 فَبُتْطُّهُ آدَكَ الْأَيَّا مُفَتَّى وَتَنْهِ لذا نقول جاء موسى موسى مرفوعية جاء موسى موسى هي مرفوع رأيت موسى موسى هي منصوب مررت بموسى موسى هي مجرور ولكن نقول تقديرا العلامة of it is مقدر يعني our eyes can't see it it is not apparent so those are the three points that I still have knowledge has to observe هو التغيير أواخر الكلامي لاختلاف العوامل الداخلة عليها here the last one is وأقول I will say محمد محيدين عد الحميد وأقول I will say الإعراب الله معنى يعني إعراب has two meanings أحدهما لغوي one is a linguistic definition والآخر صلاحي and the second one is a technical definition the technical definition according to the grammarians أما معنى هو في اللغة as for its meaning in the linguistic meaning as for its linguistic meaning is أل إظهار it is something to be apparent والإبانة the word إعراب linguistically means أل إظهار والإبانة إظهار and إبانة both mean the same something to become clear something to become apparent the إعراب means for example the Arabs they say أعربت عما في نفسي أعربت عما في نفسي means what I have made apparent that which was within me are you with me أعربت عما في نفسي I have made it apparent that which I had inside my heart everyone now knows it أعربت we are looking here is أعربت and that's it there is another meaning it has that the sheikh didn't mention but we are going to come to it إن شاء الله يتعالى إنا ومتميمة الأجرومية إتغير changing أعرب means also changing for example you say أعرب الله الله changed معدة my stomach or the way my stomach is it got changed it hurts now the Arabs use that as تغير as well على كل حال الإعراب linguistically it means الإظهار والإبانة تقول أعربت عما في نفسي إذا أبنته إذا أبنته وأظهرته إذا أبينته what did you say if you make it clear if you make it apparent and you make it clear it's called what it means أعرب أعربت معما في نفسي I made it clear that which was with me وأما معاه في الاستلاحي as for its لسه ذاست اللي linguistic meaning as for its technical meaning it means what هو ما ذكره المؤلف is that which the author has mentioned that's the technical meaning which is what هو التغير أواخر الكلمي لإختلاف العوامل الداقيلة عليها لفظا أو تقديرا now we're going to stand over each point we're going to go through each point that the author said even though I did it for you overall but now we're going to stand over it properly والمقصود من تغيير الأواخر الكلمي the intent of the meaning of the changing of the last word is تغيير أحوالي أواخر الكلمي it means the changing of the situation of the last wording وَلا يُعُقَالُ because somebody might think the changing here means what he might think that the دال is going to change it to a راء are you with me somebody might think to himself it might be the راء the دال might change it to a راء so we have to keep saying it is تغيير أحوال the situation أواخر الكلمي وَلا يُعُقَالُ and no one should or it shouldn't be understood as and you rather تغيير نفس الأواخري that the literal ending changes فإن آخر الكلمة نفسه لا يتغير because the last ending of the word itself doesn't change وتغيير أحوال أواخر الكلمة عبارة عن تحولها من الرفع إلى نصبي أو الجرري the changing of the situation of the last ending of the word it means the changing of it from بن مرفوع to منصوب and to مجرور حقيقة whether it's literal أو حكمة or whether it's by way of ruling ويكون هذا تحول بسبب تغيير العامل and that changing of the ending of the word is the reason is because of the situation changing من عامل يقتض الرفع على الفعالية أو نحوها like the factor of making it مرفوع because of it being a فاعل for example if I say to you for example now جاء زي دن who caused the zaid to become مرفوع you say جاء because if جاء never came with زي دن ever be مرفوع it would never be مرفوع as a فاعلية here are you with me what caused it to be what what caused it here the عامل that caused it here is جاء at the فعل is جاء at the فعل so what causes a فعل sorry something to become either a فاعل or a مفعول بي or whatever it is it's a عامل it's a factor are you with me من عامل يقتض الرفع على الفعالية this is the فعل أو نحوها or like it إلى آخر يقتض النصب على المفعولية who forced it here to become what for it to become a مفعول بي is that if the verb if the verb it becomes what it requires a مفعول بي for example جاء زي دن does the word جاء require a مفعول بي no because it's a فعل لازم it's not a فعل متعدي it doesn't require a مفعول بي like in ضربة what does it require ضربة زي دن can I just stop there no because ضربة is a فعل that requires a سفع