 We will go through a panel discussion regarding research libraries in the 2020 Information Landscape. Why did we decide to propose such a panel? Because, as you heard, Europe is making a very huge effort trying to implement something like 80 billion euros research and innovation program until 2014 to 2020. So, we thought that it would be a good opportunity to see how research libraries will evaluate from now to 2020 in a rapidly transforming information context. To tackle that big issue, we gathered five panelists. First one is Mrs. Rachel Frick from Council on Library and Information Resources. She is the director of a digital library federation program. That's it. We also have on the other side of the table, Dr. Cliff Lynch, who is director from CNI, Coalition for Network Information, structure sponsored by ARL and EDUCOS. Next to him, we have Professor Wolf Goranson, who is the chairman of CERL. He has been formerly director of the Uppsala University Library and member of the Liverpool. So, you know him very well, I guess. Next to him, Mr. Bedger, president of EBLIDA. I guess you all know EBLIDA, which is an umbrella for association and institution in Europe. And next to him, our last panelist, Dr. Heliott Shaw, who is director of ARL, Association of Research Library, US and Canada. So, to try to make it vivid, I asked them not to give any PowerPoints, of course, but we decided together to go through five minutes' visions on five specific topics we discussed together and then start a panel discussion among the speakers. So, we will talk about strategy, we'll talk about collections, about people, about lobbying and about networking. And everyone has kindly accepted to comment on one of these topics in a very short time. So, the first speaker would be Heliott Shaw, and he will say a little words about implementing the ARL system of action for the future from the US libraries. Thank you, Julien. So, I have five minutes, I want to talk about five things, one minute on each one. The first one is the framework that we had for making change. We worked with two people who you might know, John Sealy Brown and Ann Pendleton Julien. And John told us the challenges we faced are fundamental and substantial. We've moved from an era of equilibrium to a new normal, an era of constant disequilibrium. And our ways of working and creating value and ways of innovating have to be reframed. So, what we did is that we tried, we didn't go for Horizon 2020, we went for Horizon 2033. We were trying to imagine a world that we would create, not a world that we would change from what it is now to what it will become tomorrow. In other words, we were trying to make the argument that we create our own future, that the future isn't thrust on us, it isn't a series of decisions we have to make based on the reality that we're living in now, although we did not discount the reality where we're living in. So we looked at every strategic plan of every 125 member libraries of ARL and all of the university strategic plans. One of the problems we think we see in the library world is a naval gazing. We look internally, we don't look externally, we think we can find all of the answers ourselves. So we were making an argument that that's not possible. And I see how beautifully Lieber has done that with working with the AU, working with governments, working with universities. We were trying to do something similar at ARL. And what we decided then was that ARL would move away from its traditional roles in the sense that it would start to facilitate scaffold, structure or support new developments. It might work towards shaping, designing and influencing and even building new coalitions or new infrastructure, which might, and it might manage, run or spin them off. So we think that ARL's new roles will be that it will inspire, broker, mediate, that it will facilitate, shape and build and potentially manage new collective programs. So what we're looking to do, of course, is to do that with a number of partners including, hopefully, with Lieber. So we developed a strategy that had us meet with more than 400 people around the U.S. and Canada in 10 regional meetings. We then took all of the ideas to a group, what we call design studios. Our main consultant is an architect and designer. And I would recommend her to you. She has the kind of capacious brain that can put together an enormous amount of information start to structure it. And so what we came up with provisionally, and everything we are doing, we are imagining is provisional, is what's called a system of action. And a system of action, the notion here is that everything we would do would affect the ecosystem that we live in and that they are all interconnected. So I'm going to mention six things quickly and then focus on two of them and I think I'll be done with my five minutes. The six are coordinated management of collective collections, scholarly publishing at scale, something called the ARL Academy, building a boundless symposium, a first suite of smart libraries and an innovation lab and venture capital fund. And the two things that we are already starting to work on are the ARL Academy and the information and the innovation lab. We also find that these notions are actually interconnected. The notion behind the ARL Academy, and I think my colleague Rachel Frick will talk a little bit more about this later, we are not sure we have the right folks for the right positions and we're not sure when we have the right folks for the right positions that they are in a position to succeed. So the ARL Academy is an attempt to bring together leadership programs, management programs, and notions of pop-up centers for research that might last for a few years and then go away and that ARL would play the role of pulling those together. The innovation lab is deeply connected to that and the idea is here that ARL might look like a skunkworks or might look like a place that puts together three or four partners to try to