 breakout session and lunch. We're gonna have another keynote talk before we report back on the breakouts and we're really excited to have Albert Slap come and talk to us about work he's been doing and coastal risk and flood modeling and it needs. Well thank you Beth and thank you all for coming back after lunch and not going out and enjoying the beautiful scenery here in Boulder. So first of all I'm very honored to be asked to speak today and I want to thank Albert and Guy and NASA for including me. I give a little bit of a different perspective because I'm an entrepreneur in a startup. I'm not a scientist. I have scientists that work for me and so I'm gonna give you more of an entrepreneurial overview perspective of how we use data and also how we may use EO or remote sensing data in the future. Mostly in the United States we don't we don't really do that right now. So I want to just first give you a little bit of background on myself because I'm probably the least qualified person in the room to be talking about science. For 40 years I was an environmental trial lawyer. I mostly represented environmental groups like Sierra Club and Water Keeper in anti-pollution cases. Most of you are too young to remember Three Mile Island case, the meltdown of a nuclear reactor near Harrisburg Pennsylvania, but I represented the environmental groups to keep the radioactive water out of the Susquehanna River case. That was the only case I had that went up to the United States Supreme Court. We won that case and we kept the radioactive water out of the river. But I retired actually in 2014 for about two weeks and then some scientists Dr. Leonard Berry and Dr. Brian Sodin. I think some of you know about Dr. Sodin. He's at University of Miami's Rosensteel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science. He's a world-renowned climatologist and shared the Nobel Prize with Vice President Al Gore and some others. They called me about two weeks after I had retired and they said we had this really great idea and the idea would be to take flood and climate risk modeling and try to downscale it to the individual parcel level and then to make it available to people because we have people here who do a great job for the insurance companies and do a great job for trying to set premiums at a correct price, but there really hadn't been a consumer product, a product that you could go online and you could get this high quality information about your risk. So that's what we set out to do pretty much in 2015-2016 and then in early 2016 we launched floodscores.com and our mission was to save lives and protect property and increase resilience. And so in this talk and if there's a burning question go ahead and interrupt me. I don't mind that. We're going to describe what COSIRIS does, what data sets we rely on. We're going to discuss the challenges to take our system global and we're going to discuss how new technologies like IoT real-time will benefit from pre-event modeling. One of the first things that I want to say which is my opinion is that the bad news isn't good enough and I kind of said this in the answer to you know it's a discussion we were having earlier and that is that we have a lot of bad news and not every property has bad news. I mean some property that we model is very good from flood and natural hazard risks and climate risks and sea level rise and even properties next door to one another might have different risks and that depends on elevation and a lot of other factors. But you could have a company that comes along and says oh that bad news isn't good enough bad news. We have better bad news or we have the best damn bad news that money can buy. And if only you will listen to us and go with the best damn bad news money can buy then everything will be fine because obviously when the regulators, when the local politicians, when the bureaucrats from the counties and the cities and the towns see that you've come along with the best damn bad news that money can buy of course they're going to do the right thing. They're going to get resilient. They're going to invest money. People will raise their homes out of the flood plain and you know God's in his heaven and all is right with the world and that's not true. We all know that's not true because people have good enough bad news in the United States right now to make reasonable decisions about buying insurance which they don't. I'll say it again because I think it's funny and probably true that most people in the United States spend more money on lottery tickets than flood insurance. So why? Why is that? Is it just a matter of getting the best bad news? And then there's another thing and that is if we provide the best damn bad news to the top down the politicians, the county commissioners that they're going to create flood barriers and giant pumping systems and and they're going to save everybody and Boston's going to have a $20 billion storm surge barrier and we're going to have a big U in the base of Manhattan and implicit in this is the sense that a hotel, an office building, a townhouse, hey, why should we spend our money when the town, the city, the county, certainly not the federal government, but is going to save us? Why should we spend our money when they're going to save us? And that's not true either. And we're located in Fort Lauderdale. We work for the city of Miami. We work for the city of Miami Beach and they've spent hundreds of millions of dollars to begin to raise the roads in Miami Beach and put these giant seawater pumps in the stormwater pumps, but it's