 So, all right, if you wonder why I'm a bit loud, no, sorry. I do have to almost scream to get this out because that's pretty darn loud. Well, the process by which we learned that I had to speak at this level of volume, that's operant conditioning. All right, so we're gonna start off with understanding a little bit about operant behavior. It's different than respondent behavior, as you might imagine, and boy, you can really hear the fact that I'm yelling. All right, so operant behavior is really straightforward, folks. It's the voluntary responses that you do. It's your words, it's your actions. It's everything you do that is not a reflex. So that is, the reflex of stuff is the respondent behavior. We're talking about operant. We're talking about the stuff that operates on the environment, the behavior that you do that has an effect on the world around you, all right? So remember, behavior had to do with an interaction between your organism and the environment. That interaction produces change in the world, right? All sorts of ways, right? Maybe it's just the sound waves bouncing around and things, but it produces that change. So that is why it becomes operant. We'll get to more, in an intern, the behavior, the environment intern operates on your behavior, right? It selects our behavior, which gets me into another difference between respondent and operant conditioning. One is selected for, and one is, right? What do I mean by that, right? It's really simple. In respondent conditioning, a stimulus elicits a response. It pulls that reflex out of you. The power is on the stimulus. In operant conditioning, the power is on the consequence, which is also a stimulus, but the power is there. So an organism emits a response in operant conditioning that the environment selects for. It says, we can keep this one, or we can put this one in a trash, right? If I talk to you at a normal level, you wouldn't be able to hear me right now, right? So the environment is saying, your behavior's not gonna function here, which leads me to another point, right? Behavior in an operant world is about function, not about topography. It's not about how a behavior looks, right? It's about how a behavior functions. Can it function well enough in the environment to produce a change, what effect does it have, right? Does that affect something that keeps it going, or does that affect something that reduces it? I don't know, but that effect is what has the power over the behavior. It shakes it, it's, it's, it's, it strengthens it in the reinforcement. It punishes it, it decreases it. They're punishing it, sorry. Let's see, what else do we want to talk about? Oh, probably talk about two really important things. And for this, we're gonna, just bear with me because this is a pretty complex topic. We're gonna do a brief overview in this video, but later we're gonna come back in and go in many, many detail over the paper that I'm referring to. The paper that I'm referring to is the phylogeny and ontology of behavior written by Skinner, okay? Brilliant, brilliant paper. But the point that I want you to understand is this distinction between phylogenic responses and ontogenic responses. So phylogenic responses are the stuff that came about through natural selection through the history, right? So through genetics, okay? So phylogeny is what you're prepared to do through the genetics. Ontogyny is what you've learned throughout your lifetime. The things, the behaviors that you engage in. Specifically, I'm gonna focus only right now on operant responses as far as the ontogenic piece. So, so it's ontogyny, that's the stuff you learn throughout your lifetime. Why do we put it together with natural selection is because it's a different type of selection. It's not the same thing as Darwinian selection, but it's similar. It's on a different level. Behavior functions, and as that behavior continues, it will either, sorry, that behavior has an effect on the environment, it will either continue, it'll increase maybe, or it'll decrease, right? Because the environment is doing the selecting, we call it selection by consequences. So your behavior is modified based on its function in the world, right? And that, in itself, is freaking life changing once you understand that, that's amazing, right? So what Skinner stumbled upon and wrote about was this different level of selection that's different than Darwin's natural selection, and it happens within our lifetime. It's your experiences and the behavior that changes. So, as we talk about operant responding and operant behavior, I want you to realize it's voluntary, I want you to think about emitted, I want you to think about selection by consequence, and that gets us set up for understanding all the details of operant behavior. So, anyway, we'll come back, we'll see you again, and maybe we'll be in a different location. So don't have to yell as much, all right, see ya.