 This is Andrew Michael. I'd like to talk to you today about the Radhard integrated current limiter and space applications portfolio. For those of you who are unfamiliar with ST, we are one of the world's largest semiconductor companies with a broad range of differentiated semiconductor technologies and addressing markets that include automotive, industrial, personal electronics, communications equipment, computers and peripherals, and of course space, the subject of today's webinar. Our 2019 revenues were close to $10 billion with about 46,000 employees, about 8,000 in R&D, and over 80 sales and marketing offices in 36 countries around the world. Servicing more than 100,000 customers worldwide, our technology is found almost everywhere you find microelectronics. We are a global company with a strong presence of around 750 people in the US. Our 11 manufacturing sites worldwide master all aspects of the semiconductor supply chain from front end to back end. When it comes to space, our back end manufacturing and testing space qualified plant is based in Ren, France. It's qualified by both the DLA and the ESA. The first space qualification in Ren happened back in 1977 with ESA more than 40 years ago. The key activities are QMLV, ESCC, and JNS qualification assembly and screening of space parts and magnetically sealed packages and dye. This is the overview of our space operating. Our space-grade parts are built using digital power and mixed technologies and include analog, logic, power transistors, rectifiers, interfaces, and power management devices. Next I would like to talk about the new integrated current limiter. We showed a demonstration of this part at the NASREC show last August. Our background for development of this part is that current limiter devices are typically used for bus protection purposes and power distribution control units. The screen version has historically been used, but has a relevant impact on PCB area. The ICL is our tentative to fuse approach in the commercial telecommunication satellites. Our goals, develop an ICL that embeds most of the components to avoid recurrent redesign by using discrete components to be able to cover all basic design needs and implement additional requirements by making this ICL an attractive standard product. Now let's look at the main features of the ICL. It supports a wide supply range of 8.5 to 52 volts, which is ideal for a 28-volt bus. It has a very low supply current of 1.5 milliamps. It has three operation modes, latched and latched mode, where the overcurrent event is detected. The device supplies the load with a limited current for a configurable time interval called TON. Afterwards, the device switches off the P-Channel FET and external reset is needed to restore normal operation. Retrigable mode is the same as latched with the TON period, and afterwards, the device switches off the P-Channel FET, but this time for a recovering time called TON, and this time as it laps, the device restarts. This is useful for temporary faults to try to restart the system. Holdback mode limits the current as soon as the overvoltage current event is detected. The FETs never turned off completely, but if the output voltage decreases during the event, the current limit value is decreased accordingly to ensure the current remains at a safe value even in short-circuit conditions. It's highly configurable. Normal current limitation setting, there's a configurable trip-off and recovery times, and there's an undervoltage protection threshold both on and hysteresis. Loading ground functionality, and there's a smart current limitation for repetitive overload, is also a digital and analog telemetry. As far as radiation characteristics go, TID is 100kRAD, SEL and SU-EU-free, up to 75 MEVs, and its set has been characterized. Let's look at the advantages versus a discrete solution. This is turnkey solution ready to use with new features, got significant reduction of solution size on PCB compared to discrete solution thanks to the higher level of integration. It avoids time-consuming recurrent redesign of the screeds when you must change the current or other parameters. Got reduction of the development risk and cost. Got remote control in case of fault, this way the mission can control the device. This function is available on the latch mode. Applications, main bus protection from excessive current demands in space application. For aerospace science missions, for Leo and Geo missions, for telecom missions with bus up to 52 volts. Unextendable and higher voltages, 100 volts or more, by means of the usage of external components. Here's the application circuit diagram. Not all the components are needed, but it depends on the output mode. Let me go around and clockwise order and describe the pins. Let's start at the top with the VCC, your supplied pin. Thanks to the sense resistor, this will set your current limit. And the P-Channel FET, which is set for the current desired. Moving down, you have the VD pin to sense the output voltage, TM pin for the analog telemetry. STS is a digital telemetry pin, I'll explain those functions later. There's some filtering on the extreme right and a freewheeling diode for inductive loads. Moving to the bottom of the diagram, we have the ground with some resistors to give a floating ground feature. I'll be describing that later. And going to the left, we have all the configuration pins for the T-ON, T-OFF, and the other options. The undervoltage lockout has a simple