 Good evening everyone, this session today it is for the purpose of an analysis of the main essay paper 2020 essay paper. So, as you all know essay paper has two parts to it the first section section A which is very abstract and philosophical whereas the next section section B which is pretty straight forward. So, section A questions are asked by UPSE to test an individual aspirant it is to test whether you have understood about yourself or not that is the purpose of section A questions whereas section B questions are about whether you have understood the outside world. So, it is the these two aspects which are being tested by the UPSE in its main essay paper and while handling section B is very easy for most of the aspirants since you tend to learn about a lot about the outside world during your normal process of preparation when you read about society when you read about the political setup when you read about how the world functions. So, you do get a lot of points which you can make use of and write a very good essay when it comes to section B questions but it is in the first section section A where aspirants tend to have a problem because they are not used to this way of approaching various philosophical quotes and neither before coming into preparation or even after they come into the preparation the only relationship that they have with these kind of philosophical and abstract ideas is what they learn from the ethics paper. Otherwise, there is a very minimal exposure that is given on these kind of topics. So, the purpose of the session is to help you approach such kind of questions if they were to be asked in the next year or so let us have a look at the four questions. So, we have four different quotes which talk about four different themes or philosophies about a human life. So, in fact, I would even say that the answer for this question can actually be extracted out of your personal experiences and life and that can be the best answer that you can actually build for your entire essay. And let me also point out that many aspirants who get really good marks in the other general studies paper, we have four other general studies paper and optional subject also aspirants who get good marks in other papers many a times they also tend to go down in the essay paper. So, what could be the reason for this? What is the explanation for this? How can you score really good marks in GS and how can you score 90 marks 100 marks in the essay paper? The main reason is because it is not about you lack the writing skills that is required to score marks in the essay, you know, the reason is because your question selection was not appropriate. You were not cautious enough to choose the very correct answer that has a question that has to be chosen for handling this essay paper. So, why do we make such kind of mistakes? And even when you look at these four questions in 2020 essay paper also at least the second question is one which should not be attempted. So, the first the first important aspect of how you approach an essay paper is about knowing which question you should not attempt than choosing which question you should attempt. So, every year out of four questions at least one or two questions will be of such nature that better you avoid those kind of questions and why do I say you should avoid this question? It is because this word mindful manifesto, how do you define that? How do you define mindfulness? Every very subjective, each aspirant will have his or her own way of interpretation. The examiner will have a completely different way of interpretation. So it is no guarantee that the examiner will be convinced with whatever you have written. So, unless you have very, very good writing skills where you are able to convince the examiner with your writing that this is what this is the way how this word has to be understood. Unless you have such extraordinary writing skills, it is better to avoid those these kind of questions where you really do not know what it means or even if the question gives you the scope to define it in your own words and to take it forward, it is better to avoid them. And even in the very second question, look at the word tranquil self. So, you should be precise about the meaning of the words. If you if you are not precise about the words that are actually asked in the question and if you if there is too much of subjectivity in the question where it is not a straightforward interpretation, you have to define it and you have to take the essay forward better to avoid such kind of questions. We have three more questions to choose from. So, once you are able to avoid yourself falling into the strap, it would be safe to assume that you will get above average scores. The only reason why people get very low scores being pulled down just because of essay paper is doing a wrong question selection. So, avoid that first and we will have a look at the other three questions that we have. So, even among the three questions, I would say simplicity is the ultimate sophistication. It might appear to be a very very simple question. It might appear it is a very easy question. I can just go ahead and I can write answering about it. I know so many examples about simple people in life. I know about Mahatma Gandhi and I know about about APJ Abdul Kalam. So, and I have a lot of examples even in present day also. So, let me just write everything that I know about them. But the question is not about simplicity. The question is about simplicity is the ultimate sophistication. How do you actually understand this word sophistication? What is your interpretation of the word sophistication? Okay. So, unless you have the correct idea, correct interpretation, you will only be writing a vague answer. You will only be writing an answer which would appear as of simplicity is the best virtue. He is simple. He achieved all these things in life. This person is simple. So, Abdul Kalam was able to become the president even just having one suitcase in his hand. He