 Unser nächster Rednerin ist Anna Roth, eine politische Aktivistin, die viele von euch wissen. Ich kenne sie als nette Aktivistin und Feministin. Sie organisiert so viele great sites as speaking.org, all the black block 50%, where it is counted how many people are sitting. Sie ist Referent für nette Politik in der Linksfraktion in der deutschen Parlament. Sie spricht über Digital Violence against Women. Applaus für Anna Roth. Digital Violence, was ist das? Ich versuche in den nächsten 30 Minuten zu erklären, was digitales Violence bedeutet. Wir sprechen auch über, wie Frauen sich gegen das defensieren können, wie die Polizei reagiert und warum wir über das Thema reden, was die deutsche Regierung sagt. Und was wir tun können, um diese Städte zu verändern. Wir beginnen mit einem kleinen Problem. Es sollte eine bessere Lösung sein. Wer weiß, wie man aus dem Stand Vollbild-Modus ist? Es sollte möglich sein, oder? Wer weiß das? Wie kann ich das so tun? Ich hoffe, dass das nicht von selbst weitersteht. Ich hoffe, dass das nicht von selbst weitersteht. Das ist Digital Violence. Das ist Digital Violence, die alle Types der Wahlen, die technische Wahlen benutzen, oder Digital Media und Wahlen, die in Digital Space, online Plattformen oder Social Media, sind, in Englisch ist es auch, Online Violence, das ist der Termin, das ich gesehen habe, von der UN, die das in 2006 berichtet hat, die das ICT-Facilitated Violence gegen Frauen. Digital Violence passiert nicht in Englisch. Es gibt eine deutsche Association für Frauen gegen... Eine deutsche Association gegen Frauen, dass Digital Violence nicht separate von Violence in der realen Space, sondern eine Kontinuation oder eine Kombination. Es ist eine Repräsentation der Dynamiken und es könnte auch eine Repräsentation von Violence in Hause sein. Was sprechen wir hier sehr speziell? Ich denke, die bestmögliche Wahlen, das passiert in der öffentlichen Space, z. B. die Insultation der Menschen, auch von Hate Speech und die Manipulation der Imagen, die die Produktion von Profilen, die das persönlich beobachten, das sieht oder sieht so aus, dass es ein sehr spezielles Person ist. Das Embarrassen der Menschen, so-called Cyber-Mobbing, das Doxing, also die Personalinformationen, wie ein Adress, in dem jemand eine Geburtstag arbeitet. In addition, there are also semi-public ways, in the case of younger people, where people excluded from groups. There is a revenge porn, so spreading, non-concentrally spreading pictures or threatening to publish these pictures, sex distortion, which is the threat to publish these pictures or to attain these images. There are other ways such as ID theft or, again, the public threat of violence. Then the role of control over others. There is, for example, the usage of secret cameras, such as using or taking control over someone's phone, the usage of spy apps, which you can use to read the information that is on people's phones. Also, both public and non-public, such as stalking. There was a very interesting talk about this just now. I hope that a lot of you saw it. Otherwise, you can probably see it later. There is also picture-based sexualized violence, for example filming sexual violence and publishing it and publishing those photos and those data on pornographic websites or sending pornographic imagery to women. Was ist es interessant, ob es public oder non-public? In meiner Meinung, es ist interessant. Das ist was, was mich interessiert, in dieser Frage. Wir reden über die öffentlichen Formen der Violence. Das bedeutet nicht, dass es nicht wichtig ist, Cybermobbing zu sein, dass man aufgrund dessen, was man aufgrund dessen, was man aufgrund dessen, was man aufgrund dessen, was man aufgrund dessen, was man aufgrund dessen, was man aufgrund dessen, was man aufgrund dessen, was man aufgrund dessen, was man aufgrund dessen, was man aufgrund dessen, was man aufgrund dessen, was man aufgrund dessen, was man aufgrund dessen, was man aufgrund dessen, was man aufgrund dessen, was man aufgrund dessen, was man aufgrund dessen, was man aufgrund dessen, Auch in vielen Situationen ist die Attempte zu kontrollieren, zu surveieren und zu exercieren, die Influenz über die andere Person ist ein wichtiges Faktor. Ich werde nicht darüber reden. Es ist ein Thema in und of itself. Aber ich denke, eine Sache, die es vielleicht wichtig ist, zu erinnern, dass Spousal-Appus oft mit korporal Violence geht. Also Violence im traditionellen Sinne. Aber es geht wirklich um psychologische Presse und Kontrolle. Das ist natürlich etwas, das man durch Digital-Technologen öffnen kann. Wie oft passiert Digital-Violenz? Was passiert so oft? Und wer ist das mit dieser Effekt? Das ist auch etwas, was wir vorhin gehört haben. Es gibt sehr wenige Studien über dieses Thema, die eigentlich nicht nur über Stalking, sondern auch über Digital-Violenz, both internationally and in Germany. Ein Vergleich zu diesen verschiedenen Studien ist ziemlich schwierig. Denn das ist nicht ein Phänomen, das sehr klar definiert ist. In vielen Städten schauen die Studien sehr verschiedene Dinge, wie Stalking, Mobbing, und oft nur auf die Dinge, die publisch und observabel sind. Ich denke, ein paar Statistiken über dieses Thema, z. B. eine Sache, die in Juni gelöst wurde, von der UN-Special-Apparatur in Violence gegen Frauen, über Digital-Violenz. Hier haben wir den originalen Quote in Englisch, obwohl es ein relativ neues Phänomen ist, und konsequent die Lackung von Daten, es wurde estimiert, dass 23 % der Frauen, die online Abuse oder Errassment experienceden, zumindest einmal in ihrem Leben. Und dass 1 in 10 Frauen online Violenz von 15 Jahren experienceden. Es gab einen anderen MST-International-Report, im November 2017. Sie haben eine Survey, in der sie 500 Frauen zwischen 18 und 55 Jahren in sechs EU-Kountries, in New Zealand und in den US, und sie haben alle diese Frauen über Digital-Violenz gefragt. Die Resultate, über ein Quote, haben die 23 %, die die UN-Reparatur auch genannt, die Digital-Violenz experienced. Out of those 41 % were also felt threatened in their physical security. 24 % feared for the safety of their family. 