 Vojtek, that's how you pronounce my name. I don't know what these letters are, but that's the phonetic pronunciation. I'm a 3D generalized and a 3D printing enthusiast and I'm a free liberal open open source software user mainly GIMP and Blender Okay. Oh, by the way, my backup file storage is by Autodesk long-lived soft image For the ones who understood the pun, it's that So what is 3D printing? What exactly is 3D printing? I will just try and build on what Matteo just presented a minute ago. So it will be more like a base for what he was presenting 3D printing is an additive made of manufacturing So you build layer on layer basically This allows to have any complex structures built with no It's much easier to have complexity. It's cheaper to have complexity using complexity using 3D printing rather than normal traditional manufacturing Okay So I've shown a video showing How 3D printing works by Matteo had a much better video. So, you know and So the types of machines I will focus in this presentation. I will focus on open source machines So the FDM ones mainly that's fuse deposition modeling. So for example ultimaker These ones are the most popular in the open source Kind of community maker community Then we have the SLA. So these ones are the second one comming soon probably the second cheapest ones. So that's a stereo lithography. This is the second ones. It's this one They don't deposit plastic more like they solidify I resin using ultraviolet light because the traditional the one we use FDM Which are the most popular with us They just deposit melted plastic layer by layer plastic or could do chocolate or metal if you have let's say metal that solidifies fastener and the SLS the final one this is These are the most expensive kind of the majority of the current SLS printers. This is the laser sintering Selective laser sintering printers. They they are very expensive kind of in industry grade and they cost Tens of thousands of euros at least up to hundreds of thousands that the metal the metal solid Sintering printers that are really expensive you can print jewelry with So I want to really talk about them and there are not many. There is one project I heard in Texas that that they because the patents are expiring so they are developing an open source one But I don't see that coming to our houses anytime soon Since it's very dangerous. They use a very high-power lasers and you don't want to have that at home jetting by the way jetting is another type of another type of technology to bring technology does just being developed and it's Not really mainstream yet. So I won't focus on that. It's just being Okay, so I show very short history the first patent was by Chuck Hall in 1984 It was the stereolithography Patent he's now the Owns the systems So that patent is the main patent is expiring and there mean we might see some more arrivals in 3d printing this year Actually, okay, so the applications Probably medicine is the main application for tripping take the longest one over 10 years. It's been in use in especially in dentistry for example and Replacement Very recently there's venue. There's what there are very many Reconstruction surgeries done with that aerospace industry You can see some parts in some jet engines or are 3d printed But it's not widely used especially because it's not very cheap and it's on for very small parts and vital parts product design for Auto-typing for example whether you want to if you want to develop Quickly within a day you have one you have a concept design you can design it You can have it done within a couple hours for example a case for something and art art, which is probably there with with us with Enthusiasts is probably the most prevalent use of 3d printing. It's just printing small trinkets and like key chains So look you can see here some of the stuff I printed and Let me just say was the difference between 3d printing and additive manufacturing because vital is the same thing, but It's so happened that 3d printing is being used more as a kind of customer 3d printing is that is the printing with the Low-end kind of printers which we could have at home and active manufacturing is industry industry 3d printing which is Been used for a very long time for for 20 years and so in the Manufacturing industry Okay, so this is a this is called Gartner's hype cycle curve and This is where we are currently with consumer 3d printing on the top So we are at the peak of inflated expectations now People say because there are a lot of expectations with 3d printing and people just people start People don't believe in 3d printing some people are just the naysayers There's lots of people that just dismiss it straight away. Let's say it's just it's that you cannot print everything Which is partially true, but the technology is being developed so fast that There is there is a lot of a little a lot of possibilities with that and it's only up to us What we what's going to happen in the enterprise 3d printing, which is the industry one? it's actually in the slope of enlightenment so people just start realizing now what are the possibilities in 3d printing especially medicine and Product design design format for industry you can have lighter parts stronger parts and more more durable parts and at the same time you Yeah, you can You can have a your better designs which are Save materials Okay, so process comes most of that most of them already set ready. So I'm just gonna repeat