was a very simple man. The question is not at all about simplicity. The question is about how well are you able to relate simplicity as the best thing that some people can aspire for. That is the meaning of sophistication. How do you say a person has a very sophisticated life when he or she has the best of materialistic things in his life? The car you drive, the furniture that you have in your home, the kind of computers that you have. So, the kind of mobile phone gadgets that you use. All that decides whether you have a sophisticated life or not. You can equate sophisticated to the best, the most refined, the most desirable products, desirable aspect to anything. That would be an interpretation of the word sophisticated. That is also the meaning of the word sophisticated. So, we have a different challenge here in the form of the fourth question. The question is asking you, how can you consider being simple as the most desirable thing? Right? So, you cannot just write examples or an example of simplicity. That is not what we actually require. But what is required is, how can you say that simplicity is what is the most admired and most desired? It is the most refined aspect of anything. So, how do you actually define that? And you will have to take an essay for 10 to 12 pages with this idea alone. So, this again has this particular challenge. So, you are addressing this question, has this challenge that are you actually addressing the demand of the question or are you just writing about simplicity throughout your answer? Okay. So, this is one other challenge that aspirants should be clear about. So, it is better to look at the other two questions also. Just because the question is small in size, it does not mean that you have to immediately jump and start answering this question. No. Any essay paper, the minute you see the question paper, spend some good 10 minutes just thinking and choosing questions. Total of 180 minutes you have to complete this essay paper. Just 10 minutes you can very well lavishly spend on question selection. The first important step is recognizing this is one question that I should not attempt. And out of the other three questions, this is one question where I might go wrong about the interpretation of this word sophisticated because unless you know the exact meaning, you will only be writing about half of the question. The other half of the question you are actually ignoring when you write the essay. You will not even recognize this mistake that you are doing when you keep on writing for 10 to 12 pages. It is only when you get the marks, you will be able to realize the mistake that you have actually done. So, it is better to skip this and look at other two questions also. Maybe you can write it. I am not saying that those who have written this question, you have made a wrong choice. No. My only point is, are you addressing the entire question or are you only addressing a part of it and assuming that you have written a well written answer or not. That is all. If you have addressed it clearly, then it is good. You will be getting good marks also. You can even choose the fourth question, but it is always better just skip the question number two because it is very, very subjective. There is a high chance of going wrong with this kind of a question. So, that leaves us with another two more questions, question number one and question number three. So, let us look at both these questions. I will also give an idea about the question number four also, but before that, if I were to write this examination, it is better to go for question number one and question number four and let us have a look at them. Let us think about them. So, question number one, life is a long journey between human being and being humane. Okay. So, what this question actually expects from an aspirant is to point out the different transformation that happens in the life of a human being. So, how do you differentiate between this? Life is a long journey. Okay. It is a journey between human being and being humane. Human being and being humane. How do you differentiate between this? Human being is just, it is a one other species created by the nature. Human being is just another, it is a human being is just like an animal. There is nothing differentiating a human being from an animal except for the larger brain size, the more capacity, intellectually that we have. That is the only point of difference when we are born. That is the difference. But by the time you grow up, when you become old, 20 years, 30 years, 40 years, 50 years in your life, you undergo a transformation which the animals cannot undergo. So, that is the essence of this particular question. And why do I say we can actually choose this first question? The reason is because it's influence with ethics paper. So, always try to choose questions for which you might be able to connect it with the ethics paper, GS paper 4 that you have studied. It is from that paper, you can actually pick up a lot of points and you can actually write an essay very well. And it's not a coincidence when I say that aspirants who score good marks in ethics paper will also score good marks in essay paper also. It's a common trend that is visible. So, since the question talks about life is a long journey between human being and being human. So, you can write endless amount of points from whatever you have studied from your ethics paper. So, there is an influence from ethics paper which you can actually bring in here. At least some 10 points you'll be able to write from ethics paper. So, this is one definitely one question which I would be choosing. Another question that I would actually prefer next in line. So, I can give equal priority for either for question number one or for question number 3 also. The reason why I choose 3 years very straightforward interpretation ships do not sink because of water around them. Ships sink because of water that gets inside them. Okay. It's very, very easy to connect also. Why