figure out what is the best way, what are the best visualization strategies and visualization labs, who does that well, and how we can do this together. And then let me just finish with saying the problems we think we see cannot any longer be solved by any of us individually, no matter how well our libraries are managed and no matter how much money you have. And libraries are banding together by themselves is not a sufficient strategy. Without partners within the universities, not to mention other educational associations, governmental and commercial entities, we won't succeed. So our associations need to play an active and vigorous role in partnering. Thanks a lot. I would like the panelists maybe to comment on that and especially with maybe a first question to launch discussion. It would be, do you think, because I had a deeper look at what you are doing in ARL and it's quite impressive to see another discussion you have and the building of such a strategic plan and so on. So do you think, do you all, do all the chairman and leaders of association think that in every association to prepare the future, we should discuss that as deeply as ARL did and maybe after that, formalize something to have clear directions and many priorities in what we will do for tomorrow? I think that I'm really struck by how much convergence there is at least among our colleagues in the United States about their assessment of the situation today. I think it's quite striking and we've been having conversations among diverse groups that include the top leadership, the presidents and chancellors of major universities, the leadership in the library community and the leadership in the information technology and networking community that all seem to be coming to the conclusion we need a very different level of collaboration and coordination going forward. I think that's very much reflected in what Elliot was describing. Do you want to comment more on that? Okay, so maybe you can move to topic number two because I think that something will be crossed from one topic to another. The second topic we would like to comment during the panel discussion, it's about collections because we work in libraries and libraries are also that collections even in a digital time. So I would like to give a few speech regarding that topic in Horizon 2020. Thank you. And I would like to say a few words on new research possibilities in special collections. And this is of course on behalf of Söld, the consortium of European research libraries who is focusing on the old material and the unique material in our collections. And the two objects that I would like to stress on are not new at all but they can be used in new forms and that is digitization and cataloging. Sounds very old fashioned at least cataloging but I'll come back to that. And what digitization can do we all know but it's not only to show objects to the world at large that you don't have to travel to one library from one library to another to see an object that you are interested in for your research. But only images are not enough and we know that the text operating and the OCRing is going on but at I think a rather slow pace because to OCR an old print, an incunable or 16th century print is not easy for the machines available. And the development there has to be much more rapid than it is today in order for it to recognize already the Latin alphabets used by old printers not to speak about Arabic and other alphabets all over the world which are even more complicated. The search possibilities with an OCR text is of course immense and huge and you can find new information there, I don't have to stress that even more but there are combinations to make if you have numerous data files with texts and these possibilities already of recognition of what the text is about is a new field for research in old material. And then we come to manuscripts of course. There have been many efforts around the world and even in Sweden to OCR manuscripts but I have never heard of anyone that has been successful so far and that is very sad because of the many fragments that you have in the libraries some of them are not possible to understand what they are about because they are too small or too unknown they are perhaps a discovery of a lost text from the ancient times but you don't know what it is. And if you have this in a much broader sense then in a broader and more detailed and more correctly OCRed way that will be an enormous advance for research in this material. But of course OCRing can't replace cataloging if you have experts in your library so know what it is they are looking at and the new forms of cataloging with new parts bring us to for example provenance research and reshaping dispersed collections if you have that possibility to really combine the modern forms of cataloging of these details and some parts of extreme interest are of course marginal comments in old prints especially if you know who made the comments even if you don't know that they can give much more information to the researchers There are needs of course for platforms for this because you cannot just sit in your own institution and digitize material and put it out there and hope that people will find them that is almost like just having them at home and this is also a challenge to index the material and have it spread out and perhaps one should hope for Google to do a bit of work here because we all know that most of our researchers be they in science or in humanities they sadly enough perhaps for a librarian they started Google anyway however much like to teach them so I think it's important for us to know that knowledge can be spread in many different ways and through many different channels but you have to start with qualified and quality and efficient digitization and cataloging Does anyone want to comment on that? Maybe I have a question connected to special connection because when we talk about special collections we often have to talk about the