 I'm Dan Rundy. I hold the Shrier chair here. It's a real honor to have Jan Aguiland with us I'm gonna ask my my friend Henry F for who's a CSIS board member to make the formal introductions and to welcome The deputy secretary general here to CSIS. Henrietta, please come on up If you are Swedish, you are known to have a good sense of humor when you come from Gothenburg Well, Jan Eliasson does and he is going to speak very Conversationally with us today, but I'm going to give him a formal introduction And then we will turn over the floor to him, but you have a real treat in store for all of you Ambassador Eliasson was appointed by the secretary general Ban Ki-moon in March of 2012 and assumed office in July of 2012 Prior to this, he served as a special envoy of the United Nations secretary general to Darfur and President of the United Nations General Assembly before Ambassador Eliasson Sweden's ambassador to the United States the ambassador to the United Nations and a secretary State secretary for foreign affairs Ambassador Eliasson is here today to speak about how we can incorporate governance and rule of law in the post 2015 development agenda as many of you are aware the Millennium Development Goals, which were agreed to in 2000 and this next year Thus the post 2015 development agenda is immediately important Governance and rule of law are two critical lingering challenges in international development We've made great strides in combating maternal child health in reducing HIV AIDS and also increasing food security Yet good governance and a strong rule of law remains elusive to much of the developing world And if we are to see long-term broad-based economic development Then we must work together to combat these challenges and I know Ambassador Eliasson will speak more about partnerships But they are at the heart and at the core of this work At issue before us for the Millennium Development Goals is whether good governance is worthy of a standalone goal in the next round Of the MDGs and it is a point of disagreement Some see this as simply a supply side problem That is a negative to developing countries donors asserting their models of governance and rule of law on to developing Countries in order to safeguard foreign aid and their businesses But others see this as a strong demand side call for good governance Transparency accountability and fairness People across the world are demanding these standards and it is our duty to respond to these calls. I Will add my voice on this side of the debate and let me give you two quick examples As I've walked through the rural communities in Africa and Asia and in the Americas The villagers often have no access to filing property rights or inheritance They have no access to voting booths or educational institutions of their urban citizens They have no access to rule of law and much less accountability and transparency And my second example comes from the world size and large business people So if you are a woman entrepreneur or a mom-and-pop retail store or a large multinational company The polls indicate the corruption is their number one impediment to doing business From extra fees to a customs agent to municipal workers to intellectual property theft and contracts that are neither clear nor enforceable These business people want to earn a living for their family They want to rule of law and accountability of transparency for their communities And if these business people are women or minorities Then their impediments are magnified and some are hidden and some are local custom But to see newly widowed woman and her children Unable to keep title to her family farm is a heartbreaking Site to see and she needs the fairness of rule of law So we are now at the epicenter of this discussion Promoting governance and rule of law at the national and international levels is at the core of the United Nations mission The General Assembly has considered rule of law as an agenda item since 1992 with renewed interest in 6 and has adopted resolutions at its last three sessions Responsibility for the overall coordination of rule of law work rests with the rule of law Coordination and resource group chaired by Ambassador Eliasson and supported by the rule of law unit over the last several years CSIS has prioritized international development and has made governance and rule of law important components of their work But in addition to this Ambassador Eliasson is just back from several fascinating trips and has a much much broader portfolio So though he's been asked to speak on this subject We just agreed that he should tell you about what is on his mind what he has been thinking about I believe he is just back from a trip to the Ukraine, but he also has Afghanistan and Iran on his mind So Ambassador Eliasson if you would treat us to what's on your mind And then if you would turn to the rule of law and the MDG post 2015 goals, we would be delighted Thank you. Thank you so much Thank you very much. And we had to thank you Daniel and thank you all for coming I look over this room and recognize several No, I was a young friends So it was about say old friends, but I feel very much at home Here in Washington. I was ambassador here for five years and I was first secretary for four years So I spent nine years here. I have a daughter here who just turned American citizen She is both Swedish and American so we have a branch of the family now in the United States and When I was ambassador, I very much enjoyed the think tank life at least two lunches out of five in the work week I was the Here at CSIS and I will not mention some of the competing think tanks think tanks You are complimentary of course, but it was really intellectually stimulating and I got to know a lot of Interesting and important people in that in that function You just challenged me and we had to because you asked me to to deliver my planned speech And then you asked me to give it another one about taking off on the Different masochistic pursuits that I've been doing recently and I don't know how to do this This