 Thank you very much. This is the paper on the police transparency in the public sector, the case of social benefits in Tanzania, which we are doing jointly with Michael Eats, Jema Uzia Elneema is in the Pleasant Christine. And this work was motivated as a result of whom the task mode work in Tanzania and therefore the presentation will be as follows. First I will briefly motivate, then I will talk a bit on what is the social benefit, which is the productive social safety net and how is the legal criteria determined within the productive social safety net for the case of Tanzania. Then my colleague Jema will proceed with telling the problems we face. How do we simulate the PCN case transfer within the task mode and give some sort of recommendations where the government can consider for policy changes. As I said, this work was motivated by the challenges we faced when we were implementing social benefit within the task mode. And our consideration was that we have to be very clear on how we define and measure the legal criteria that is transparent and dictionary. And those are very critical because we want to show that we minimize external exclusions. We want to show that we are very accurate and that the criteria itself is more of a cost-expective and establishing cohesion. And that is very important when we are working in social protections. Why? Because you want to see at the end of the day such that the delivery of social benefits is done in a very good way so that there is no complaints, there is no conflicts. And this has become very important nowadays in most countries in the region simply because most countries including Tanzania are taking social protection as a very, very important to ensure that we attend the so-called inclusive growth and the sustainable growth so that we have big impacts on the public and the inequality. So for that we can see that most countries and mostly even in economic blocks they have put social protection as a key in ensuring that they translate the high economic growth for the majority of the people. So in Tanzania we have that one within the constitution it is also within the National Social Police it is also even within the SADAC the so-called Charter of Fundamental Social Rights in SADACs it is also within even Universal Declaration of Human Rights so we are taking social protection to be very important and in applying social benefits the challenge is how do you come with a legal criteria which is transparent and non-discretional why that's very important because you want to minimize the so-called external exclusions and ensure that it is much more cost effective as that of that one our focus as far as transit is concerned is on the productive social safety needs and I'm going to talk just a bit on how this is coming to be this is a program which was started in the year 2012 it started as a pilot for only three districts but as we speak today it has gone as far as 1.1 million households it has gone around the 5.04 beneficiaries it's across around the 161 project areas and around the almost 10,000 villages so it has upscaled a lot from 2012 to 2016 and as far as World Bank is concerned it tells you that this is one of the second largest social benefits in Africa and they have concluded that it's doing very well even though there have been some issues one of them being the external exclusions they said that it has target almost 96% of those who are target yet there are some issues but the more important the issue to us is more to deal with the criteria this productive social safety net programs has got like six components our focus is only on the two components the first one is the fixed basic cash transfer and the second one is variable conditional cash transfer this is what we are focusing on although there are others which include the public works program standard level program and infrastructure strand but the focus is only on the two components and as I said before our concern is on how we come with a new criteria which is much more transparent and discussionary for the first one fixed basic cash transfer here is where we have if an also has been determined as being poor that particular household is entitled to 10,000 shillings and if that particular household has got the children's it's given 4,000 shillings as a lump sum so if one is qualified for this first transfer which is the basic cash transfer the second state is to look whether it has other condition which will allow that particular household to be entitled to the entitlement of having condition cash transfer so once you qualify for this one do you have pregnant women do you have children and once you have that one now you are entitled for the second one which is the variable condition cash transfer and this one if you have both kids 7 to 17 of age you are entitled to a lump sum of 4,000 shillings if you have kids which are below 6 years 0 to 5 you are entitled to a lump sum of again 4,000 if you have kids who are going to school primary school for each you are entitled for 2,000 shillings so the maximum is 4 so it's close to 8,000 shillings if you have good kids who are in secondary you are entitled for 3 kids for each you are being given 4,000 shillings and if you have good kids who are in advanced secondary school you are entitled only for 2 kids and for this you are given 6,000 shillings so in maximum if the family complies to all conditions it's around 5,000 shillings now once you have these two components of PSN let me very briefly I will skip this one because of the second time give you what it contains for someone to be elected the very simple and the direct way this is how it goes first the TASAF the Tanzania social action family identify the so-called project area authority and community level the project area project project area project authority areas once of that one the first stage is to have the so-called village assembly this village assembly is doing two things one it establish criteria other than the one given by TASAF secondly it identify