55 % had panic attacks, 63 % had insomnia, and 76 % changed the way in which they use social media. The German Basic Rights Agency concluded that 1 in 10 of women and girls over 15 years old have experienced some kind of digital violence. The German Association that gives advice to women and works against violence against women also did a similar survey with people who essentially operate these advice places. A lot of these agencies said that the number of people who contacted them about questions related to digital violence rose significantly. In many cases, especially with regards to stalking, the internet and social media are used to do the stalking. The government doesn't know about anything. In November there was the answer to a question of the linker where the government said that the family and civil social matters, for that there is a telephone number who is giving advice to women with problems of violence and there were 0.33 % of the more than 23,000 advices which were actually documented with violence and this doesn't comply with anything that other organizations have countered. So there was another part of this answer which is saying that the police actually has no statistics at all to this subject and to how many forms of digital violence have been reported actually so there isn't an official report so we don't know anything. We don't know how many women have experienced digital violence. This means except for the 0.33 % in the beginning there is nothing known about the problem. Who has a problem with digital violence? We can't really answer this question because we don't really have statistics. Of course men and non-binary persons have problems with digital violence as well. In 2014 there has been a survey about online harassment which said that men were actually victims of digital violence more often than women if it's about the digital form but it is not really to assess if that's a problem but young women are more victims of sexual harassment and things like that. Of course this is also increasing especially for younger people women who are publicly very visible or more affected such as politicians for example who often voice their opinions online. The previously mentioned UNRPTR also mentioned that women who are affected by different kinds of discrimination in an intersectional way are also more affected by these things in digital space such as different variants of hate speech threats, insults. One thing that we know very little about is the number of women who are affected by manipulation stalking through spy apps and for example spousal abuse in a home violence type of frame. We have very little information about that. So for one there is a survey by the German Women's Rights Association and information published by by lawyers who essentially supported these women in suing their stalkers. The cases that we know about here I mentioned some of these that includes doxing, the publication of personally identifiable information address date of birth and then that includes also harassment such as ordering things to your door that may sound harmless but also threats that include a text that says something like just wait for me to come for you stuff like that can also be published or be sent to women. Threat is a very important information that can be published or sent to women. Threat is a very important information Threat of publishing intimate pictures Revenge porn, I've already mentioned that the threat to publish private information to friends and to send it to friends or to colleagues for example from someone who's a former relationship which the woman wanted to end and then stalking and surveilling smart phones so stalking where someone is watching everything that they're doing communication wise in terms of texts, messengers, e-mails so this can lead to e-mails to that they send e-mails to potential future employers because if the stalker knows that this woman is applying to this job then they know that this person was supposed to interview there a potential future employer and jeopardize future employment opportunities there were also cases where stuff was sent to the entire social environment that's also something that also happens but not only amongst neo-nazis and extremely right-wing women there are sometimes people install cameras and recording devices at homes there are many different devices which you could use for example there are charging devices where you can which include a SIM card and a microphone and which enable you to while the telephone is being charged to essentially record conversations in that room and send them somewhere right away something that's relatively rare still but increasing in number something that happens in Germany but also elsewhere is this entire area of the internet of things so people manipulating for example lights heating door locks if you're affected by that and you can't explain what's happening if you don't know why the lights are on despite you turning them off there's someone who apparently can open your door why is there music playing that I didn't turn on of course that's something that can be extremely scary and can also lead to psychological problems because you're asking yourself what's happening here is there someone for all of these things there are specific websites dedicated websites chat groups and then specific software that's decidedly exists for surveilling and monitoring people's own wives or ex-wives they speak about that pretty openly it's also really easy to find people essentially share apps and techniques for example with regards to how effective they are in terms of surveilling someone's smart phone it's also very clear, repeatedly that once you have control and access to someone's device it's really easy to surveil that woman so for example if a woman changes her phone and her phone number but her ex-husband for example has access to her contract and then based on that contract maybe even finds out where she moved so for example if someone knows if someone can access your location data or can access your blogs your blog because they have the login information can also find out a lot about where they are without the woman even knowing what she needs to protect herself against then of course also in