combined activity of research libraries with whole collections and national libraries so as an horizon of 2020 or 2030 what should be the evolution of the rule of specialized libraries and national libraries in such a context as you described? I do not think that the national libraries have a very specific role in this it can be so in many countries but in other countries they have like in Scandinavia a role of combining and also try to network within the country but I think in the European time that we live in and with our organizations here I think that the national boundaries are of very little interest actually for the research in this historic aspects of research in old material because you can find in the northernmost parts of Europe the material that was originally made and produced in southern Europe or in China or even in the Americas so I can't see a difference between the research libraries the university libraries and the institute libraries and the national libraries here but to have a cooperation and networking is of course of extreme importance if I might just add one footnote to that one of the most exciting developments that I'm seeing is we started by digitizing special collections very much on an institutional basis they had the physical materials, they digitized them they made them part of the local digital library or digital collections offerings now we're seeing a new phase where collections are being structured that are logically organized moving away from the kind of historical accidents of where the physical material was stored into knowledge structures that are I think much more responsive to what the scholars really want to do with the massive material that is spread all across our archives and libraries and I think that's a very significant development and we'll see a lot more building on that theme Yeah, I think a really good example of that is the Ramon de la Rose project coming out of Johns Hopkins in partnership with the BNF I mean it's a large manuscript collection it's a place where manuscripts that were spread all over the world are now available to anyone and then what's amazing about that or the next generation that project, that program is engaging scholars and data curators around medieval manuscripts and medieval scholarship but also on a technical level they're developing the new type of viewer and type of annotation technology that can sit on top of platforms that scholars can go in and use the same viewer to look at different types of manuscripts that have been digitized using different types of standards on different types of platforms but the viewer remains sustained and that's another international project that's coming out of Stanford Also if I may add that the cooperation between the libraries and the scholars who use their material is much more profound now and the results of their scholarship can be immediately attached to the material in the digital era Thanks, let's move to item number three because the future of libraries is of course about people so I would like Russell Freik to stress on staffing and training issues for the future Great, I think just some of the comments I'm going to keep my comments brief so we can have more time for discussion Really, I'll echo what Elliot had to say and the previous speaker said I think it's this whole idea of reimagining what our libraries are and who works in our libraries and what do we mean when we call ourselves librarians is it somebody that has gone through a specific program or is it more of a professional class that we have subscribed to the same values and when we're thinking about our libraries as these creative spaces for building new knowledge that requires maybe skills that aren't happening right now or creating those types of professionals that are coming through our library schools at the moment there has been significant investment made in our library schools around things around data management and data curation but we really do not have the supply of that level of professional development to meet the demand that we're seeing in our research libraries so what do we do in the meantime because the demand is there right so how do we retrain and skill our existing staff but where do we go to find folks to help us manage this current challenge around data management and the organization I work for has been developing a program using postdocs and we have a postdoctoral fellowship program specifically targeted at data management and data curation where we engage recently minted PhDs and we work with the education program and we work with our members to develop opportunities for that researcher to bridge the gap between the discipline in the library and to talk about the research needs within their specific discipline that is one alternate model for helping us with staffing it's not the golden fleece it's not that top of the mountain but it is a creative way and what I'm seeing more of is people taking creative approaches and not going the more traditional routes not always going to those same hiring pools and trying to think differently of the people that they bring into the library there's a lot of exciting things happening and it's just important that we take a moment and try to maybe go to a different resource for that talent to come in it's a well accepted notion that in order for innovation to happen we have to have new ideas and new perspectives if we keep hiring in the same ways if we keep going to the same pools of talent then our thinking won't change that dynamically and what Elliot was saying if we had to imagine rebuilding our world instead of trying to adjust it bringing in those new perspectives are going to be really key I'm hoping that our libraries are a mix of professionals and not just one stripe so a question to the speakers so we are here on the room all library leaders at different levels but we are library leaders so what do you shoot a library leader focus on in the coming years when you will recruit