really not because every time there's a storm, you know, the electricity goes out from FPNL and most of the pumps don't have backup generators. But when the sea levels rise in the king tides and we're going to be talking about that a little bit, they don't save everybody and people do get flooded. So we're we're talking about personal responsibility. Bottom up. Yes, we work for local governments and we give them our thoughts about adaptation and where they can make cost effective investments. But I personally believe in my scientists, Dr. Barry, Dr. Sodin and others believe that to have resiliency, we have to have both top down and bottom up. We have to have all the above. We can't just have top down. We're going to save everybody. It's going to be wonderful. And bottom up alone because individual property owners don't control the streets. They don't control the stormwater system. And so we have to have them both together. So what did we create? We created a modeling and risk communication engine. And you can see our reports on floodscores.com. And why do I say modeling and risk communication? Because we're a bit like car fax. I don't know how many of you know what car fax is, but you've ever bought a used car when I bought a used car. I'm looking around the lot and the salesperson comes running out, holding a piece of paper. It's not a platform. It's not a website. It's a piece of paper that tells me what the insurance claims have been on a used car based on the VIN number. So we're sort of like car fax or flood fax for individual properties around the United States. And we do that because most people who need a professional grade report to buy a property to sell a property to ensure a property to protect a property, want something more than, well, I saw that on my phone. Wait, let me get my phone app. You know, no, this is a report. It's very highly visual. And so we produce these both. And I'll just go to this for it. Okay, so we produce spreadsheets based on properties. Customers give us a list of properties in a spreadsheet. And then we fill in columns of risk. And in this case, there's six columns of risk, which I'll go over. But I want to just go back here for a second. So we started with the tides and sea level rise and riverine and heavy precipitation and storm surge. This particular image, we had done a model for this hotel on Brickle Avenue in Miami. And this was just a visual of our CAT1 modeling. And it shows 3.3 feet maximum inundation above the ground level. And that's the model down there. And this is a news crew during Irma that was standing across from the hotel there with four feet of water. We modeled 3.3 feet. And it was four feet of water for two days. In a CAT1 hurricane. And that doesn't say a lot about the resilience of the city of Miami. If a CAT1 hurricane, just a CAT1 can push four feet of water down Brickle Avenue for two days, it's not a resilient city. Notwithstanding, they're a member of the Rockefeller 100 Resilient Cities. So we've added natural hazards, wind, tornado, wildfire, earthquake and tsunamis and we're adding extreme heat stress, cooling degree days and drought. So what is the fuel that runs this engine? The fuel is big data. In the United States, we really don't need a lot of remote sensing and satellite data because we have a lot of free data sets. But when, as I say, when we're going to go global, then we're going to need additional data. We pretty much sold in all the coastal areas and beginning to go inland. We do this. And then we do these reports, which you see at floodscores.com, which are highly visual. And really, you know, most people, when they get our reports, they're like, I see my house. Yeah, that's where the water accumulates. That's during the last storm. That was what it looked like. How did you guys know that? You've never been out there. And we use Esri Arcview tools to really get down into the weeds. This is a NOAA facility on Virginia Key, just next to the city of Miami, between Miami and Kibis Cain. And we've done about 12 NOAA facilities. And people say, no, NOAA is a customer. Why would NOAA use you guys? Can't they do the same thing? Don't you use NOAA data in the answers? Of course we do. But we do these reports in seconds. And we charge, when we charge for a commercial facility $499. And they can't do it in seconds for $499. So what does NOAA do with our report? They dimension the the flood barriers that they need to protect the site, they staple the cost estimate with our report, and they put it in the budget. Nothing to do with insurance has to do with protection and resilience. Our engine also will produce damaged loss estimates. So that we're giving the hazard output, we're giving the output to this part of the model of inundation and frequency. And then we have a has this type model that will model damage and loss and business interruption at the individual property level. This was an article the insurance thought leadership I had published a couple weeks ago. And it talks about why FEMA flood maps aren't good enough. They don't include heavy rainfall, they don't they're not adjusted for tidal flood and sea level rise. The riverine model is not really doesn't look at LIDAR, it just has 1% across a very large area or 0.2%, 100 year or 500 years. And we use the NOAA slash model, which we add some some value to using LIDAR and using tide gauges local tide gauges. But typically, and I think in the majority of cases, a NOAA slash height is higher than the FEMA base flood elevation. And they kind of know that. But yet from a consumer standpoint from