would a ship sink? Maybe it's because it's faulty. It has a hole in it. So, it allows water inside it. So, then it sinks into the oceans. So, what the question actually talks about is as this entire section is very personal and very abstract in nature. The way you approach this question will be that there is a lot of trouble. There are a lot of problems each and every human being faces around us in our daily lives. But it is all about our reactions to those problems which determine our outcomes. The same aspirants, if we have to take the case of two aspirants who have given four mains or four personality test, both of them will have, will face the same kind of challenges and problems. The same criticisms will be faced. But one of them will be hardened enough. One of them will not allow those criticisms to disturb his mental state. He will just pursue in his or her own pursuits, whereas the other aspirant might get bogged down. The other aspirant might feel burdened by the criticisms that are pointed at him. So, that is going to be exhibited in the outcomes. One aspirant is going to clear maybe in the next item, whereas the other one, since just because he was worried constantly about what others will think, what will be the consequences even if I do not clear in this item. Because of that being too much bothered about it, he is not going to clear this examination. So, it is a very simple correlation that you can actually make out of it. There are just so many such examples which you can actually pick out and you can write as an answer for this particular question. So, before we get into the, into the thoughts and ideas that we can actually bring it in the question, I would say that question selection for this question paper, you have four questions. It is better to choose question number one, three. If not, at least it can be four, but definitely it should not be two. Either you can choose question number one or question number three or question number four, better to avoid these kind of questions. So, now that we have chosen one question, so let us try to discuss about at least one or two questions. So, I will just take question number three, ships do not sink because of water outside them. They sink because of water inside them. What is that UPSC is actually expected that I have just given you a hint, it talks about the external factors or you can say the problems, negativities, all kinds of issues that any person has to face in their normal lives. And to think about this essay, what all other points you can generate, you can even think about the question itself. You can ask yourself the question, why would the ship sink? A ship sinks because of water getting into it, right? So, why would water get into it? Either because the ship has a hole in it, it has a defect, right? The ship has a defect and that is why water starts seeping into it. It gets filled with water and naturally it sinks. The other reason why a ship can actually sink is also because of overloading. So, these two can be taken as a spark for taking your answer forward, ok. So, how you can relate the topic is, one is defect, defectors you have a hole and you start the ship starts admitting water inside that, which is actually the case with all these negative external factors. You have all the problems in life, people criticize you. So, once you start taking those criticism seriously, in that case then your efforts will also be affected. So, these are the actions and you will also have a consequential reaction for these actions. So, these reactions are exhibited in the form of failures, but whereas for some people, these criticism might not even affect them at all. They will just go single-mindedly in their focus, in their path and they will just achieve success in their lives. So, you can even bring in a lot of examples when you talk about this particular issue. An example in this case can also be about J.K. Rowling, so the author of the best-selling Harry Potter series. So, she was, she did in fact face a lot of rejection in her lives. So, when she wrote her earlier books and she wanted to get them published, no publisher was willing to take and publish her books, but that did not deter her at all. She kept on, she kept on pushing herself. She kept on persisting. So, it was the end result of her persistence which paid her back. So, she became the author of the best-selling book in this entire book, best-selling series of this entire world next to, just next to Bible. So, how did this happen? The same kind of external factors which would have faced by any other, any other authors, the same factors were also faced by J.K. Rowling also. The whole world would have criticized her. The whole world would have said that she is a failure. But in spite of that, when many authors would have just given up on writing, she kept on writing. She knew that she believed in something and she just wanted to achieve that goal. So, she was able to push herself forward, something which you can actually relate to this question. So, you have all these problems, but did she allow those problems to affect her? The answer is no. Similarly, the example of the aspirants which I have given, so that is also something that you can actually bring about in your answer. They can also diversify. So, diversification doesn't mean that you have to think on social, political, economic. No, that is not the way how you write these kind of abstract topics. When you write section B topics, when you write answers for section B essay questions, you can very well think about diversification on social basis, on economic reasons of patriarchy, social reasons of patriarchy, religious reasons of patriarchy that is very much allowed. But when you write these kind of abstract ideas, it is better to just write it as a flow instead of compartmentalizing into small, small, watertight compartments. Okay. Don't do that. That would actually have a lot of disconnect when the examiner reads the essay, when you break an abstract