staff for the future in your opinion the main issue or the two main issues you will have in mind when you will be recruiting some staff there are so many issues data is a big issue but I don't want to pick a specific issue I think it's more important to think about what is pressing at your organization but at the same time are you bringing somebody in that is creative that can think differently about libraries but also someone that can contribute to what's happening locally but also can have an impact on what's happening in your broader community and the people that you partner with can contribute to larger projects I think more and more when we think about staffing it's not so much hiring someone to sit in a chair in a certain department but the expectation that that person will contribute to home projects community efforts and global efforts as well and that there needs to be an accepted norm that that person might not be in the office all the time and that they are working at home and even though they might be working on a large scale project that involves a lot of partners that that benefit will eventually come back home so let's move to... you want to say something? I just wanted to add one point for a long time I ran an IT organization and in an IT organization often it's not about degrees it's even not about experience it's about what you can do and it seems to me if we can think about what we need to have done in our institutions and start thinking about that first instead of the more formal qualifications I think that would be the one thing I would look for can you do the job that we are asking you to do? OK, thanks so we can move now to item number 4 so Klaus Peterbocker will talk a little bit about lobbying because lobbying will be very important in the coming years I think Yeah, do you think so? No future without lobbying May I ask you who has been in contact with your newly elected member of the European Parliament? Oh, that's a good rate they will eventually decide about the future of libraries perhaps decide about the future of a new copyright for the digital world so please talk with the politicians because talking about lobbying means talking about politics and talking with politicians I'm not going to make a statement on lobbying in general but I want to give you some personal impressions and experiences especially from a leader side in Brussels and especially with the European Commission and also with the European politicians I think that no one of us here in this room has had a special training on lobbying no educational training on that topic I guess I think that many of us look enviously to those areas who are successful in lobbying despite the bad reputation for instance car industry or tobacco or pharmacy or something like that but I guess that everyone here will agree that it is absolutely necessary to go into the competition with 15,536 registered lobbyists in Brussels on their European level of course not all of them in the field of librarianship but also research and science organizations or my favorite enemy at the moment the publishers public institution against economic power maybe an uneven struggle but if we don't go into it we have lost I think a bleeder and a lever are sitting in the same boat and are quite well rowing in the same direction we had the pleasure to work together in some of the European licensing for European working groups and we also had together the pleasure of leaving the working group for instance text and data mining to express our regret on the lack of concrete results because other interests were stronger especially the European commission so we were not able to sign a common paper and the European commission was certainly not amused but this is not our target my personal view I think libraries and librarians have thought for too long time that they are the good ones and public institutions with the public task so not in danger of any legal development but we have to convince politicians of the necessity for instance for further legislation legislation looking forward to the digital world I would like to give you an example with the lobbying and with the campaign accompanying lobbying as Susan Riley said some minutes before the right to read will read to mine a bleeder says the right to e-read of course the European commission is not amused because they think the market will regulate this difficult legal question but I think and we are convinced that this is not possible one experience from certain talks with politicians what for us is a matter of course it is not for a politician he does not know anything about how licensing on e-books work one of them was really surprised that for instance that's of course especially a public library problem but it's on the same legal background as for academic libraries that we are not able to buy any available e-book because we don't get the license so we have to make politicians also to librarian experts and well that's for the moment I think that shows that for the next five years of the new European parliament and then the newly elected commissioner we have a lot of work to do and we have to do a lot of work together not to confuse that there are so many European library organizations but to talk with one European library voice thanks Eliott do you share the same views as described by Klaus Peter from the other side of the Atlantic Ocean yes but I actually had a question and what I've wondered about over the years is that the way that we lobby and the way that we respond is usually at least in the US by writing letters and sending our voice forward or individual lobbying of individual officers or government officials there seems to be a worldwide interest in the ability to e-read openness that everyone should have access to things is there a different or better way to do this or another way not to abandon the way we do it now but I was wondering about and I know this is a more fraught thing in Europe perhaps and in the US