the insured standpoint, from the commercial property owner standpoint, you know, engineers and architects, you know, we're just going to go with the FEMA base flood elevation. You know, that's what the code requires. So they never see that the slash height is much higher than the BFE. But we show that and that's we want people to be to be educated in that regard. I know there's a lot of text on here, but let me just summarize it. The challenges to going global, where here in the US, we've built our system on a billion plus dollars of federal government data, free data, FEMA models, slash models, other data from USGS, groundwater data, soils data. And we're very fortunate. I understand that we are very fortunate, because we were able to incorporate all these data sets into this engine that we created. And we don't have that in in foreign countries. And we're now looking in South America. So, you know, we need to get in the US, we either use one meter resolution LiDAR or USGS three meter resolution DEMs. But to get that in foreign countries, it's going to be very expensive. And we have to figure out who's willing to pay for that to build out our system globally. And here's sort of an example of Peru, we're going to be doing some work in Peru, to try to prove out whether we can make our system work. So we have LiDAR, where you know, Airbus property boundary data, the local jurisdictions, we've got to get that. Riverine models will start with a European Commission data. tide gauge UNESCO storm surge is not applicable sea level rise. We're going to do that ourselves from tide gauges and the literature, soils and groundwater, and then Peru specific modeling and data collection and peer review and universities, what have you. So how do you go global when there's no FEMA flood map equivalent? How do you get that the inundation that we we have from a FEMA map, and the frequencies, which, you know, are are not totally unreasonable in the riverine context. They are they don't do, obviously, the the Pluvial and the X zone has created with especially with Harvey type rainfalls has created, you know, very, very serious problems. But how are we going to do that? And we're looking at river track and hydro bid and the GIS flood tool and others that may be rapidly rolled out and scaled up. And I just would say, first of all, if you see anything that I've said or hear anything that I've said or anything up here, and you want to come up to me afterwards and say, I've got a great idea of how you can do this faster and more cost effectively believe me, we are absolutely open to anybody that wants to wants to help out. So, so we currently have a four cylinder model under the hood that is generating these reports at floodscourse.com. And the first cylinder will call it the riverine cylinder. We show the customer two frames. And the top frame is the FEMA flood zones for your property. This is Muskegee, Oklahoma. This is a river. This is called the port of Muskegee who knew that they had a port. These are the FEMA flood zones, the base flood elevation. But then using lidar, we recast the the the frequencies of flooding based on a reinterpretation lidar reinterpretation. So what you see here within the polygon of the customer's site is yes, there's some 1% there's even some point 2%, which is similar. But as you get down to the water, and then you look on the other side of the river here, you go, Oh, my, that's not 1%. That's 20% annual frequency, 80%, 30%, whatever. And we know that because the this on the right side of the river on the east side is much lower than the subject property. And when you go out and you talk to people, they go, Yeah, floods every year, because we're much lower than our, our colleagues on the other side of the river. So this is one of the problems with FEMA flood zone, which is they they'll have an a zone. And it's all 1% across the a zone. But we all most of you as scientists and people who do fieldwork know that's just not true. So we're reinterpreting in the United States through lidar. The storm surge model I mentioned, we're using the slosh grids, we're using lidar or the DM, for example, in Miami Dade County, we have one one meter resolution. Other places we have three, three meter resolution. We use the not we actually put the slosh model on top of the highest non storm tides in the last 10 years. So we're using a mom. And again, no black box here I'm telling you exactly what we do. And the engine does this in seconds for any property in America. We're taking a mom approach and putting it on top of the highest of the high tides in the closest tide gauge and interpolation. Whoops, I'm sorry. We're showing the storm surge, both in NABD 88. So you can compare it to the elevation certificate and AGL above the ground level because we want people to know. And then we show the annual strike frequency from that category storm from the National Hurricane Center. And you know, somebody was like, wow, that's not as good as the black box of the cat modelers. No, but, but the slosh model is used to evacuate millions of people every year that are that are in the way of an incoming hurricane. It's good enough to give the homeowner who's paying $99 for this and all the other information to give them a sense whether they're a homeowner or a home buyer of what I'm looking at. If I buy this property, should I buy it? Yes or no? Should I sell it now? Yes or no? Should I protect it? Yes or no? And how would I protect it? And then should I insure it? And again, I get back to, well, this isn't as technically sophisticated as cat