the so-called community management team the community management team and the local government authority they are the finalist of those who are beneficiary and this one will be based on two criteria one are those household which are poor that they are fully poor and there is the amount given there by the six thousand shillings equivalent to something like twelve thousand twelve dollars per month and once they will find that number the list of those who are poor they will go back to the village assembly to verify and once that one is done that one is the so-called unified registered list and once of that one the team from TASAF which is known as TASAF monitoring unity they apply the so-called PMT prox they apply the so-called PMT to determine whether this particular household qualify or not qualify and those who are below the score are referred as qualified those who above are not qualified once you have this again you go back to the village to verify so there is the sort of very multi-stage process to determine whether a particular household qualify or not qualify and it's because of this one we think that there are some issues here and these are some of the implications one no citizen of Tanzania will be able to ascertain whether they were eligible or not to take part in the social benefits given that the process is too multi-stage with a lot of everything it's quite difficult for people to understand whether they qualify or not qualify so things are not very transparent two, there is potential for confusion and even social disarm and the three structurally reinforces the treatment of beneficiary as a passive recipient and lastly we are saying that technically it's impossible for a household to confidently challenge a decision to actually eat you from the program even though grievance process do formally exist the first point of call for complaints is the village council and there is a complaints hotline and it has given the newspaper which we are back from there are some issues that those who qualify were not included and those who were included were not qualified so there are those issues having motivated and they say what's all about PSNN let me allow my colleague here to proceed with the last part thank you and hello we have encountered these multiple and opaque eligibility criteria in the process of building TESMOD the aesthetic tax benefit micro simulation model for Tanzania which we undertook jointly as UNIWISE SASPRI University of Essex and University of Darsenal it's underpinned by the household budget survey and we uprated the monetary variables for the 2015 time point using the CPI in order to attempt to simulate policies relating tax and benefit policies relating to 2015 and the various policies we simulated are listed here and it's important that this is the first to the PSNN fixed basic cash transfer and also the variable conditional cash transfer ironically it's very straightforward for us to implement the proxy means test because though the formula for the proxy means test is not in the public domain it was kindly shared with us and the model uses as its dependent variable flag of those who are household poor in the below the food poverty line in the very same survey that we were using so we were able to circumnavocate the whole proxy means test process and identify potentially eligible people as those who fell below the food poverty line and we simulated the two elements of the cash transfers separately and then combine them together because in combination are assigned a cap of 38,000 shillings per household per month at that time point and the average household size of these eligible families was 6 and 3 quarters people we going through this process have got four recommendations quickly and firstly is a strong recommendation that it would be advantageous for everybody their eligibility rules were simplified not obviously just for ourselves as micro simmers but for the citizens of Tanzania and also for the government that's administering this policy we would recommend removing the proxy means test which causes a great deal of confusion and indeed the community screening process which are just in the next slide and replacing it with simple categorical targeting and there are local examples of this in the form of the universal pension scheme in Zanzibar that's just been rolled out and the pilot that's happening in mainland Tanzania and the labour district at the moment this particularly attractive given the size of the proxy means test related inclusion exclusion errors have been reported for Tanzania and the recent world bank that is very interesting to read and it would help ensure that the policies clearly understood across all stakeholders and communities regarding the communities themselves and their roles we'd recommend converting their role from gatekeeper to overseer that would enable them to participate in the design of the simplified criteria and continue to monitor local implementation that eliminates the problematic aspects of selecting, scrutinizing and potentially retailing participants in the program of all the problems that that brings with it given that almost all of the households contained children and the two benefits combined together another method of simplicity with multiple positive effects would be the removal of the conditionality whilst retaining the goal of ensuring that children access health and education related services which is the motivation behind the conditionality and many of the challenges the families face relate to supply side challenges which still need to be addressed and so it would shift the emphasis again from scrutinizing the behavior of recipients of cash benefits towards promoting access to education and health and lastly promoting public awareness it would encourage transparency and take up and would be in line with the national social protection framework which recognizes that public information is a key element of community empowerment thank you got selected references enough lags again