essay and when you make it into economic aspects of, you cannot even think of, you cannot actually divide an answer for this question into such kind of parts. Better for philosophical and abstract topics, don't compartmentalize the essays. Write a free flowing essay, connecting, establishing, connect across different paragraphs. That is all that you have to notice because the very idea, the seed of the idea should be very visible in each and every paragraph that you write. It's a core idea. The core idea is about whether we react to outside stimuli or not. That is a core idea. So, what differentiates in the different manner in which different people react to the external stimuli? Okay. Some people take it easily. Some people take it too much into them. So, it's the, it is this same idea which should be completely communicated through the entire eight-odd mind pages. You cannot break, there is no scope of breaking it into different, different parts. So, this is another aspect which aspirin should keep in mind. So, we can just try to come up with many other examples also. Another example in this instance would be, let's take the case of any financial crisis, any depression or recession, 2088 global financial crisis. Whenever the markets, whenever the markets are down, whenever the economy is down, you will feel, you will find that certain companies will go bankrupt. So, those companies would have been hailed as the best-performing companies just the previous year. But the minute a global recession happens or an economic downturn happens, many companies will just go bankrupt and bust. They would, so, whereas certain other companies will even overcome such kind of economic recession, three years, four years, in spite of markets not being good, even then you will find some companies overcoming this crisis. What differentiates these two? If you look at it, it's because some companies have a very strong business practices. They have very hardworking employees. The way they maintain their customers, the way they service their customers, it is all really much better than the companies which have gone bankrupt. So, that is the core difference. So, what I'm trying to point out here is, it is the same economic situation, the same negative economic situation, which is affecting all the companies together, but while some companies are able to perform better, while some companies are able to overcome those crisis, some companies are not. Why? It's because they are defective. They have allowed this negative external sentiments affect their company's performance. They have allowed low demand in the market affect their supply systems, whereas some companies, that was not the case. So, you can even diversify and think on those lines. So, these are just a few examples to show that you can keep on diversifying if you are just creative enough. And never think that any kind of a template approach will work. I will just memorize some commonly asked questions and I'll just come with prepared with some handy quotes, some 10, 15 quotes. I'll be able to just use that quote anywhere, everywhere, any kind of question is asked. No. Philosophical topics, they themselves are abstract ideas. You cannot add one more quote in the middle of philosophical questions and if you start answering that way, your entire answer, there is a chance that you will end up confusing the examiner even more. So, it is better to keep it simple, don't complicate by writing too many quotes for abstract questions because abstract question itself starts with a quote. It is a quote that ships do not sink. So, you are here to clarify and explain that quote further. It's not your task to add more and more quotes in this answer. Maybe in the other section, you can have the liberty of doing it. So having some originality and creativity when in approaching abstract topics will always be helpful in scoring some of the highest marks in Part A questions. And another mistake which aspirants tend to do when they approach philosophical questions, they just bring in a lot of examples. Never make it as if it's a paper where you just write 10 to 15 different examples. It's not examples that count, but what is the connect? Even while we approach this particular question, we can have these kind of examples. The examples are the life of J.K. Rowling. That's definitely one. Companies that are able to overcome the negative economic situation. Definitely, that is another example you can write. The instance of difference between two different aspirants. Why do they react in a particular way? Definitely, that is also an example that you can write. But what are the ideas behind these examples? What is that you have to focus when you write these examples? These examples are just to illustrate that there are certain traits, there are certain characters which help certain ships not to sink. Okay, so what are they? Why think of, think from the quote itself, what is given? Ships let water inside them. Some of them they sink, right? So what can make a ship not to sink? Because it's made of very hard wood that is very strong. Maybe that is why it's not able to let water inside. And maybe the ships which do not allow water into them have been properly repaired. That is, they have been taken care of. They are very well prepared, preparation. They are very well prepared to face the rough weather the stormy seas. Maybe that is another reason being prepared. Yes, so these are some of the ideas which you should also be bringing in your answer. Why is JK Rowling resilient enough? Whereas many other authors would have, in her position, they would have just given up on their dream. But JK Rowling was able to pursue further and further. What was the reason behind that? Because she believed in persistence. So you have to explain the idea of persistence in your answer. You have to talk about the virtue of persistence. Why is persistence really required? And it is only by talking about this value, you will be able to justify the