risk modeling. But the point is that most people don't have flood insurance. So if the cat modeling, not saying anything bad about them, they're great. But if that was all that we needed to get people to wake up and buy flood insurance, then everybody would have because nobody would be so irrational as to be in an A zone or in a VE zone or near, you know, in a hurricane slosh area and not have flood insurance, but they do not have flood insurance. Most people don't. So what do you say about that? Is it just the quality of the data? No. But the risk communication is a very important piece of this. Cylinder three, tidal sea level rise, not included in FEMA flood maps. This is where the Miami Beach City Hall have a zero flood days in 2018. Using the NOAA regional sea level rise model, we have 70 days, 71 days of tide flooding plus 15 years and almost every day plus 30 years. I didn't make it up. I'm envisioning this so that this is let's just say this is not City Hall. This is an office building. This is somebody's home and not every property in Miami Beach or Miami or Savannah or Charleston or Norfolk or the Jersey Shore, not every property shows this. In fact, most of the properties that we modeled don't show this kind of severe king tide or tidal sea level rise flooding. But what does this mean? What it means is, and they do have pumps there, by the way, and those pumps have backup power Miami Beach. But what if they don't? What if the town can afford a seven foot giant pump to suck all that seawater off the ground surface? What is that going to mean for the economy of that particular town? That's very important. Then we've developed and called the X zone flood model, the precipitation using flow flow direction sink watershed zonal fill modeling DEM property boundary drainage layers soil type soil runoff groundwater and proprietary algorithms. And in seconds, we're modeling every property in America for heavy rainfall flooding right now. This was a property in Houston before Harvey at the edge of Attic's reservoir. It was a neighborhood. You can see this is a stream. This is our model that this area was lower and was going to get flooded. And you can see in the drone footage right here, this black area right here is where the flooding occurred and in the in the in the roadway of this little neighborhood. And you can see flooding in the in the same western part of the polygon and a little bit of flooding in in the street. Now, this was a model we did for a REIT that wanted to put a pet smart in here. They didn't. This was our groundwater heavy rainfall modeling. This is what happened in Kingwood, Texas drone footage after Harvey. We need this. The commercial real estate sector needs it homeowners need it. Insurance needs it. They don't have it. They don't have this kind of modeling. Now, I mean, when we think of EO and we think of remote sensing, this type of stuff, which is going to become more and more available is so important because we can actually, at some time in the future, automate the, you know, showing people the last 10 years of flooding on on and around a property they want to buy. And in and Brandon's, you know, in the group we were just out, we talked a little bit about blockchain. I'm not going to steal his thunder, but you know, to me and someone said, I'm recovering lawyer, but somebody said, well, there could be privacy issues. Not if it's obvious from the street that someone could see something flood. It's there's no privacy. There's no search and seizure. There's no you don't need a warrant. If you if you happen to be there, and you would see the flooding from the street, there is no privacy issues. But we can get that from satellite data, whether it's Airbus or whether it's government satellite data. And we can actually have consumers, we can balance the scales of justice. Right now, buyers of property, even though we have in many states, caveat emptor me here, for example, here in Colorado, and I live in Colorado, even though my business is in, my business is in Fort Lauderdale, we have rate on disclosure, you have to have rate on testing, you have to disclose that it's a requirement of the law. But in many other states, whether it's rate on or asbestos or lead paint or lead pipe or mold, you it's buyer beware. So what are we what can we do with this type of information to balance the scales of justice to give consumers this type of information? King tides, a threat multiplier. So this is a couple million dollar property in Fort Lauderdale on a sunny day. Fish swimming in the yard. King tides. And you know, when I first started raising this with the insurance companies, they were in King tides, Ming tides, why do we need to we don't need to know about that. But water's not coming in the front door. Don't tell me about King tides. But now everybody's jumping on the King tide barrier, you know, bandwagon, because if this is happening, this is astronomy, this is what we have predicted based on tide gauges in South Florida, that these new moons and full moons and the highest of the high tides for 2018, this is astronomy, everybody, is going to be on October 9. So the highest King tide in South Florida is going to be on October 9. We know it because it's the sun and the moon and earth has nothing to do with storms. Nothing to do anything. So this property is going to look like this on October 9. We know that. But what is October 9? It's the height of the Atlantic hurricane season. And if the storm comes in and rides on top of this, what's happening to this $2 million home? Why does an insurance