المتعدية so wherever the verb is it necessitates the مفعول بي either to come or not to come so that's عامل نعم it's عامل أو نحوها وهلما جراء and let the list go on it can still go on okay it goes on now the sheikh is going to give an example so before I move on from that فقرة from that paragraph what the author is saying is what I said before the changing here brothers it's that's not the changing literally the دال or the لتح the حرفة the حرفة that's there it means the situation is what's causing it to change okay that changing is either by way of ruling or literally it changes and the reason why it's changing is because there is عامل a factor that's making it change that factor may force it to be a what a رف or it may force it to be a نص or the list can go on okay مثل an example إذا قلت if you say حضرة محمد المحمد came فمحمد المرفوع محمد is مرفوع here why is he مرفوع لأنه معمول لعامل يقتض الرفع على الفاعلية وهذا العامل وهو حضراء because he is a factor is making it to become a فاعل which is the factor is who who's forcing it to become it's حضرة حضرة is forcing it to be are you with me good فإن قلت if you say رأيت محمد I saw محمد تغير حال حال آخر that change that ending will now change if you say رأيت محمد محمد is not it's not محمد now it's محمد why it's changed to what إلا نصبي it's changed to becoming نصوب صحيح it has it has why was forcing it to change لتغيير العامل بعامل آخر يقتض النصب وهو رأيته the reason why it's now changed is because the عامل has changed the factor has changed which necessitates it to become نصوب the عامل here is رأيته رأى which is فعل ماضي the تا which is a ضمير متصف في محل رفع فاعل the tab by itself is standing in the position of a subject so if you see رأى does it require an object of course it does it's not a فعل لازم it's a فعل متعدي فإذا قلت if you say حضيته بمحمدن حضيته بمحمدن it changed from what it changed from مرفوع and it also changed منصوب to what مجرور because there is عامل that forced it to be مجرور وفوست محمد here right now to be مجرور تغيير حاله آخره إلى الجر why لتغيير العامل بعمل آخر يقتضل جر وهو الباء الباء here is what's forcing it الباء is عامل that forces the noun to become what مجرور you good وإذا تأملت if you observe a student of knowledge في هذه الأمثلة in these examples ظهر لك it becomes apparent for you أن آخر الكلمة the ending of the word وهو دال the dal من محمدن keep looking at the dal which is the last word لم يتغيير it hasn't changed so the dal does not change it's never going to be باء or جي محق أخاء it's always going to be دال but what changed وأن الذي تغيير but what changed هو أحوال آخره the situation of his changed فإنك تراه مرفوع because in the first example which was what حذر محمدن you find that it's what مرفوع that is مرفوع في المثال الأول ومنصوبا في المثان الثاني in the second example it is what منصوب رأيت محمدن ومجرورا في المثال الثالثي and the third one is حظيت محمدن it's also it changed because it became مجرور وهذا التغيير وهذا التغيير and that changing من حالة الرفع إلى حالة النصب إلى حالة الجري from the situation of رفع to the situation of نصب to the situation of جر هو الإعراب that's called إعراب عند المؤلف according to the أوثا ومن ذهب مدهبه and those who have taken his مدهب there's another مدهب what is the other مدهب what are the two مدهب that are out there some people believe that they believe that إعراب is something which is what معنوي it's not literal and some believe it is literal some believe that it's literal and some believe it is it is not literal those are the two مدهب that stand those other those other two مدهب that stand وهذه الحركات الثالث التي هي الرفع والنصب والأمارة على الإعرابي so what do those people say are you with me who believe it is not it's معنوي those people who believe it's معنوي who don't believe it's literal the author here he believes it is literal he's saying to you the author is saying the رفع itself is the إعراب the نصب itself is the إعراب and the جر itself is the إعراب what about the other ones who say it is not they're saying that the رفع والنصب and the جر are only signs for the إعراب but that's not the إعراب are you with me so if you look at their dispute what is it called اختلاف واللافضي اختلاف والتنور their differences doesn't have a real impact it doesn't really have something there's a خلاف where when you look at it it makes the two groups go different directions and they will come out with different results that's not what happens here they both still on the same