relationships it often happens that you share passwords or cloud data not everyone may know this but in the moment where you're trying to separate from someone there's still the ability for that person to access all of this personal information on social media but also in other cases there are apps for example such as your online banking your health insurance in many cases people who are affected don't even know which means of access their former partners have and how they can get this access back and control it themselves most of that of course is illegal but is it cybercrime I asked the german criminal agency when they published a new report about cybercrime and this police agency doesn't think that online harassment and stalking are crimes so german policemen and policewomen think that it's just kind of like an annoying thing on this side until today what was obvious it was also obvious when we asked the government about information for this so we asked the german government whether they think that digital violence against women should be considered cybercrime and in this case the government said that since digital violence is not a crime that's directed against the network and the network of the internet cybercrime I think this is quite interesting but this is the most narrow definition of cybercrime that I've seen in a very long time Europol so the European police agency is very different in 2016-17 the last annual report they have a list of things that they consider part of cybercrime and you can see that's much more extensive and in the case of the European cybercrime center which is part of Europol they actually say that child pornography is one of their central topics that they work on in terms of cybercrime so not just IT security like the German government might be implying which I think is also very similar in its form to digital violence like the type that I talk about but you can also see that sexualized violence is only part of the interests of the police once it also serves other interests such as expanding surveillance and monitoring abilities whereas in the case of women who are being affected there is no money or further power to begin from there however the German government actually signed the Istanbul Convention this year which is a convention against violence against women and actually in this convention they committed themselves to combating all forms of violence against women and creating and supporting studies about these phenomena but when we asked them about this in Parliament they very clearly said that they have no intention of conducting any studies of this direction and then they just kind of refer to the fact that there are studies about something like this maybe in the area of far right extremism and of course there are gender aspects there as well and so somehow that's included in there so there's no need to do specific and dedicated studies on this issue just one more thing about what police and the court system do when people of course this is a broad broad field there is no actual crime in law and there is an an an and that's a problem because you can't really go to the police with internet problems usually there isn't much competence there and not much understanding that's the same with sexual harassment there are agencies for example in Berlin they are quite competent but you can't say in general they are competent if it's not competent there if it's about stalking or digital violence that's a real problem the German government does not seem ready to change that I do not want to read the statement but it was asked if there was plans to broaden the competences to digital means and to reform laws in that way but there is no plans for that many crimes are not good not provable because if it's about mail mobile apps for the police that's a big problem and it means often they do not investigate even so only if the person who is affected specifically asked the attorney general to investigate a particular case only then can they actually investigate so they are not going to be able to do it by themselves Ulrike Lemke published an essay on the issue and she concluded that the type of cases that this is about these cases often include many different aspects and the people who are affected experience a number of things such as access to email control of their smartphones or maybe other stories such as insults harassment, threats in social media but then all of these things are considered separate crimes that by themselves if brought to the attention of the police at all are usually not pursued any further as part of an investigation many important aspects are actually ignored or completely missed such as the extent of control that these people have over the victims and that's something that the means you have in Germany and legally just aren't appropriate for this is something I don't know whether anyone has seen this before that's something that's actually quite interesting because it's the German government's strategy about how they want to create and organize digitalization in Germany and they have this strategy includes different projects for the different ministries and actually the ministry of families actually mentions that one thing this association for women does they present that as one of these main projects which they have that does something against violence against women but actually this project is not terribly well funded despite being presented in such a glorious manner there they have this website active against digital violence which I would highly recommend but obviously they need to work with their very limited resources need to do a lot this is the main association that essentially unites help desks and help lines in the entire country and is responsible for training these people and needs to essentially tell people what they need to teach women how they can defend themselves and also with technology knows that these things develop incredibly quickly so something that you know today for sure how you can protect yourself against something might look very different in two years so in addition to that they provide information for victims of digital violence and another