company want to know every King tide affected property in the coast of the United States in the world that's affected by tropical storms because it's a threat multiplier. We need to give this information. We are giving this information. So here's an example of a hotel in Miami Beach, a very nice Art Deco hotel, historic hotel. This red line is the FEMA base base flood elevation. These are category four and five hurricanes. And this is the current and future King tide for business interruption. And what this shows you is, and I will guarantee this, without a pump, this will be a ghost building long before it would be taken down by any hurricane because who is going to want to get out of their car and walk through saltwater to get into the restaurant at the Alden hotel, not my wife with her Manola Blonix or Jimmy choose. She's not getting out of the car and taking her $1,000 or whatever was on sale at Nordstroms Rack or whatever. No, she's not going to do that. And neither would your girlfriend or significant other wife want to get out of the car and go into the Alden hotel. So pumps are going to be critical in the future given sea level rise. So the blue area here, so I want to check on my time, the blue area is insured. And the red zone is uninsured, unless you have business interruptions. Hurricane Florence, this is what happened in New Bern. You probably all read the article of the, you know, the low, you know, the low income housing there and the poor people that got flooded out, our modeling of cat one and heavy rainfall and there are synergies, including natural hazards, heat stress, cooling degree days and droughts, automating for additional fee, the damage ratio, economic laws. But this is I want to focus on this, because I want to sort of transition in the few minutes that we have left. My co founders and I, about a year, year and a half ago decided that we're not in the bad news business, we're not the bad news bears. We're in the resilience business. And what that means is, it's not enough to say, here's your bad news, have a nice life, don't let the door hit you on the way out. I didn't get into this after I retired to do that. I got in this to help people to save property and save lives. So we developed a piece of code that you can, we can with the client, propose a hypothetical barrier, this polygon here, this is Miami city hall, hypothetical barrier of whatever height, and then model instantaneously before and after return on investment of any barrier, assuming that barrier is effective, what we don't, we're not, you know, warranting barrier systems. We're just saying, if you want to envision a barrier system, we can model that instantaneously for any type of flooding. And then of course, if it's heavy rainfall flooding, you got to put a pump on the inside and pump the water out. So we have a help desk, and we call it flood protection as a service. We do the vulnerability. We do engineering evaluations, financing, implementation, annual maintenance and certification. And then number four is if your insurance agent can't get you a reduction in the premium after you put something like this in, then we know people who can do that. And so we're not in the bad news business. We're matching flood defense systems with the risk. And you know, this is a picture I took in New Orleans during a very heavy rainstorm, but no, not a tropical storm. And there was a pizza parlor and the guys out there throwing sandbags. And that may be perfectly appropriate for his circumstances and his financial bandwidth. But somebody else might want to put in a European self-closing flood barrier, or somebody else might want to put in to their home to block an area off that is had flooding, or the port of dam system, or the mega secure that's been FM approved. So we have risk consultants that are on the phone with our clients trying to help them save lives and save property. So new technologies like IOT, crowdsourcing, AI, real-time weather, and augmented reality will help, and they will be the wave of the future. But you have to have that grounded in modeling of where the high risk areas are. You have to understand where to put a sensor. Where am I going to put that sensor? Well, you're going to put it where the models tell you to. And then there's a feedback loop that says, oh, yeah, that you modeled that. And then the sensors showed there was a whole bunch of flooding there, and it feeds back, and it gets better and better. Satellite data in the future, you guys know a lot more about this, but combine AI and machine learning, remote sense data to produce intelligence, individualized property data, it can help with the insurance underwriting, cost to rebuild, damage loss estimates, residential and commercial due diligence, which I talked about, image recognition, value estimate of buildings and cost to rebuild that's sort of redundant, and vegetation analysis with wildfire risks. So this is a mall that floods all the time in South Florida. Cars float away, they haven't done anything with the parking lot, and yet if we have modeling and we have some sensors and if we have alarm systems that tell the ladies shopping in the mall at noon time, hey, you know what, we got a storm coming in, we think it's of a certain type of rainfall, you really need to get your cars out of here or else they're going to be floating away, or we're going to close the barriers, which we don't have now, but we could have in the future. So there's a lot to be done with the IoT and with incoming real-time weather, but again, I think it's based on modeling, and