resistor divider. An IntelliCommand interface has a circuit adaptable which is from the command device to the ICL. This device can be configured into four different modes through proper combination auger configuration pins according to the table below. If you look on the left side, there's different modes, latch-on and start-up, latch-off and start-up, retrigable or full-back. If you look across the top, different pins are set full-back pin, can be either grounded or VCC. Set STS can be tied either to VCC or ground. T-C-ON can be either enabled or disabled. T-C-OFF enabled or disabled. T-ON either a capacitor connected to it or ground. And T-OFF can be either a capacitor connected or ground. Also in a full-back mode, we have requires three additional external resistors. This next slide is a very important feature. Our device has a floating ground. It allows it to work over a wide voltage range keeping an almost constant VCC to ground voltage. The internal short of VCC to ground is not acceptable. So we have an internal Zener diode plus an external resistor, our up-ground, used for this protection. The Zener will clamp the voltage to 14.8 volts typically and the resistor will limit the current. This allows the device to be inserted into a high voltage power supply unit. Also adoption of high voltage technology for the IC is not mandatory. The ICL device internally works with a fixed voltage, whatever VCC value. With this Zener, the PSRR, which is power supply reduction ratio, is optimized. The cupping resistors are up-ground, must be properly sized because it will sustain the voltage stress and not the ICL device. Current limitation value ILM on the system is set easily by changing the value of the external sense resistor, R-sense. High voltage op-amp embedded in the current sense loop has an internal fixed offset that's not adjustable of 100 millivolts. The voltage drop on external R-sense resistor is continuously monitored and paired with 100 millivolts internal offset. Tion, the trip-off time, is easily set by the Cion cap and the R-I-Ruff resistor. In returnable mode, we also have the recovery time, T-off, that is 20 times the C-off cap value times the R-I-Ruff value. When the device is configured in fold-back mode, it never turns off, especially when an overcurrent occurs, otherwise the mission could be compromised. When an overcurrent event is detected, the device provides a current limit whose value goes in tracking with the output voltage, reaching a small and safe value, even if a short circuit on a load occurs and remains. In other words, the output current shall be limited with a fold-back V-I characteristic in order to limit the power dissipation of the external VET. This mode requires three additional resistors. Now let's look at the reaction time. As soon as the current crosses the ILM threshold, it takes some time for the analog loop to start acting. This is a reaction time. Let's look at the pink area. During this interview, the current is out of control and limited only by the totaled impedance in downstream the power MOSFET. The rising current stops as soon as the internal current loop starts to react, thus deepening the reaction time of the ICL, the green area. Once the output current has reached the peak value, it starts to decrease back to lower values. The shape of the current during this interview is influenced not only by the control circuit of the device, but also by the harness, cables, and filters downstream the ICL device. The target is three to five microseconds. What happens when your bus voltage is higher than 52 volts? Because we use a floating ground with the addition of a few more components, it is able to withstand higher than 90 volts. You can see the zener and green, which is added to clamp the voltage between VCC and VD in case the load is shorted to the bus ground. There's also added MOSFETs to telemetry and status signals in pink, since they have direct connection to the bus ground to clamp the voltage. Full support can be supplied for your application if you have to tailor it to a unique situation. Here are the audible parts and the resources available. We have three different versions in stock now. Evaluation model, engineering models, flight models. We have a datasheet online at st.com. We have the SMD. We have the evaluation boards available in stock in three different versions. We have an evaluation board manuals online. We have a radiation report, just requested. Spice models available, flyers available. We have three different technical papers. Here's the three different evaluation boards available. If different, depending on your output mode, now let's move to overview of the ST Micro's portfolio for space applications. Thanks to ST's broad range of products and technologies, we can cover power, analog signal conditioning, and digital interfacing needs, including A to Ds and D to As for seamless power and signal condition solution. In this single slide, we show all our space product families. The radiation hardness, their qualification status, whether QMLB or ESCC, and the main characteristics in a simple selection guide. Each device is available in the engineering model version with lower costs and reduced radar test and guarantee, and flight spec flight model version with SMD assigned by the DLA. Some highlights on our power management and the next few slides. Our L49-13 is one of our best-selling LVOs in the space industry. We've been around for almost 20 years with widespread