 Parabens are chemical compounds widely used in cosmetics, food, and pharmaceutical products. They are known to have estrogenic and endocrine effects which can lead to health concerns when consumed or applied topically over long periods of time. Animal studies have suggested links between paraben exposure and various conditions such as skin disorders and autism. However, these findings have yet to be confirmed in humans. Parabens are quickly broken down by the liver and excreted through urination, so there is no need for concern if they are ingested orally. When applied topically, parabens may accumulate in fatty tissues, but this is believed to be due to incomplete metabolisation rather than direct absorption. Studies have shown that parabens are poorly absorbed through the skin, and only a small amount of them are metabolised. This suggests that parabens do not pose a significant risk when applied topically. This article was authored by Aida Hatemi, Kevin Carr, Paul Whiteley, and others.