then, you know, our modeling, we can model every property in the United States, and with augmented reality, somebody with a GPS-enabled smartphone could take a picture of their home, upload it to our app, which doesn't exist yet, it could be modeled, and then as weather's coming in, if it fits a certain profile of a certain storm surge, of a certain rainfall event, then we'll come back to them and show them what it's going to look like on their property, and then they can decide, am I going to evacuate, I'm not going to evacuate, I'm going to lower some shutters or raise a barrier or do whatever is appropriate. So I'm pretty much run out of time now, I mean I can go through a bunch of cases, this is going to be available, the slide deck, and there's a whole bunch of other slides, but I'm pretty much, you know, going to open it for any questions now, and thank you very much for your time, appreciate it. Thanks Albert, questions? Yaggy, or Jim? I think that's true, this happened, that happened to be a heavy rainfall situation in the Sawgrass Mills Mall, which is outside of the surge zone in South Florida, but I think your point is very well taken. I agree with that, if someone had a slide, I think it may have been Laurie, that a picture's worth a thousand actions, I really like that, I mean because I always say a picture's worth a thousand words, but I really like, and I'm going to probably, you know, plagiarize that and use that, that a picture's worth a thousand actions, because we're trying to knock people off the fence, I mean we're not an advocacy group, so we have nothing to do with climate mitigation, I, you know, know Al Gore quite well, law school friend of mine Kenny Berlin runs Climate Reality, I spoke at Climate Reality in Miami, in front of 1200 people, and in three days I was the only person that said the word adaptation, and when he introduced me the vice president said, because I'm Albert and he's Albert and this is Albert, he said, five years ago I said that adaptation is laziness and I really regret that and I want to introduce somebody who has a new startup who's trying to help, you know, with technology to do adaptation, but the point that I'm trying to make is that we do want people to take action to become more resilient, so if we're advocating anything, it's resiliency, not CO2 mitigation. I think it's, again, this is more of the science team, but we wanted to get free things, free data, that was readily accessible, that could kind of plug and play with the modeling engine and the report generating engine, and I think what we've seen very, very clearly is when we go into South America, we can't do that anymore, so we're going to have to go to satellite data and and remote sensing right now, I mean I'm talking about in the next couple of weeks, when we have this pilot project in Peru, so we're there, you know, we're, this is US, done, works, reasonably accurate for the purposes that people use it for, and now we're going to other places in the world where we're going to have to immediately go to all the available databases that are satellite and remote sensing. You know, I would have to, you know, we have a team, they have a whole QAQC, peer-reviewing, field-true thing, going in after the events, and trying to look at data, which includes drone data, which includes information from local governments, and then we do have a program to to make sure that our stuff is accurate, and that's an ongoing process, I'm not going to, you know, lie, you know, it's an ongoing process. To answer your question, what's an acceptable error rate, I can't really answer that, I'd have to refer you to Dr. Sodin, but I would just say that in my, and I know this is anecdotal, and I'm not a scientist, but it's creepy how every time we talk to a customer and they see the report, they're going, how did you know that that's where it floods on all of the different areas of flooding, and so we've never had anybody get a report and say, this is crap, it has nothing to do with my property, because we do it for, I mean we do it for buyers, but we also do it for owners, so people who have lived there for 30 years and go, that's exactly the corner, and now I'm going to have to do something about that before I sell this, or I'm getting it ready for sale, and I know I've got to do something over there, whether level it out, or raise it, or do something, put a wall around it, so it's a good point, we do have a process and we have, I feel very confident of our science team that they have created a system that is, I say, bad enough or good enough, you know, the information is bad, is the bad news is good enough to make not design decisions, we're not at a design level, so when we bring in architects and engineers to look at our modeling and our reports, and they're now going to design, and I didn't really, let me just see if I can flip through here for one second, no, I don't have it in this one, but I will take just this one, this house was built up from five, from three and a half feet to six feet, based on our modeling, this is an actual home in Fort Lauderdale in one of the floodiest areas, and this gentleman, Stanley Young, bought a 1923 mansion that was owned by the billionaire Wayne Hizenga, who was a blockbuster video and auto nation and waste management, and he knocked down the mansion and he was going to build this spec home, and he came to us and he said, how high do I have to raise it for it to be safe? And we said, it's three and a half feet, NavD88, you have to go to six feet. So he brought in millions of dollars of fill, and