market recognition on match radiation performance and several unsuccessful attempts from competitors to make a similar device. The L49-13A is adjustable positive voltage regulator, able to provide two amps of maximum current in a flat-16 package or three amps in a SMD package. The input voltage range is 3 to 12 volts. Typical dropout voltage of 350 millivolts at 400 milliamps. A new generation LVO is the RHFL-6008. It keeps the best-in-class 300K rad radiation performance and improves in several aspects. Key advantage over the L49-13 is a strongly enhanced set behavior at 120 MEVs. Got a lower voltage drop, got access to feedback loop for compensation and stability with low ESR caps. Has a smoother dynamic response thanks to the emitter bias current sense on the output stage as shown in the black diagram. And there's a grounded lid on the package. Some of these improvements came at the cost of a small increase in current consumption in shutdown. 35 microamps versus 15 microamps of the 49-13. The RHRPM-POL01 is a single-phase, depth-down, monolithic switching regulator with a .8 volts, high-precision internal voltage reference, and integrated end-channel power MOSFETs for synchronous operation. The device has been developed using ST's 320 nanometer BCD6 SOI technology that offers excellent performance against the SEL effect. The regulator input voltage range is up to 12 volts and the output voltage is adjustable from .8 to 85% of the end. The DC output currents tested and guaranteed at 7 amps, even if the regulator is able to output more than 10 amps under proper conditions. The controller is based on peak current load architecture for superior load transient response and stable switching frequency. The fault management consists of not latched output over voltage protection, over current protection, and auto recovery thermal protection. Even though the device is tested and guaranteed up to 12 volts via the end, radiation performance is guaranteed up to an input voltage of 7 volts. The switching frequency is adjustable from 10, I mean from 100 kilohertz to 1 megahertz. RPOL has been designed to supply FPGAs, DSPs, MCUs, and ASICs in general for space applications. It's possible to synchronize the switching frequency of two or more of these and to regulate the independent output voltages. By connecting the sync pins of two devices, they'll be synchronized to each other and out of phase by 180 degrees. This reduces the size of the input cap and avoids the peak frequency disturbance. It's also possible to use two or more of these in interleave mode or current sharing configuration, as shown on the right side of the slide. In this case, to regulate it with supply power and to the same voltage rail, increasing the low current capability. This is a typical use case for FPGA core supplies. For more than 30 amps might be needed to supply at 1 volt or less, as shown in the next slide. This block diagram shows a typical reference design where a combination of our RH, RPM, POL ones, and our RHF, L6000s, LDOs are used to supply the voltage rail of FPGA and the DDR3 memory. LDOs are used for the noise sensitive loads or when the output current is low enough to make the power dissipation acceptable. The last products I'd like to highlight for power management are the ST1843 and 1845 PWM controllers. These devices are space grade versions of the industry standard UC3842 controller, guaranteed at 50 and 100 kRAD respectively. These parts are not QMLV, but the ESCC qualification provides a level of quality and guaranteed radiation hardness over the commercial grade UC3842 that's commonly used in the space market. Among the most successful space product families at ST are logics and interfaces. Our LVDS parts are the best on the market because of a combination of unsurplaced radiation performance through inter-kRAD, speed 400 megabits per second, and maximum voltage ratings, 5 volts. Quad drivers, quad receivers, and dual drivers. Receivers in one package are very popular. The comparison with the closest identified competitors is shown here. ST's LVDSs come out ahead in radiation performance and higher ion energy, and ESD robustness, which is not guaranteed by our competitors. Our devices feature a max supply voltage that's higher than competitors, an input common load range following up the 5 volts as opposed to the 3 volts of our competitors. We have faster propagation delays by far the lowest skews differential and channel and channel and chip to chip. ST's most successful logic family in the US space market is by far the AC-ACT family. It's the largest and most complete portfolio of fast CMOS logic functions at through inter-kRAD. The more mature and long-standing CMOS 4000 and HC-ACT logics are not QMLV qualified, but nevertheless widely used in the US market. AC and VCX logics come in a medically sealed packages with the option of a grounded lid internally connected to the ground pin. The low voltage application is requiring higher speed. The AHC logics further raise the bar performance. Price is fast and with 1 third of the propagation delay versus the AC family, the AHC is built on a smaller size technology, still maintaining the same TID-RAD arguments at 300kRAD. Built in the same 130-nanometer technology as the latest generation of AHC logics, this parts a 300k crystal driver and frequency divider all in one package replacing the discrete solution with logicates. Engineering models in flat 10 are available in QMLV qualification coming