 So, continuing with the previous module, we are looking at the different operators which are there in PHP and in this module we look at the bitwise up to the logical operators. So, let's look at the module coverage. So, we look at the comparison operators, we look at the increment and decrementing operators and we look at the logical operators. Now, you may be wondering that why do we have this incrementing and decrementing operator? I will go into more details, but the reason being that if something is to be done very frequently, again and again, like in a loop, so for that purpose we have that incrementing and decrementing operator. So, let's go into more details. So, you can see over here that we have this equal operator, which is true if x is same as y. Now, you may be wondering that I have this equal operator and then we have this another operator with the equal sign. So, what is the difference between them? The difference between them is that they have to be of the same type also. Remember that in PHP, the type is changed in the context in which the variable is used. So, this is true when the type is also same. Of course, this is clear, not identical, less than, greater than and less than equal to. This is simple. This is straightforward. Okay, now we move on and let's see what other interesting stuff we have. So let's work with the comparison operators. So I assign this value over here and as you can see, this is an integer value. So 23, of course, is less than 24. So I get a true over here and over here, we get, what do we get over here? Why do we, because PHP converts the string to an integer, okay? It converts the string to an integer in the context of it was being used, right? And this is displayed false over here. Why? Because 23, they are same, but the type is different. Okay, they are not of the same data type. And this is very obvious. Okay. This is greater than equal to equalities over here. Okay. And this is false because of this. So it is fairly obvious how the comparison operators work incrementing, decrementing operators, there is a difference. So this coming before, before the variable and over here it is coming after the variable. Okay. So when it comes before the variable, okay, then adds one and then returns the result over here returns and then adds. So if we set it to five, okay, so this adds and we get six. But over here, this is after since it is after therefore it displays and the new value will be six. If, if I do the eco over here, if I do a eco over here of X, this will be okay. This will be six, not five. Let's look more at the logical operators, expressions which evaluate to true, okay. I have one, it will evaluate to true. One is of course, same as one, three is greater than true of obviously and hello is not. There is no semantics over here. No semantics is just a string match, okay. This is just a string match. There are no semantics over here and the expression which will always, always evaluate to false is that three is not less than, this is wrong. This is, this is wrong. So this will false, okay. And of course, hello is not same as goodbye and so on. So what, so what more is to the logical operators, values which are considered by PHP, you can see on the screen that these values are false integer value zero, zero, okay. So you can see how PHP works with the logical operators. Now more on logical operators. So this may not surprise you that we have and over here and we have and over here also. Now these are not the same. They are not same, okay. Not same precedence. I will talk more about it. So we have these are logical operators over here, okay. And these are the examples. So assuming x is equal to two and y is three, right. So let's look at over here. So x is greater than one, all right. And x is less than five. So is always this is true. So we get a true over here. But over here if you see that x is equal to two and x and y is three to y wrong because y falls because this is x or exclusive or both cannot be true. If they are true, then it's false. Okay. So this is how these operators are working over here.