quickly so technology is improving we'll see rise in in possibilities and a new arrivals especially materials and and The resolutions are gonna increase the printers that are coming out of our cheaper and cheaper It's waste-free the PLA polymer is a biodegradable. So it's it's even their batteries are food safe And obviously it's a subtractive. I mean it's not subtractive is additive metal of manufacturing So you don't waste any materials It's faster than molds if you want to develop quickly prototype something if it's for For low low amount of manufacturing if you want to manufacture a couple products as well It's very good because you don't spend thousands of you going through the whole process It makes everything in China. You have the freedom of creation and complexity is like it's cheap like I said it's and it's great community of course there is a and very good community around 3d printing especially in blender and in major cities you have hacker spaces and lots of people just use blender and The cons as currently is a speed and resolution can be unsatisfactory especially with the Lower-end printers the ones they are more affordable ones. You can get for a couple hundred euros You limit the number for materials and it's always gonna stay this way There's some materials that you cannot won't be able to print simply because of the prop properties The labor is expensive and education and it takes quite some time to learn 3d printing for now Because the software is just not ready for for entry level kind of users for for customers for everyday person that wants to design legal implications That's one thing that's worth mentioning For example that what if you design a toy and you give it to someone you sell it to someone and who's going to be Responsible if the if the toy if something happens to the child that uses this toy for example If it's dangerous are you going are you are you going to be responsible for creating the designing the toy or the person Don't manufactures it on their own printer or the printer manufacturer. So it's not clear yet And like I said, it's not for everyone requires requires patience Yeah, these are some of my broken prints. There is some like Christmas ornaments. You can see they're dead So open source of the empty printers so like I said open sources at the heart of 3d printing open source 3d printing That's how it started the customer Now the customer kind of 3d printing this it started in 2008 During the rep rep rep project It was started by makers, but people who want to create create their own machines that can replicate themselves. So now you have many many many Splinters of that of that Technology so with the rep rap family has grown immensely. There's many different deltas Mendel, there's many machines that are there available. You can build yourself. You can download the files and 25 30 40 percent of the printer you can basically you can Print yourself and then you just need to buy the mechanical parts, which are Not printable yet lose the lungs with Taz that's that's quite popular the printer pot, which is the one I own Ultimaker that's the most popular probably in in Europe Okay, so just a quick mention for the peachy 3d printer. It's it's a Canadian Canadian 3d printer. This developed by some Blender Geeks it's Very closely rated to blend to blender to use because there is a script actually in blender that the exports exports your Design as way files and it uses microphone to actually control the 3d printer through the microphone Port so it's really is really under an orthodox solution. It's really really funny Just okay, so the pipeline So the most open source 3d printers what you can what do people use especially for open source like the one I own for example, so You can use blender or any other software you can you don't even need blender You can just download the files if you don't want to design which then you need to slice the Slice into into like a flat planes your model with which then these are instructions for the printer how to On how to on how to print the object like it gives instructions to the extruder on how to move them the motors and Then the positive plastic So This is the 3d printing pipeline. So like I said you design the object you slice the object which produces the g-code this is the slices and then You need to set up some some settings obviously for in slicer, which is the slicing application in order to Desire in order to some designs that require different different settings basically because Some items cannot print Using the default settings so so to say and repet here is that just the last step is used to Just initialize 3d printing and control your 3d printer. You don't need to use it You can just use you can use SD card in many in many of the printers So blender design work of the workflow tips. There's just a couple things you need to keep in mind These are applied to all of the things you would design ever in blender to so the first thing The mesh has to be manifold, which means it hasn't it couldn't it cannot have send cannot have any holes so if you want to for example to I Don't know. I would just quickly show you What you couldn't print for example if you had a new sphere just a sphere and you had a Hole in the point in the sphere so you would need to fill in the hole in order to Be able to 3d print this object because you cannot have this thin thin surfaces Okay Overhangs so for example if you are 3d printing something