but mobilizing public opinion because it seems to me public opinion is on our side all over the place so is there a way that we could sort of think about other ways to lobby that use other forms of communication other than written letters and face to face kinds of activities yeah you're certainly right because that's one of the problems I think to bridge the gap between let's say the European problem to the librarian in the last branch and their customers and patrons so we tried with this campaign for instance to install signature stations for the petition but you have to make clear your patrons what is your problem and this way from the European level to the patron is very very long but we have to choose different means than justice to write letters and I can assure you that the European commission not the commissioner but the staff of the DG market is not amused by such actions but that's not to our pleasure how could associations of librarians help in that process between European commission and the library and the patients because the library are not directly in contact with the final users those are the libraries who are doing that how can you have a role in between those two levels in associations if I would know the ideal answer for that question I would certainly be a step forward it's really important to find information policies especially in that these times with social media and so on but as I said it's a very long way and if anyone has any advice and to give us the real solution it would be very helpful it's not a depressive answer but we haven't certainly not yet found the right way for it one suggestion that has often been given to me about how my organization can help with advocacy is is there some way that you could develop a six slide PowerPoint that we can have we found that if we can unify the voices and help clarify the message that helps us with the ground roots it's kind of like how can we when we're talking about somebody who said to me the other day you can't simplify copyright enough you only have three minutes to tell somebody so how can we have short animated videos or a quick slide deck that somebody can take with them to a meeting to help communicate what people will lose or what they can gain by a specific issue and I really look to my library organizations to help me communicate that message to my neighbors, my public library and people on the grassroots level because sometimes that strategy vision that larger scale message doesn't resonate with them so finding ways to really bring it to the common person one last thought is and we did this during our strategic thinking and design process actual stories of actual real things that would actually make the point much more quickly than the legal one thanks a lot, so let's move to item number five since we were living in a worldwide village we will talk about network information and Chris Clifford Lynch will give a short vision about that okay, so this actually has some very interesting connections to the conversation we just had I think that you would all agree that the kinds of collections the kinds of materials that research libraries and national libraries are going to need to be responsible for are changing, one of the themes at library over the last couple of years has been the emergence of research data for example and we've seen a lot of taking greater responsibility for the outputs of research be it data or publications in the context of open access that are coming out of the research that happens in our institutions I think that that is now well recognized although I think it's going to turn out to be more complicated in the long term than we yet realize, for example as I look at what's happening with research data it's clear that there's going to need to be a coordinated reappraisal process that crosses institutions national boundaries and disciplinary boundaries for that collection of data but I think that we need to recognize that not only is the presence of the global network and all of the commerce and new kinds of material and behaviors that enables changing what we do in the world of higher education and research but it's changing the evidence that our next generations of scholars are going to need. We used to collect books we would collect sound recordings we would collect moving image material now all of that is moving digital and the traditional commercial frameworks that for example publish books are falling apart the frameworks that produced music that we could acquire are falling apart we can't license music we talked a little bit about e-books and the inability for libraries to collect e-books we should also recognize there's an enormous increase in self publishing that we're going to need to actively reach out for. Other parts of the evidence base are changing too. Look at what happened to news. News is an essential reference for future scholars in many many fields. Look at what's happening in the use of various kinds of big data that are coming out of our social systems. Look at what's happening with social media. Our libraries collectively are going to need to manage that evidence base and make sure it's there for future scholars. Right now we don't have the legal capabilities to do that resting on copyright deposit as it's vested in our national libraries is not going to be enough here. The problem is too big and too complex and we have to start making this case and figuring out I believe collectively how to do this. This is an increasingly hard problem that is going to fundamentally change a lot of what our libraries are doing in the timeframe 2020-2030. I think it's an area of great obligation to the future of scholarship and understanding of culture. I think we need to be very mindful not just what networks are enabling but how it's changing the whole record of society and of culture and art and scholarly work that we're going to need to deal with going forward. Maybe you can open the discussion to the room now