 Accidents and their effects is the topic which we will discuss today, work accidents, costs and rates. Basically, whenever there is some sort of accident, then you have to pay its cost. Its cost may be in the form of time, its cost may be in the form of financial resources. Here, in the first slide, we will discuss about particular financial resources. Alcochemical company was ordered to pay 3.48 million fine. Why it was ordered to pay 3.48 million fine? Reason was that whenever there will be any sort of injuries in the workplace, then you have to pay a fine. And this was paid to a chemical plant in taxes. And similar situation was also happened in steel making division in the United States of America, where they were fined 3.25 million to settle numerous health and safety violation citations. And whenever we talk about violation, it means that there is going to something wrong. And similar situations was happened in BASF, Corporation, agreed to pay a fine of 1.06 million to settle occupational safety and health association citations. Why they paid this huge amount? Reason was that there were 2 deaths and 17 injuries in that particular place. It was one sort of accident. As a result, they have to pay a fine. This was basically financial fine. And similar situation we have also related to fine is that time cost fine. Time lost because of work injuries, according to the NSC, approximately 35 million are lost in a typical year as a result of accidents. Whenever is there any sort of accidents, then you have to pay a cost. I am earlier told you that it may be in the form of financial loss. It may be in the form of particular health loss. And here we are talking about time lost. This is actual time lost for disabling injuries and does not include additional time lost for medical checkup after injured employees return to their work. It means that whenever there will be any sort of injuries, then definitely the employees are unable to perform their duties. When the employees are unable to perform their duties, it is in the form of time lost. Work deaths by cost for the typical year is given below in the table. If we see number one is the motor vehicle related accidents in the United States of America, this figure is 37.2%. It means that the maximum contributions in the case of death is motor vehicle related accidents. Fals 12.5%, electric current 3.7%, drowning 3.2% and similar this percentage is decreasing with the passage of time. Air transport related 3%, poison 2.7% and if we see that is 1.4%. Other cases which are not in the form of explainable but the miscellaneous one these are 31.6%. If we see the work injuries by type of accident here the most common causes of work accidents injuries are overexertion of body. It may be exhaustion of body, exhaustion of mind. If we are talking about exhaustion of body, it means that we are talking about physical exhaustion. If someone is tired he or she is physical exhaustion. First point is overexertion. Second is impact accidents, falls, bodily reaction in the form of to some chemicals and final is compression. These are the basic types of accidents which occur in the form of work injuries. Work injuries by type of accidents if we explain in an addition way is motor vehicle accidents. The previous in previous slides I have already discussed the percentage of motor vehicle that was the 37.2%. But here the second thing is that exposure to radiation or cosmetic rubbing or abrasion exposure to extreme temperature and the last one is that overexertion which is the most importantly is due to the exergence of body. The result of employees working beyond their physical limit is the leading cause of work injuries. For example, if some criteria or particular if a fast baller ball in more than his capacity what will happen? There may be some sort of muscle injury. This is the reasons of some sort of injuries. If any employee will perform his duty more than his limit then what will happen in the form of work injuries? Death rates by industry When death rates are computed on the basis of number of deaths per one lakh workers in a given year the particular industries which are working in the United States of America according to the death rate highest to lowest level are as under. Number 1. Mining. Sub-6. Zyada. The accidents United States of America is working in the mining sector. Second. Agriculture sector. Third. Construction sector. Four. Transportation. Public utilities. Fifth. One is governmental organizations. Six. One is manufacturing organizations. Seven. Sub-6 type organizations. And the last is trading. This particular figure is from highest level to lowest level rate of death in the United States of America.