 Dear students, we are talking about the divisional type of organizational structure within the multinational context and in that we are discussing various organizational structures. We discussed matrix and now in this topic we are going to talk about the mixed structure. Mixed structure combines the aspects of a matrix structure as well as a divisional structure. Organizations that have pursued one type of divisional structure for either they have a geographical area divisional structure or a product divisional structure go for the other type of organizational structure at various places. So organizations that pursued area structures kept their geographical profit centers but added worldwide product managers. This is a little bit complex to understand but don't get worried. It's pretty much simple. In this case, if an organization exists as an area divisional structure, for example, Nesle-Pakistan, Nesle-India, Nesle-Saudi Arabia, Nesle-UK, but they feel that in one area they have an opportunity or a competitive advantage, and for example, you are getting a good raw material from a product, in that situation you try to create a product division in that particular area as well. So although overall, your organization is divided according to geographical areas, but in one particular area what you do is that you assign a product manager, for example, Fruita vitals and you feel that to launch the product of Fruita vitals, to do marketing, to do R&D, you have a specific focus required that you can't manage under Nesle-Pakistan, so you assign a separate division to the product of Fruita vitals. So although your organization overall is divided on the area structure, what you do is that you assign product managers to a particular product in one domain. Similarly, on the other side, if your organization is divided on the product division structure, but in one particular area, you feel that this area needs to be focused accordingly, you assign some area managers in that one particular area, so that is a mixed organizational structure. Real-life examples of mixed organizational structure are, for example, in Colgate-Palm Olive, they had a basic area structure, so worldwide area structures, obviously Colgate products and they are similar products, they are organized on a basis of area structure, but when they launched Colgate dental cream, that one product had the opportunity and that had the potential to hit a new niche market and to counter that, to counter that challenge, they established a product division structure of Colgate dental cream in their structure. Similarly, so this is area structure adding product structure in their main frame type of structure. Then on the other hand, Motorola, which is an American company which makes smartphones and these communicating devices, they have a basic product structure type of a structure in which they look after different various products of their company, it's not based on area, but when they are selling in Japan, for example, in Japan, because competition is very high and there they felt that tapping the culture of Japan is a particularly difficult job for them, so for Japan, in the rest of the world, they had a product-based area structure, but in Japan, they did that, they had area managers who were looking after the Japanese division of Motorola, they were assigned to manage Japan, so that was mixing a product area structure with a geographical area structure.