then built this unbelievable home, and sold it, it's a, you know, I don't know, 10 million, 8 million, it's a very expensive home. So we don't, we didn't do the final design, we, you know, his engineers and architects do that, but most of the architects and engineers are going like, FEMA BFE is good enough for me, I've been using it for the last 30 years, and that's what's in the code of Fort Lauderdale, is you got to do it to the BFE, or above the B, no, that's not science. So we know that our science, to get back to your point of accuracy, we know that it's good science, and that it can form the basis of resilience decisions. I don't know if that's satisfying, but that's my response. It's called round day venture capital. When we get our round day venture capital, then we can develop the augmented reality. We know how to do it. I mean, we actually know how to do that, that smartphone augmented reality app, and it really would cost a lot less money than you think. So if anybody here knows any venture capitalists, you can send them my way. I'm shameless, I mean, by the way I'm saying. No, it's anybody who's a customer, there's a privacy policy, we keep everything under lock and key, and try to prevent hackers. I mean, it's just like any company, we take credit cards, we have a privacy data and privacy policy. No, but for a government building, yes, if we do work for a government building, then we can release that data, because at least under Florida laws, under open records, it's anything that you give to a local government, to a government agency in Florida is not private. No, no, no, either way, if you're a customer, whether you're on one side or the other side, or you're just an interested observer, if you buy it, then it's private to you, and you could share it, you bought it, you can't publicly share it. We have certain terms and conditions that prohibit you. It's for your personal use, but if you wanted to show it to your brother, I mean, we're not going to come and sue you, but you can't post it on Facebook or something. That happens every day. That's why we carry $2 million worth of professional liability insurance. We've never been sued, but as is everybody else, I mean, whether you're an engineering firm and you were doing this by hand, or you're a coastal engineering firm, you're doing it by hand, or whether you're doing it in an automated process, it's the same thing that if you have errors in emissions or negligence, which I'm not saying is impossible, but I'm just saying that we take all the right precautions that our modeling is not in error, and then we carry insurance like everybody else does to protect ourselves and to pay claims if in fact something did go wrong. Oh, yeah. We've sold thousands of them to date, and we sell them to, as I say, to NOAA. We sell them to the military. We've sold it to buyers. We've sold it to sellers. We've sold it to people who live from paycheck to paycheck, and we tell them when they call for their complimentary advice, go down to Walmarts and buy this barrier in a bag. It's got a four-star review on Amazon, and it's $50. And then we represent billionaires who, this one particular case, he wanted our advice about buying a $4 million home in Palm Beach to tear it down and build an $8 million home that's higher. And am I going to get to the bike path and how's my wife going to get into Palm Beach to shop? And am I going to take my Rolls-Royce through saltwater? And what do you think Palm Beach is going to do about pumps and seawalls? And so it starts with a report, but then it goes into, for us, a fee-for-service help desk. The help desk isn't free. The initial call is free, but then the help desk is consulting. And so right now we're doing a hotel acquisition in Miami, a beach that started with a $499 report and now has $30,000 of consulting fees because they want to know how long is the beach going to last. And with king tides and sea level rise, how many hours a day in today and the years to come will we have enough beach for people to enjoy themselves on? So our modeling goes from the technology, here's your report instantaneously, to how can we help you make decisions and get more resilient. All right, last question and then... You know, I mean it's sort of a good point, but typically what we'll do is we do have a QA, QC process. So we get an address online and we send out an little aerial photograph and we confirm that it's what the customer, it's the customer's property. Then we push a button and the report comes out and then it goes around to whoever's on call on the science team. But if we have any questions about it, then we will redo it using, we'll go into other databases, we'll see if there's a closer tide gauge data, a tide gauge will... I'm trying to think of examples, but there are occasions where we would feel uncomfortable because it might be in a blank zone or it might, but I haven't seen a situation, I've seen situations where we've done more work and we just lose money on the sale, but I've never seen a situation where the team came back and said, I just can't do a report here. Yes, we currently are doing a human QA, two-part QA, QC, immediately send the aerial photograph with the property boundary. Is that your home? Is that your property? Yes, push a button and then the report comes out and it goes to whoever on the science team is on call. And I just wanted that because I didn't want a web app fully automated, whatever, because I don't believe in that as far as having a professional quality report. Well, thank you very much. So much, Albert.