 Dear students, in this module, we are going to talk about the Sustainable Development Goals and Pakistan. So how these Sustainable Development Goals are applicable and adopted by Pakistan. It means that these goals are certain producing certain standards to measure the social development in Pakistan. So these Sustainable Development Goals include no poverty, zero hunger, good health and well-being, quality education and clean drinking water and a provision of sanitation. So these Sustainable Development Goals are set in order to improve or to make the situation of Pakistanis for better living. Number one goal is the no poverty. So let's see that whether we have been able to reach to that goal or not. As we have discussed that 24% of the population is living below the national poverty line, whereas the 3.9% of population is merely living on $1.9 a day and 2.2% of the employed male population is earning below than $1.9 a day, whereas the 2.7% of female population earns below than $2 a day. So in these terms, by looking at these statistics, we are quite far from that goal of no poverty. And then we have the second goal, which is zero hunger. So there is the prevalence of malnourishment and malnutrition among 20% of the population of Pakistan, which is the significant chunk of Pakistani population. In other words, every fifth of the citizens of Pakistan is facing malnourishment. So 37.6% of children of age 5 are stunted. They are also having the problems significantly principally because of malnourishment. They are not well physically growth, they are not well developed, or maybe some of their abilities are stunted because of the malnourishment. And then 7.1% of children of below 5 years of age are wasted each year. They die because of lack of adequate health and medical facilities, as well as lack of food resources. So 2.5% of children under 5 years of age are also considered to be overweight. So you see that zero hunger goal has also not been achieved. And we are quite far from achieving that goal as well. And goal 3 was the good health and well-being. So we see that the maternal mortality rate is 140 per thousand live births in Pakistan. And neonatal mortality rate is 42 children per thousand live births in Pakistan. So in other words that 42 children out of 1000 children born are dying in the early age and 265 per 100,000 people in Pakistan are suffering from tuberculosis which is pretty much a curable disease nowadays. 24.7% of the mortality rate is attributed to cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes and other chronic respiratory diseases. And then goal 4 is to have the quality education available for Pakistanis. However we see that 87.3% of female population participate in the organized learning for year 1 before the official age of entering into the school. Whereas the 100% of male population participate in organized learning of year 1 before the official primary age of entering into the school. And we see that the 78% of primary teachers have received at least the minimum organized teacher training whereas 58% of the lower secondary teachers have received at least the minimum organized training or the teacher training. So for the goal 4 we are quite progressing as we see that our literacy rate is increasing. And goal 5 we had the clean water and sanitation facilities that needed to be available whereas we see that the 44% of the total population of Pakistan does not have access to clean or portable drinking water in Pakistan and 80% of the rural population lack access to clean drinking water. So this goal is far from being achieved and we have a lot more to do to achieve the goal of clean drinking water and sanitation because 53,000 Pakistani children of under 5 years of age die annually because of diarrhea which is due to the poor water and sanitation. So it is estimated that the 70% of the households in Pakistan still drink bacterially contaminated water. So this is a very fearful cause of concern that need to be addressed. In other words, goal 5 is far from being achieved.