and Let's say this one You wouldn't be able to 3d print some of the for example this this Inside there is nothing that would hold up this the ceiling of that helmet So then you wouldn't be able to 3d print it so easily in this case It could be maybe possible at the good resolution because Then the walls would hold it but for example if you if you wanted to create some like horns for example coming off here and Or something like that and then you wouldn't be able to 3d print that we just know not physically possible There's nothing to support that so you need to keep that in mind And And the slice himself we can actually generate that support in in many cases so so For some projects you don't need to worry about it for okay, so the the right scale for You need to use the right scale while designing in blender because it's actually it's the first thing that I when I designed something in blender Let me come back That I the object was so tiny and I wouldn't even see that in in repet yeah So the 10 blender units is only 1 centimeter. It's like huge in blender is the whole the whole grid in the default settings Okay, I spoke about the wall thickness wall thickness cannot be if your mother kind of be too thin because You wouldn't be able to print out some of the parts if the wall thickness is thinner than twice the Extrusion hole of your 3d printer models orientation It's important that you orient your models so it's so it kind of can be printed so the Let's say the thickest parts at the bottom. So for example elements, you would print upside down and Actually the origin in blender is not important. Where is the origin of the object? It's just important that the object stands on the On the grid And it's flat on the grid if it's just off the grid just a tiny bit the tiny teeny tiny bit This two will be enough. Your printer will start depositing here in the air So basically it won't stick and it would just It's not Not very good. You want you might be able to notice that the distance can be too small to actually be seen and some of these things some of the These the things can it can be checked using A 3d print toolkit add-on which actually checks for these These properties of your model whether they are met or not So we to apologizing you have a very dense mesh You have to use some of the blender decimate and remesh or trees to cut some of the functions If the dance the mesh is very dense It's very Possible that it would the long the slice you can take ages with a way too long or might even crash and 3d scans are not not manifold. So like they have holes that you have to remember to fix it Which is probably the most tiresome process Okay, so like I said the communities were really great there's hacker spaces and there is even like a social network for 3d printer owners, which Is pretty much everywhere around the world Okay, thank you very much for listening If there are any questions I Can pass it on these are some quick references where you can download any some of the source files for printers Or you can search them on Google. They are very they're widely available. They're open source Okay You can ask me afterwards on the party if I someone wants to speak about 3d printing I am happy to speak about it's really passionate So beyond the party afterwards How toxic are the materials you can print right now how toxic yes cuz How toxic so the main the most popular material I use for example with FDM 3d printers is a PLA so PLA is Cornstarch is made of cornstarch. So it's it's totally natural is biodegradable. You can throw it out and you just degrade I mean over time we just Come back to nature so to say we might have some additives some of the materials they have really bad additives So you cannot for example cannot eat from it But then you would have to console that you have to see what material you buy There's like endless amounts of these materials and then then there's ABS which is like them The other type of plastic so it is a bit more It's it's a it's a proper plastic so to say it's it's not really food safe or anything like that But it's not really toxic per se. It's well you have to Use your 3d printer in a you know opens. I mean a space in which you could I mean we each has like you have window open For example, you mean it's not safe to use it at your at home. For example, you know in a bedroom No, you know, I wouldn't suggest that Because it there are some fumes from the metal plastic especially there. Okay. Okay. Thank you another question How strong is the metal you can print so how hard is it? So that depends there are as many different alloys you can use with the SLS 3d printer I've never actually myself use a 3d print the 3d SLS 3d printer, but that all depends on a material again So you have titanium Is is widely used is very strong and is actually used in the Aerospace industry for the engines because the design cannot be manufactured for first of all plus the material is stronger So that that again that depends on what you use I bet the jewelry that's produced using 3d printing on like shapeways I bet it's not stronger than if you had it melted actual and made it, you know proper way Thank you. Okay And there's a session tomorrow If anyone is wants to go is it's quite far away. It's like 10 15 minutes by bus There will be a session at the local hacker hacker space. There were some guys there and we 3d printing Okay, you can speak about it with me tomorrow or later Okay, that's all them