NSA. Otherwise, it would be a very simplistic way of talking about people. It's not about the people or about incidents that we are interested. It is about the purpose. It is about the idea that has to be communicated. That is of much more interest to us in SAP. So similarly, maybe just, you can just compare it. Like JK Rowling would have had a very thick skin. When I say thick skin, you do not allow the external factors to come and affect you. You are strong enough. You are mentally strong. So you can even say mental strength would be very, very much required. So as to not be affected by external factors. That can also be another idea that you can actually be bringing in in the answer. And when it comes to the example of this aspirant, you can even say resilience. Resilience is, in spite of four failures, the aspirant who had failed for last four times once again gets up from the failure and he or she is able to pursue forward. Okay, there are real life examples. In 2017, 18, I think there was a topper, all in their rank one. So he was also an aspirant who had failed for four, four examinations, four exams he was not able to clear. Fifth attempt he became the all in their rank one. So this is also another example that you can actually quote here. Example is fine, but the idea behind it is about the virtue of resilience. Why is it necessary to come up from failures? Not all people are able to do that. They tend to bog down. And they feel that the failures are too overpowering that they will never be able to get up on their feats. So maybe as a part of this, you can even bring in examples to say that the difference between a failure and a success is whether you're ready to get up after your failure or not get up and once again start your work after you have failed both or everybody fails in life. But whether are you just terminated because of the failure or you feel that you have to once again get up and strive and should you succeed and achieve your goal for the virtue of resilience. This should also be brought in in your own. So this is how you will have to talk about incidents, even examples. At the same time, connect them to some values, connect them to these kind of traits, these kind of personal characteristics. It is only by doing this, your essay will feel connected. Just by writing many aspirants I've seen when it comes to essay paper, they just write examples after examples without knowing that it is not the examples that matter, but rather it is the idea that is being communicated, that is being expressed, which actually makes even more sense. So this part is the most important part. Examples are just there so as to substantiate this part. You cannot just focus on this aspect and completely neglect upon this aspect. Okay, so we can also think about, as I told you, so how can we, so maybe once you start writing this essay, you will feel that I have written for five pages, now I'm not having points to write for another five more pages. So what can you actually do? How do I diversify? And believe me, all that economic, social, political, those kind of approaches will not actually work well for abstract essays. So how can you diversify for such a question? As soon as you hit the end, five pages, six pages, you're not able to push it further. So think about this question again. Ships sink because of water in them. As I told you, why do water enter? Because the ship is defective first. It has a hole, that is why it is able to allow water. Other reason is it becomes too overloaded, overburdened. That is also another reason why a ship might sink. So come connected to a real life. Why would a person become overloaded? So you can say there are also negative traits which a person can build in an inside home. Let's say being proud about oneself, the pride aspect. Okay, so once you start feeling that you are the most significant person in this entire world, you have achieved things which nobody else have achieved. Once you start getting that to your head, that is like you're burning, you're putting too much and too much of load inside yourself. That itself is again going to lead to your downfall. This is also another creative way of interpreting this question. It's not that it's only the defective aspect alone has to be answered. It's also because of, you can also imagine in this manner, a ship getting overloaded. Similarly, a person also putting in too much into his head. He just cannot have his feet grounded on grounded. So that is also another reason. You can also make an example here. The example of Sachin Tendulkar versus Vinod Kambli. Both of them excellent players, equally talented. But while Sachin was able to succeed well in his life, Vinod Kambli ended up as a failure. So what could be the reason? Sachin Tendulkar was always humble, very grounded. So he knew that he had to always go one step further. He was never weak on practicing. But Vinod Kambli, he was just completely occupied with his success. He took his success to his head. And after that, his performance started coming down. He felt that there is nothing more beyond that to achieve. He's the best player in this world probably. So with such a kind of a thought, Vinod Kambli's performance started getting affected and he actually finally ended up getting pushed out of the cricket team itself completely. So that can be another point that you can actually bring in. So here we talk about certain traits that you should have. We can also talk about this Vinod Kambli example. And you can say, baggage is feeling unnecessarily proud of one's achievement. Okay, not having the humility that is actually required. So those are all some other aspects which can actually sink you, which can actually pull you down. So this is also another way of how you can diversify your essay. You can take your essay forward in this direction. So this is how this essay can be approached and you can write a, so this is just a template. This is just my imagination. I'm sure each one of you will have your own