shortly. The vice can drive an external crystal from 16 to 120 megahertz and depending on the frequency selection pins it can output a clock at the same frequency or 1 half, 1 quarter and 1 eighth of the original frequency. Typical applications are oscillators for PLLs, block generators for data converters. It's also available in die form for integration and modules and chip onboard solutions. Now a few highlights about ST micro's data converters for space applications. If you've probably heard of the random conversion glitch problem documented in the recent guide-up alert, ST is not affected by this problem. The RH FAD 128 low-power multiplex 8-channel 12-bit A to D converter for conversions from 50 kilosamples per second to 1 mega samples per second. The architecture's a successive approximation register. The RH FAD 128 features eight analog inputs, which can be reprogrammed to be either eight single ended or four differential inputs. The output serial data is straight binary and compatible with SPI. Analog and digital power supplies operate from 2.7 volts to 3.6 volts. This part's been compatible with the TI ADC 128. RHF 1201 and 1401 A to D converters are based on a pipeline architecture to provide excellent static linearity and optimize the speed power consumption ratio. Specifically designed to optimize power consumption, the 1401 only dissipates 85 milliwatts and 20 mega samples per second. The 1201 draws just 100 milliwatts and 50 mega samples per second. Physical applications are IF sampling and digital communications, data acquisition and telemetry and space applications, and nuclear high-energy physics. Both devices are used in multiple projects by leading US customers. We are also coming out with the NUDAC RH DAC 121. It's a 12-bit architecture. It's a SAR type of DAC. It's 10 millivolts offset, rail-to-rail voltage output. This one is a pin compatible with the TI DAC 121. It's a 300K rad part. Samples later this year, flight models next year. All of our space parts have two different versions, either engineering models or flight models. The EMs have the same dime without all the testing. So you can save money when you're building prototypes with our EM models. SD has been designing and manufacturing op-amps for the consumer, industrial, automotive, and space markets for over 40 years, from industry standard to the latest high-precision zero-drip amplifiers for analog sensor applications. Powering slides are a quick overview of the space portfolio for amplifiers. The product portfolio is mapped here showing gain bandwidth product from 1 megahertz to 1 gigahertz and maximum supply voltage. The RHF484 and RHF43, among the most popular precision amplifiers used for general purpose signal conditioning, at 8 megahertz bandwidth and 16 volts, maximum supply voltage. They're both rail-to-rail, precision, bipolar, op-amps, with 16 microvolts and 100 microvolts input offset voltage. The RHF3 series at 5 volts are high-speed current feedback amplifiers. The RHF358 is a current feedback single op-amp with 550 megahertz bandwidth and a slew rate of 940 volts per microsecond. The RHF330 achieves a large bandwidth of 1 gigahertz and gain of 2 by drawing only 16 milliamps as supply current with a slew rate of 1,800 volts per microsecond. In an output stage optimized for standard 100 ohm loads, this device is suitable for applications where speed and load distortion are the main requirements. The RHR61 and the RHR64 devices are pure CMOS single and quad op-amps respectively at 100 kW. One picoamp low input bias current and 60 microamp current consumption per operator. The RHF200 is a very high-speed, 420 megahertz, pure differential amplifier. It can operate with a 5-volt power supply. Four gains can be set by two digital inputs. It can be used as a differential to differential or single-ended to differential amplifier. And it's able to drive an ADC input or 100 ohm differential line. With this non-inverting architecture, the RHF200 features a high input impedance that's particularly intended to drive video signals from CCC sensors to an ADC line. Heading toward the conclusion of the presentation, I've briefed mentioned about a roadmap for low Earth orbit applications. Between the two opposite polarities, the new space is a domain of good enough for the target environment. Something in between COTS, commercial off-the-shelf electronics, and Red Heart driven mainly by cost considerations, and SWAP, size, weight, and power, to SWAP C, size, weight, and power, and cost. The long life expectancy in space and mission critical systems will still demand a guaranteed high reliability and high radiation hardness not achievable with automotive grade, commercial, available parts, and to need for a new series of space products for Leo. As these approach to Leo requirements is summarized in this chart, we are targeting a radiation hardness at 50K rad. All the parts are in plastic packaging. The manufacturing flow follows closely in the automotive grade qualification plus the radiation test. We're also going to relax some of the stringent logistic constraints, typical of Red Heart, in terms of single lot date code for shipment. We have reached the end of the presentation. We will now open the Q&A session where we'll answer some of the questions that came in in the chat during the webinar. Try to select those that are most suitable to the general interest. If you do not answer your questions live, we will try and reach out in the next few days.