonding. H nitrogen is a bonding. H carbon is a bonding. Sv hydrogen is a carbon. Right. If you have hydrogen like this. H. This is also active hydrogen. That is also active hydrogen. There are many examples for this. Okay. And whenever RMGX with active hydrogen it behaves as a base over there. What I said here. This may behave as a base or as a nucleophile. So nucleophilic tendency it shows with carbonyl compound. And behind you don't know about that. That we will discuss this separately also. I am saying no current expertise. Now just I am telling you that this RMGX is behaving as a base. Why? Because water is there it has active hydrogen. So this R minus from water in the next step takes H plus. And forms R H and MGA where it goes up. How many percent? Fifty percent. Okay. So first of all what this you understood. RMGX with this complex. Right. Now what happens in the first step. When you have Rx with. Rx with. I will write down the whole reaction. First step is MG. It is a reaction of formation of Rignard reagent. RMGX forms. Now in this RMGX when you put water molecule H2O. This R minus takes this H. And it forms R H plus MGX and O H. This is the entire reaction. Okay. So here in this reaction. This is behaving as a. This is behaving as a base. It takes H plus this is acid. So this is acid base reaction. Second step. I will write down now. So this is the reaction of the Rx and MGX. No. We are not using RMGX. It is a stable in drying. That is why. That is why dry ether is required here. You cannot use water. Because this is watered all over. So this bond is not that stable. It is to break the ring. So that is what is happening in the next step. Water is added. So this is RH minus. Okay. I will write down the reaction. So the reaction is this RMGX plus H2O. It forms RH plus MG O H. This is a strong acid. And this is weak acid. The reaction is going from strong to weak acid. It is for various reasons. This behaving as a base here. This base here. Takes H plus 2 more to more. It forms this. This reaction is MG dry ether. Understood. This one. It is not that strong. We base has to go to strong acid. No. Strong acid is going to weak acid. So how do we conjugate it? We say an acid here. No. This is an acid. This base here. That is okay. So we base it as a weak acid. It is stronger than this. Usually it is not strong. But in this reaction we can compare. This is RMGX plus H2O. Okay. So basically this is an acid based reaction. Okay. This is an acid based reaction.