creativity and imagination and points to write for this essay. So why I would actually prefer for this essay is just because of the fact that there is no room for misinterpretation. You can only misinterpret it in this manner. It's very simple that anybody who reached this question can interpret it in this particular direction, right? But whereas question number two, as I told you, there is a high chance of misinterpretation of the question itself. Whereas question number four, simplicity is the ultimate sophistication, unless you know the word sophisticated properly, there is always a scope of not addressing the entire question. You will only be ending up addressing a part of that question, right? So these are some of the tips which you can actually have in mind. So when you have four questions, when you have four section A abstract questions, better exercise your thought in first choosing what question I should not be attempting in this exam. Once you're clear with that, have a look at the other questions and decide which is the most appropriate for you, where you can think about more and more examples, where it is very open for you, that you won't have to be an expert in any particular discipline, just by common sense, just by what we have heard from our lives. And these kind of examples and these kind of connect about the need for persistence, the need for strength, the need for resilience, if you talk about it, the examiner will also be able to connect himself well with these, because these are all aspects traits which all of us have, which all of us would have used at some point of time in the lives. So when you're able to write about these kind of ideas and traits, definitely the examiner is going to get impressed and he will be able to perceive that personal touch and connect when you write such an essay. Okay. So this is something which you can think about. Let me also give you some ideas, how could you have approached other questions? So when I said that in the fourth question, ultimate sophistication, as I told you, many aspirants would just give a lot of examples about simplicity. But where is this connect with sophistication? Sophistication is the best. You can see the most desirable advanced. So you can interpret it in these kind of manner. Okay. So how can you relate being plain simplicity, not being complicated? How can you relate these two aspects and build an essay? What kind of examples could you actually think about so as to connect these two aspects together? Another important challenge for approaching this particular question. Of course, you will get a lot of examples on simplicity, but how would you relate it to being sophisticated? That's the challenge. An example which I can actually give you here with respect to Apple, Apple company, if you just think once about why did Apple become a hit? Why were iPhones such a huge hit when they were launched? What was the reason behind that? The reason was it's complete simplicity. While during the time iPhone was launched, if you take Nokia phones or Motorola or any other mobile manufacturers, all of them were adding more and more buttons to the screen. On the front, you have buttons. On the side, you have buttons. On the backside, you will have some opening lens cover. Okay. It was becoming more and more complex and complicated. So Steve Jobs, what did he do? All he did was he just replaced all the buttons, all he had was a home button, nothing else. And he introduced touch in his wife phone. And it just became a hit. Why people felt it to be less complicated? It's not that for each and every function, you'll have to use a particular shortcut and a particular buttons. No problem with any of those things. So very simple, but at the same time, everybody desired an Apple product. They felt that it is the highest level of refinement in mobile technology. So it doesn't mean that you have to add more and more functionalities only by adding more and more complexities. It is not by only by adding more and more buttons. You can actually achieve a product which is the highest level in technology. It is by making it more and more simple and iPhone achieve what the other manufacturers were not able to achieve. This is one example that I can actually show, I can tell you. So as to help you connect these two aspects together, just writing about simplicity alone is not the key. But why is it the best? That why aspect is the connect between these two parts of the question. So that has to be actually brought out just by endless explanation of simple people in the world. We are not actually justifying the question. Another example which I can actually give you the same way is the classic example which almost all aspirants will be also aware of. In space, the pens were all not working. It's because you don't have gravity. So the ink was not flowing properly. And so they tried and the NASA, NASA experimented with all different kinds of methods. They invented new pens for that purpose, all that was done. But after all, what was the solution to this problem? The solution is just a simple pencil. Okay, it doesn't need much of complexity, not no more technology is required. Your purpose is just to write and make notes in space. That's all. So what is the best thing that can do? So when people started thinking on these complex manner, the actual solution lies in the most simple of things, which is just write with a pencil and get over with your problem. So in this case also, it's a very simple pencil and not a very complicated pen technology or writing technology, which actually served the purpose. So this is another example of thinking in a very simple manner. Okay, and you can come up with such kind of examples and another example which I can actually talk about is the simplicity of Mahatma Gandhi. But it's not just about the simplicity. That alone is not the demand of the question. So why do we say that it was the best? People had all kinds of ideas. They had socialist ideas. All concepts