reminds me of a story. I was once Exchange student in the United States. In fact, I graduated from American high school before I graduated in Swedish high school I was an American field service student 17-year-old I turned 18 when I left in a little town called Decatur, Indiana The soybean capital of the world There I graduated after a successful year as a rotary speaker I delivered my standard speech about Sweden, which was provided for me by the Swedish Institute And I could deliver that speech two o'clock in the morning about your Swedish neutrality at the time labor market policies and what I thought about American schools and this Speech turned out to be a success and I was invited to 44 rotary clubs in Indiana I delivered the speech, but here come I come to the title that you have given me Once I was up for a real surprise and from then on I'm never surprised as to what title I will have for the speech because I was invited to the Presbyterian women's clubs of America yearly meeting in Indianapolis 400 ladies Blue hair white hair Glasses that were look at me and I was introduced as though I were already the UN ambassador a 17-year-old young man in cocky pants board shirt and crew cut The lady who then finished this presentation finished by saying now lady friends We in the press for Presbyterian women's club. I was so glad to welcome. Mr. John Eliason he will speak to us about the following subject and This is true How well have we shared our Christian joy? Same speech don't get shaky So from then on You and it's a piece of cake Okay No, but seriously if I were to sort of start in a wider Context I I was president of generous assembly 2005 and 6 and I was very proud of one sentence that we have in the preamble of that document that finalized this meeting for that concluded that meeting It is a sentence that says There is no peace without development And then there is no development without peace and then there is no Peace or development without respect of human rights, and I would add today rule of law So peace and security Development and human rights are one It's not that you do get peace first and then you do development that then you develop your rights. No The agenda has to be working with all three at the same time Because if one of these elements is weak The peace side development side human rights, then the whole structure is weak What I was mediating in Darfur. I saw that on the ground. It's not only a Conceptually correct thing. It's also something that you can translate to the ground We need to work with all these three aspects at the same time There is an interdependence between the three We cannot do them in isolation We cannot expect anyone to be a renaissance person and do all three perfectly But we have to understand in today's world and I think this goes beyond United Nations and even beyond the national government I was four minutes in my own country is that You cannot think and act and work vertically in the silo Because the problems of today are so complex that you need to work and think horizontally and connect With others who can look at the problem that you have at hand from other perspectives The piece of security perspective the development perspective and the human rights and rule of law perspective And this requires as you mentioned partnerships It's not only that I have to mobilize the whole UN system around this It's also reaching out to the Bretton Woods Institution the World Bank region organizations European Union African Union the private sector where there is an enormous potential The civil the civil society of course you and me Nobody can do everything but everybody can do something In the context of this general analysis in my view which I think is correct that you need to Look at the issues from these three sectors Okay with that model in mind what keeps me busy on The first piece of security I have for the last year together with some colleagues who are with me here today I've been out there in the neighborhood of Syria seeing refugees in Lebanon 150,000 when I was there in December 2012 and they are now one million a quarter of The population are now refugees from Syria one million out of around four and of this million refugees have our children That's the scene that I have from from Lebanon. I was in Mali where Terrorists were occupying the north as a country and then the French came in and there was a move the the Mali Uprising was dealt with and now we have a peacekeeping operation that was established and still have huge problems in that country although it Doesn't look that bad. I think it's under control. We have a first in African Union operation that has now turned into UN peacekeeping operation. I was in Afghanistan and At that time last summer were very great nervousness about the elections now the elections took place as you know the other day and They were surprisingly Well, they went pretty well The Afghan security forces performed well and it's almost too good to be true to many But I would hope that we will have a an elected president probably in the second round sometime in May June and then we may Hopefully look forward to continued policy where we don't lose the gains of the last 12 years when I was there I met so many people said make sure that we don't lose what we now have gained and not that was not least the progress for women and In some areas of human rights. I will very much hope that we will have good news coming from from Afghanistan, but let's not fool ourselves The problems with the Taliban is still there and the problem of terrorism is a hugely important one I was also Recently in in Ukraine I came back from Ukraine only two or three three weeks ago My task at that time was to do a little bit of good offices work for the secretary general You know the Security Council has not been able to Come to any conclusions on some major issues because of lack of unity on the direction to go You have the Syria where we don't have a Security Council resolution, which is strong enough We have also of course in the case of Ukraine