thing that they do is that they essentially lobby the government to try to create some kind of interest within the government for this topic in the first place I think they are absolutely amazing and well I already mentioned that and well what are we missing well basically everything with regards to this topic so as I mentioned there are way too few studies about the types and the extent of digital violence there is a lack of training for the police's general attorneys and judges we lack laws being changed accordingly there is a massive lack of money for exactly these help lines and again further training and providing information and obviously also one thing that is missing is contact to forensic scientists just so someone just so once a woman comes to the police and says well they have this device there's something weird there how can we find out whether this device is being controlled by someone else so you just need to contact to people who can actually tell you these things I've also spoken to this association and they specifically said that if you go if you're going to this congress you should ask them other people who would be interested in and could imagine themselves helping us with these questions and if you're interested in helping with stuff like that you can get in touch with me so in addition to that there's also a workshop later how can you help people who are affected that is happening between 7pm and 8pm in S15 bei Lena Simon and specifically for people who already know things about IT security and are interested in helping women who are affected by these things that's it, thank you so much great Anna so we actually have a lot of time for questions there are mics in the hall there are some over here and some over there please just tell me also in the back of their question from online so questions from the net we need some audio thank you thank you the question is the speaker set the single cases are all treated differently in single point so from my own experience I know that there are a certain there are certain kinds of offenses that are being collected such as stalking so does it does it depend on the agency you go to and how it's going to be treated so we collect the question or what do you want to answer I can answer this specifically well I'm neither a lawyer nor a policewoman so I can only tell you what other people have told me and that's pretty much across the board that it's very difficult to essentially investigate this and also that it's very difficult for us that actually exist to actually be used because in some cases you might just encounter a general attorney or a police that just don't grasp the problem as it exists even if it were possible to theoretically another question in the back I've been watching violence for a long time and I noticed nobody's working in a judicial sense so my question is concerning other measures about violence against especially women mostly done by men most of the time it has something to do with socialization so I don't think it's about the men or that men in general are evil so my question is was are alternatives to all the judicial measures you can take that are necessary and that are possible because I don't think they're going to solve the problem well that's a very good question it's very difficult to answer and also I obviously can't be the one person to answer this because there's this question why the people who commit these crimes men in so many cases why women affected so often that's a pretty broad spectrum of questions the first part of your question I'd actually rather delegate that to the person who gave the talk here before me because she knows much more about these questions and about questions for specific measures and specific things you can do beyond what you can do in terms of police and legal work there's a lot that is very necessary we need much broader discussion to create an awareness problem who this is a problem for how this problem is created we know very little about this like I mentioned similarly to spousal abuse traditionally something that was considered completely normal for years, decades centuries until there were changes that finally led to these things being criminalized society essentially deciding if someone isn't okay even if it's your own wife and well the fact that it was okay to rape someone within a relationship that's also something that took a very long time and I think we need a similar societal change in this regard another very difficult thing here is that people who use technology in its many different manifestations understand a lot about it that's a very big problem specifically here in the case of digital violence but also again that's a topic for this entire event because it's also the case for many other people there are people who know that something ah it works it looks nice, it's a lot of fun like alexa home I don't know how many discussions you have with other people about how great alexa is and how useful it is and people use this to understand the potential dangers that go along with this for example in this case if there's one person who has control over alexa even if that person is not even at home can control alexa remotely so TLDR we really need to know more about how we can control our own devices by ourselves and for that we basically need to start in kindergarten by teaching kids and then also grownups to create an awareness for the need to understand what we're working with and how we can actually influence and control these things ourselves I also noticed it's important for me so that people are learning how to treat confidence in different manners because if we work the conflicts differently and the men or whoever aren't going back to stalking or taking control over the devices but if we work together to work out the conflict we don't have to do this anymore I heard the word stuff I think the safety agencies are only referring to it as stuff the whole violence against women because it's against women and not just because they don't get it even outside of the internet we have a massive problem of of treating of playing down violence against women with safety agencies women's