of economic drain were put forward by many nationalists. Few revolutionaries came up to the national struggle. They were even ready to sacrifice their lives. But what all of them had failed to do, Mahatma Gandhi was able to achieve. All of them put forward a very complex theories, socialist theories. They were able to explain why Britain were able to extract money from the people and how they were transferring it to London. All such theories did not strike a chord with the common man. But a very simple act on the part of Mahatma Gandhi, just renunciation. He gave up all his luxurious way of life. He became very plain, very simple, lived a very simple life. That was the reason why Mahatma Gandhi's words were widely accepted. Whereas many other people did not command the same stature and respect that Mahatma Gandhi commanded. So this is also another example of how you can actually connect simplicity with the purpose. What is the purpose? The purpose is mobilizing people. Gandhi was able to mobilize people with the simplicity. That's the best form of mobilization was achieved under the leadership of Gandhi G. Complete nation was galvanized. Whereas other people with all their complex ideas, with all their displays of their knowledge, intellect, writing constantly, they were not able to actually bring people together. But Gandhi with his personal, simple lifestyle, renouncing all materialistic positions in life. So that was another way of how Gandhi was able to achieve the desired act, right? So the point here is not to give you more and more examples. The point is just to show you that this would have been the correct way of approaching this question, not just writing about simplicity. So similarly, we have another question also. The other question is about, life is a journey between human being and being human. So this is an entire question, which expects you to differentiate how a human being transforms from just a mere another animal. So when a human being is born, when you are young, you are just like any other organism. You are just born with certain needs which every other animal is also in any other species is also born. What are those needs? The need to have a proper shelter. They need to have your basic needs of hunger satisfied. The need to procreate. So all these are the only same instincts which any other human being also has just like any other member of the animal species. But as you go ahead, you learn a lot of things from the society. You learn what you can say as the feeling of compassion towards others. This is something which animals can never learn. And it is not just compassion towards other fellow human beings. It is also compassion towards other species themselves. It's only human beings who have this capacity of feeling a compassionate towards animals, not to kill them, not to torture them. So this kind of a transformation, how does it actually happen? It happens because of our teachings, because of what we learn from the society. How do we perceive what are the different values in the society? So this is, so this entire question actually traces the role of, positive role of various other influencing factors on changing a human being. So you have to talk about education system. So you have to talk about certain human values that we have, the values of not stealing from others, the value of not killing others just for one's own purpose. Those are all what animals can do. But human beings, when we live in a civilized society, when we say that our life is civilized, we talk about certain basic values that we have to follow. So how do we learn those values? Why are the, what is the importance of these values? By having a connect with your ethics paper, whatever you learn from general studies paper four, definitely you'll be able to write a meaningful answer for this particular question. The role of parents, teachers, school systems, the role of your friends group, readings that you do from ideas of various people. So these are all some of the factors that actually change the nature of human being from being completely selfish. He becomes selfless. He starts wondering about others. He starts thinking many people. See when, when you say Bill Gates and Melinda, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, why was it created? Because Bill Gates started becoming humane. Until then he was just a human being. He was just competitive. Just like how animals fight for more and more resources. Even any business is also doing the same. It is just fighting for having more and more resources at its disposal. So yes, even Microsoft was doing the same thing, accumulating more and more money resources to themselves, becoming bigger and bigger in size, wiping out all their competitors. But at the end of it, slowly there's a transformation in the way Bill Gates himself perceives the world. He starts, whatever he has earned, he starts giving out for the benefit of others. Something which is the essential characteristic of being compassionate. Humane is being benevolent or compassionate towards fellow human being. So why does it actually happen? So when we human beings, when we go on the roads, when somebody is injured, immediately we stop our vehicles and go and tend to their problems. We go and give them some kind of a relief. What is the reason for that? It's because we are not just focused on our own selves, which animals would have been, but rather we tend to care about others. The external care is what is the entire demand of this question. You can actually write a good answer for this question by having connections with your ethics paper. So this is also fine. Even you can even choose this question and write an answer for that. So this is the way how philosophical essays have to be answered. So in a nutshell, I can conclude and say that there are three questions in the essay paper, which you can comfortably attempt. Just that you have to be careful when you choose this question. Simplicity is the best sophistication. Apart