road it's just they see it means different so this خلاف is called خلاف واللافضي it doesn't really have much weight but but إن شاء الله متنممة الأجومي we will go into it a bit more we will go into it a bit more والنصب والجر هي علامات وامارات على الإعراب ومثل الإسم في ذلك الفعل المضارع فلو قلت يسافر إبراهيم فيسافر فعل ومثل ومثل ومثل الإسم and the example of the إسم is في ذلك الفعل المضارع because all this that we took right now is who now we kept taking the word محمد which is an إسم the likes and the example of the noun is like the فعل المضارع فلو قلت if you say meaning the فعل المضارع it changes from situation to situation let's take the word for example يسافر إبراهيم تقوموا بعمل المضارع. ماذا تفعل؟ ماذا تفعل؟ ماذا فعل؟ فعل مضارع. كيف تعلم أنه فعل مضارع؟ نعلم أنه فعل مضارع بسبب ماذا؟ بسبب أنه إذا نحاول أن نضع مضارع فيها، سنستطيع. هل سوف تفعل؟ هل سوف تفعل؟ فعل مضارع. هل أنت معي؟ because the scene and the sofa were uniquely only those who entered on to what? فعل مضارع. فأن احاول أن نضع مضارع، فهذا سيستطيع. فهذا فعل مضارع. فهذا يسافروا. فعلا فعل مضارع. مرفوع. إنه مرفوع. يسافروا. فعل مضارع. ماذا تدفع؟ أنه مضارع الان بسبب أنه يستطيع أن نضع مضارع before it. هل ستفعله؟ نعم لأنه سيفعله ، نعلم that the only one they accept seen and so far is who فعل مضارع the present verb good so it's مرفوع it's مرفوع because look at the ending of the letter or the word دراء دراء is مرفوع يسافره that's مرفوع why is it مرفوع؟ لتجروده من عامني يقتضي نصبه أو عامني يقتضي جزمه the فعل مضارع only goes through three situations and I don't want to complicate it too much on to you but it goes only through the now the verb the فعل مضارع goes through three situations one it is what? it is either رفع أو نصب أو جزم the رفع is when there is nothing before it when there is nothing before it what do I mean but there is nothing before it meaning there is no word there is no حرف or there is no adat that go before it that change it from either نصب to جزم to نصب or جزم are you with me? so the فعل مضارع goes through three situations الرفع والنصب والجزم did I say جر؟ جزم very good there are two times that it becomes نصب and جزم it's easy because you just need to learn the words that go before it that make it منصوب and they call it أدواتو نصب you just memorize them and the next time it becomes مجزوم you just need to memorize أدواتو جزم that go before it and it becomes مجزوم whereas the فعل مضارع when those two are not there the grammarians they say لتجرد تجرد means what? when you tear something off something or you strip it off it so the فعل مضارع here it's stripped off from what? أدواتو الجزم and أدواتو نصب it's free from it so you suffer is there anything before it? no sorry you suffer is there anything before it? from أدواتو الجزم or أدواتو نصب no there isn't so what we say here is مرفوع فعل مضارع مرفوع لتجردوده من عامل يقتضي نصبه or عامل يقتضي جزمه فإذا قلتا for example if you say لن يسافر pay attention now the word يسافر has something on before it now the word لن went before it right then لن is from the عامل يقتضي نصبه it's عامل it's a factor it's a thing that forces it to become what نصب for example look at the word يسافر لن يسافر you say here when we look at the word يسافر we grammatically analyze it we will say يسافر is منصوب وعلامة نصبه الفتحة it's منصوب why? because the عامل of أدواتو نصب one of them entered it the word لن whenever it goes before فعل مضارع what does it do to it? it makes a منصوب so here now what happened تغيّر العامل the عامل changed here from now what did it change from? it changed it from it's what it used to be which was رفع and it made it into مصوب good instead of لن put the word لن before it الفتحة مضارع so don't say لن so this author said look و هو لن فإذا قلت لن يسافر keep looking at the راء because that's what you have to do إعرابوزوات والتغيير الأواخر أواخر الكلمة look at the ending of the word the راء what happened to it here right now? what happened to it here right now it became مجزوم why did it become مجزوم? because the word لن went before it and the word لن when it goes before اي فعل مضارع what does it do to it? it makes it مجزوم so this is an عامل a factor a thing that forces it to become what for it to change so تغيّر حالو the word يسافر it used to be and then it changed to يسافراء and then now it changed into what you say فر the reason is because the reason why it changed is من الرفع أو النصب إلى الجزم لتغيّر العامل بعامل الآخر يقتضي جزمه وهو لم the word لم forced it to be