shelters are under financed and my view is that the protest movements have to be united against women's about infrastructure questions that we should be taking the internet more seriously and it's not only about small companies who want to have it on the countryside but it's also a very important social factor and we also need to talk about the room that the internet has taken over for most people in the room for the last 20 or 30 years so the question now is what do we have to do politically so the government parties are only protesting about abortion laws but also about violence against women how do we make a digital feminist movement if I had the recipe for solving this problem then I'd be on the streets well I try to kind of sketch this out I think we need all of these things at the same time and it's really about a process that requires creating awareness we need to basically teach people a lot but of course there's also a starting point which is numbers and evidence and the fact that we have no empirics in this regard whatsoever and nobody really knows if you don't have these things then of course you're going to be booed of every single stage if you have any demands in this direction and I think that's one very central and important starting point and I think another thing is a lot of tenacity we have another question from the internet before it's your turn probably a quite practical question how do we treat the fact that online violence is often connected to a lack of medical know how of the people who get victims of it good point about victim blaming of course it's relevant I hope that I'm not going to be accused of victim blaming if I say that we all need to learn how to better control our own devices that doesn't mean that it's your own fault if someone attacks you in any particular ways or takes over your devices or threatens you insults you and harasses you in any way online or breaks into your accounts we need a discussion here which we also need about this entire issue of hacker ethics so what is okay and what isn't okay and this discussion is necessary here just as it is in general but of course the fault is with the people who commit these crimes and not with the victims and in front here thanks for the great presentation I have a question there was much talk about the government and police work and police work is often a thing of the Bundesländer and are there Bundesländer or regions of Germany where it's easier where there is done really good work how is it in Berlin, Thuringia I don't know, is there capacities I know very little about this I heard recently interestingly that Mannheim seems to be a general seems to have an AG in der EU Mannheim is a city further south in Germany and it would be very interesting to also enable attorneys who represent victims to contact specific and dedicated AGs one interesting thing about this is also that these are not things that are bound to a particular place so you don't actually have to go to the police in Berlin if something happens to you there so you might actually be able to contact that AG in Mannheim as well and regarding federal states I know very little about it and it would be interesting to get an overview there again that's a question of resources because the people who usually deal with questions of spousal abuse that's also something that was already mentioned these people already have so much to do and are constantly being given fewer and fewer resources and if they have to use these resources to also at this topic suddenly add that to their plate and also document these things and provide evidence and lobby for that and beyond these people who already work on that there are very few people who are working on this issue but I think it would be very important to have more people who work on this and provide information on whether there are other instances in agencies in the country that already deal with these questions and also I don't want to avoid the political question in cases where my own party Die Linke is in government coalition I also don't know about this but again this is something that should definitely be supported Last question please I have to defend the police at this place this is really a thing of how you are going to however in every region of Germany there is now central agencies where you can go to but there was a call that they aren't responsible and he says they actually are the government may say different but there is this cybercrime telephone numbers and while everything seems really dark if there are problems you can call it you can search for the numbers and there will be someone who knows really specific about it then I would like to ask you to really think about what makes sense to ask for insofern selbst so in Berlin even if you report a bike being stolen the police is not going to do a lot and if something small is being stolen generally police won't do a lot anymore so I think general question is also how much is generally done about these questions well of course luckily this isn't an either or question and we can luckily demand both of these things with regards to this cyber department I mostly focused on stuff that lawyers told me they all said that it's very difficult to work with AGs and parts of the police that actually know about these things and can work on them it's good to know that if they exist people who know about both cyber stuff and spousal abuse and who feel responsible for both of these issues I think that would really be a jackpot which is something that is especially difficult I think another thing that's interesting to mention something that I also asked about is whether the German ministry for information security is responsible for this when we asked the government about this I said oh no of course they are completely not responsible for this but the BSI of this particular agency actually has its own portal where they provide information about stuff related to IT security just a half sentence and they also actually have their own citizen portal specifically about situations like this but so far I just don't know about anything more specific thank you so much for this very enlightening talk