from that, the other two questions, there is no scope of misinterpretation. You have the question clearly before you. The way you interpret is exactly going to be the correct way of interpreting it. There is no other way of interpretation. So any other aspirant who writes this may give different examples, but the tone of all different essays will be the same. That is why I say these are very less room for subjective interpretations. You can only interpret in one standard way. The direction will be the same, but the kind of examples each and every aspirant gives will be completely different. So question number one and question number three would fit into that category. So I would actually personally prefer these questions. Question number one and question number three for attempting in this essay paper. Whereas question number four, if you can precisely understand the demand of the question, it is always welcome. You can attempt even question number four. So, but question number two is a strict no, unless you are really extraordinarily good with writing. So if you're good with writing, you can convince any kind of an examiner about the correctness of what you have written. So hence you can proceed in your path. You can even choose question number two, but for the general audience, my suggestion would be better to skip question number two, focus on question number one, three and four. Choose one among them. Have a connect with your personal lives. Find writing material from what you study in general studies paper four. And after that, write an essay, which is very clear. Good communication skills will definitely matter. A good writing skill without grammatical mistakes, writing ability to convey exactly what thought you had in mind is what actually determines the marks that you get in your essay. Of course, question selection is the most vital thing. Question selection is what ensures you do not end up choosing a wrong question and completely losing out your marks. But as soon as you choose a correct question, how well you are going to write about that particular question, decides the amount of marks that you will actually get. So having a very good connect across the ideas, across the different parts of the topic and writing it clearly without any grammatical mistakes. So all these aspects will definitely play a role in getting some of the good marks an aspirant can get in this essay examination. So with this, I think section A is over. Section B topics are pretty much simple. They are not confusing. At least the theme is very, very clear. The room of misinterpretation in section B topics is very, very less. And moreover, out of the four questions that were asked, at least two questions could have been answered if you would have prepared for the previous year's essay question paper. Let's say the question asked in this year in 2020 about patriarchy, that question could have been very well answered. If you have just looked at the essay paper of previous year and if you would have prepared for that topic, the problems faced by new women is a myth. The idea of new women is a myth. That was a question asked in 2019 means. Just if you have prepared well for that question, you would have understood the idea behind patriarchy. How is patriarchy visible in our daily life, in our homes? How is it visible in schools? How is it visible in families? How is it visible in the place where we work? So patriarchy is a kind of a domination that men exercise over women. It is not just physical domination, but it is just, it is manifested in various kind of ways. So if you would have prepared well for the 2019 question on new women, definitely it would become so easy to have handled this particular question this year. Similarly, many other topics also have a connect with previous year's questions. The question on economic justice, which is asked in section B. That is also something that could have been actually managed with all your previous year's question paper analysis, with the ideas that you get from general studies paper two preparation, those will be sufficient enough to handle section B questions in a right manner. But it is only when it comes to handling section A, you have to be a bit more creative. Never think that just memorizing something about various questions will be, will become helpful for me in the essay paper. Be as innovative as possible. Get inspired from various quotes that you would have actually faced in your lives. Think well about the quotes that you will be facing as a part of your test series when you write your main essay tests. And it's only by prior thinking on various quotes of philosophers, you will be able to think on certain themes. What are those themes that you'll have to think about? So as to be well prepared for handling abstract essay papers. Think about nature of human beings. Think about what gives happiness to humans, happiness in lives. You have to think about the role of, the role of family or instead I would say, the influence of society on human beings. In what way is it in a positive way or in a negative way that the society impacts upon individuals in the society. Think about it. So, and such kind of areas where you think about what is good, what is bad. What do we actually understand by this theme? What is right and what is wrong? So these are some of the aspects that you find actually being made as a question in section A of essay paper. So if you are, if you have already introspected on these aspects whenever you can actually introspect from your own personal life about the reason what brings you happiness in life. Why are you sad at times? So why do you feel that you will not be able to complete a particular work? So if you are able to connect your personal life and if you can bring in some thoughts that you will be able to answer for these questions, definitely that would be the best way to prepare for section A part of essay paper, okay? So I think with this the essay discussion is over. Thank you.