 Welcome back to our meds smarter lecture series, or we're taking a smarter approach to preparing future physician Before we get started if you'll take just a quick minute and click that like button and also Subscribe and turn the bell on so that you'll be notified when we post new videos Let's talk about chlamydia now chlamydia is a Intracellular or an obligate intracellular organism that has to be inside of some sort of mucosa to be infectious Why is that well as you see here in this first point? It cannot make its own ATP so it has to Utilize the ATP of the host to be able to continue its cell cycle and replication and movement and everything associated with chlamydia chlamydia trachomatis causes neonatal and follicular adult conjunctivitis as well as non-gonococcal urethritis public inflammatory disease and reactive arthritis now there are a couple other chlamydia Organisms and they cause some different things. So let's talk about those chlamydia pneumoniae and chlamydia Csc all cause atypical pneumonia and these are transmitted by an aerosol so we can have two different types of chlamydia infections as far as how they're transmitted so a lot of times this is transmitted sexually other times it Can be transmitted through the air? Some facts about chlamydia that actually has a cell wall that lacks peptidoglycan So that means beta-lactam antibiotics will be ineffective those beta-lactam antibiotics go in and try and attack that cell wall The peptidoglycan on the cell wall destroy it, but without that peptidoglycan We can't use the beta-lactam antibiotics, so we can break down chlamydia with chlamys, which is going to be an ancient Greek term For a cloak. It's a short cloak that was worn by men in ancient Greece And so we can think of clammy's meaning cloak means it's intracellular. So chlamydia is an obligate intracellular organism Chlamydia C2C has an avian reservoir so that comes through parrots. So you remember C2C comes through parrot and It's going to cause our atypical pneumonia to be able to Diagnose chlamydia. We've got to do a lab test Specifically we can do a PCR or a nucleic acid amplification test oftentimes abbreviated in AAT and Then what we're going to see here is cytoplasmic inclusions on a Gimsa or fluorescent antibody stained smear So what we're going to see here in this picture is actually Some of those inclusion bodies. It's these brown inclusion bodies that are actually being seen here in this particular case in a McCoy cell culture so there are two forms of Chlamydia that are present and it's going to be the elementary body and the reticulate body now This is a little bit confusing. So I'm going to show you a picture here in a second So stick with me here, but these two forms the elementary body is a small dense body. That's infectious So E elementary is infectious and it E enters the cell via endocytosis Okay, these what basically is going to happen here. It's going to transform into the reticulate body So it's entering the cell as a small dense body transforms the reticulate body which then the reticulate body comes out and Replicates by cell division and reorganizes into elementary bodies So what we're seeing here is going to be a cycle where it comes here and then it comes back So back and forth back and forth. So let's look at this picture here a little bit closer What you're seeing here is we'll start here at the top This is where the elementary body enters into the target cell at that point in time It now transforms into a reticulate body and undergoes binary fission to create more reticulate bodies Which then reorganize themselves into elementary bodies So you can see they've broken down from the large ones here in the middle to these little small ones on the outside Then we continue multiplication We have a huge cell full of these elementary bodies that then release themselves and go on into other cells as the elementary bodies That transform and continue that cycle over and over and over okay So that's the two forms of chlamydia that we have in the body and how they continue their replication cycle How do we treat this a zithromycin is Going to be the first treatment and it's just going to be a single dose not a side dose This is going to be a single dose Okay, single dose of a zithromycin or we can also use doxycycline And seftraxone. Why do we add seftraxone here with doxycycline? Not because of any type of a Potential resistance, but this is because oftentimes chlamydia as we talked about earlier in a different bacteria chlamydia Oftentimes will present itself with gonorrhea So we give seftraxone and doxycycline to cover a concomitant chlamydia and gonorrhea infection If you found this material helpful for your studying, please like and consider subscribing to the channel Also share this video so that more people can benefit from it like you have