if you have some questions or some comments on what has been said during this final discussion just don't forget to present yourself. I think that you all when you're talking about digital collections in the future what we are going to do have a somewhat narrow perspective. You're talking about retro digitizing material still of course that's a big task and that will never be probably not in our generation have all our special collections not even all our book collections throughout the world and especially not our archival collections retro digitized. Then you talk about the raw data and the research data which is a big issue these days of course that's also relevant and it's especially relevant to define the limits between what will be the future tasks of the libraries and what will not be that because judging from the past and the present we cannot take care of all raw data through all subject areas but you also miss a thing especially from many European countries point of view and especially from the point of view of national libraries and I think the United States is an exception there because I've never heard you from the university libraries and ARL in the United States talk about the national applications and the role of the Library of Congress but I refer to an article in the Fesgrift for the former chief executive of the British Library in Brinley that was published last year in Alexandria about what is a big challenge also to especially national libraries I think it's the same in the United States for some university libraries that more or less act as regional or special national libraries and that is to cope with the present production of digitally born materials of all types because there are even more types than there were in the past there are parallels to manuscripts there are parallels to letters there are parallels to private archives what about all the digitally produced photographs and within all areas within the traditional library there are parallels in the present and future of digitally born material that will be lost if we are not dealing with it and I have seen no one in this conference and in these debates dealing with that perspective it has been the perspective of university libraries the perspective of university library services to students and researchers and preserving the future research data research data well from a humanities point of view research data is much more than what you have discussed here so what about that who is going to take care of that in the future who will have the responsibility and how do we deal with that in our IT services and future infrastructures that's big questions you had a lot of questions in there and I am going to try to answer some and look to my fellow panelists to help with the others you asked about the role of the Library of Congress I think sometimes our international colleagues misunderstand that the Library of Congress is the Library of Congress they are not our national library they serve at the benefit of the Library of Congress they work together with the National Archives as well as our national network to help us in a leadership position they help us form the National Digital Stewardship Alliance which is a partnership organization focusing on digital preservation issues and they do provide some leadership in helping us organize which has been doing some great work over the past 15 years in that area and the National Digital Stewardship Alliance has a lot of guidance providing guidance around born digital materials especially personal archiving they helped organize an annual conference around personal archiving, personal photos to help people realize the real ephemeral nature that flimsy nature of digital and how to do that personally if people have personal archives to donate to libraries in the future that we have some things to work with there is a lot of work being done around born digital materials within the United States and internationally you see that around the IPREZ conference the joint conference on digital libraries and I want to say it's TCPL but I think I got that all wrong they're having a joint meeting in September and IDCC the International Data Curation Conference also helps with that I think your question about can libraries preserve all the research data the conversations I've been involved with we acknowledge that that is not possible and that we have to work with I think there was a Elliott you had said about curating across there's going to have to be that archival process of evaluating what data sets do you keep and how do we partner with folks like our data centers like the one I was thinking about is at Oak Ridge National Labs or out in San Diego and look at building an infrastructure that involves data centers our science centers and our libraries because focusing on data and long term data and when we look at data management plans people usually only have data management plans around five years so when is it okay to discard data sets and what do we need to keep I'm just going to leave it there and kind of hand the mic down the line I could make a comment too because if I hear Alan Colleen Nielsen telling us to save everything that has been on a computer that is very strange because in old times when everything was on paper the universities didn't save all the preparatory work for a thesis or for an article and at least in my university at Uppsala we have very few professorial archives from those days but now suddenly when it has been in zeros and ones one has to save it, why? No, but I didn't say that we should either Okay, I'm afraid we must put an end to a meeting because we got an appointment at half past six downtown so if people want to go to the hotel and then be fresh for tonight's heaven we need to stop so I would like you to thank to all the panellists for this round table so may we applaud them? Yeah, thanks and see you in 35 minutes downtown that's the minor guild or something like that I guess, thanks