 3D and 4D printing are two emerging technologies that have been used to create complex structures with high precision. These techniques enable the fabrication of dynamic structures, which has led to the development of 4D printing, where structures can change shape or color in response to an external stimulus. 3D and 4D printing have great potential in tissue engineering, particularly in producing patient-specific scaffolds for tissue regeneration. Additionally, physical and chemical guidance cues can be printed with these methods to enhance the extent and rate of targeted tissue regeneration. This article was authored by Dilara Goxitami, Dilara Goxitami, Tuba Durson-Usel and others.