very very faint hopes to get to a common agreement So in this vacuum There's a bit of diplomatic space for the secretary general myself to act and we did In a I would say modest way What I felt was important for my perspective was to make sure that we have what I would call international eyes and ears on the ground I have learned that from many years in this type of work that you have to have people on the ground I'm also a Navy officer, which you didn't mention. Did you I have a neighbor as a Navy officer you you stay on board until the last Person and you don't desert your crew So I think that we should be on the ground as much as possible in dangerous situations And in the case of Ukraine where you could see the risk of the Crimea Crisis turning into a Ukraine crisis even in terms of territorial integrity It was important to get a service on the ground as soon as possible So you are now has 25 human rights monitors on the ground and Ogres OSCE the organization of security and cooperation Europe has about 200 now in place and maybe that will be 400 and I think that could have a deterring effect on the on the conflict We also tried very hard and I can't say that openly here to Make Moscow come to the conclusion that they should talk to the government in Kiev Whether they like them or not. It's a fact of life that they need to deal with the other side And I think now that we are moving in that direction. There is a this there is a meeting this decided for next week In Geneva or elsewhere with Russia United States and the governments of both the Russian Federation and Ukraine which is a sign of of Direct talks starting. It's at least one of one of the few positive signs of this very very very troublesome and very potentially dangerous situation On Syria, I can say no more than It's just extremely difficult. We try to get the talks going. We started in Geneva Like the Brahimi our main negotiator came to the conclusion that there was no interest to speak about the major issue namely a transition to a governing body with full executive powers the transitional government and This is the main element in the agreement that Kofi Annan concluded in 2012 and if as long as we don't have serious negotiations about a transition I would say the conflict will continue and there are still dreams night dreams and in my view absolutely illusory dreams that there is a military solution I've heard that there is a military solution for the last three years either from one side or the other I Would go as far as to say there is no military solution and even if there were one even if there were one we would have a Dangerous conflict erupting from a possible of military victory because there will be a wave of revenge We will have continued nightmare in that country And I would say also in Syria that the longer you wait to find a solution the more difficult it is if this matter This conflict had been dealt with three years ago completely different situation now. We have huge sacrifices revenge motives sectarian elements that spread the conflict into both Lebanon and Iraq and Just New phenomena that didn't exist two or three years ago the extremist groups from al-Qaeda Didn't play any role at all into two years ago and now they have grown out of this deteriorated situation development You remember my model piece of security now we move to development development we have a great set of Goals that have really helped Surprisingly many nations in their development efforts It was in the year 2000 and I was back in Stockholm then and sent only instructions I wasn't negotiating them, but just overnight there was a The so-called Millennium developed Millennium declaration translated into the Millennium Development goals there was some statisticians and and people who wanted to have the meat of the Declaration translated into goals, so they defied eight goals ranging from extreme poverty to water and sanitation and health and these eight goals were slowly turning into planning instruments for At least I would say 50 60 countries in this world So the these MDGs as they're called have been a planning instrument and very much a Factor in bringing about some positive developments in the world the last 15 years One of them is that the extreme poverty has gone down of course this very much depends on the great progress in Asia And the developments with the growth in not least China and you know and India but There was a growth in many other countries surprisingly high growth figures in Africa Africa grows by five to seven percent per year Mostly people think about Africa as a crisis-ridden conflict, which is correct But there was it's also a lot of vitality and energy. I just came back from Nigeria by the way last week so The the MDGs have been successful in several respects the both best example believe it or not is education Kids are learning to read and write in today's world the development from 1990 to 2008 is the best in history in terms of Getting primary education to children both boys and girls in Africa girls 34 years ago were educated only to 50 percent now the figures are up to 70 80 percent already 18 years of great improvement of Primary education. This is good news Unfortunately, there was a leveling out by 2008 due to the financial problems the world from 2008 and onwards We really got to pick that up So that's good news. The bad news is maternal health sadly enough and The worst development is in the area of sanitation I've taken it upon myself to really get going on this Started in a plan of action for for for sanitation. I'm breaking lots of taboos in the UN I speak about toilets everywhere. I Speak about open defecations. It's it's close. It's saying the chair sir You've got to face up to this problem that 2.5 billion people in the world don't have sanitation facilities toilets And 1.1 billion people practice defecation in 22 countries This is the main reason why 2,000 children under the age of five die every day They die out of diarrhea's dissentery dehydration and I've seen them die in front of me in Several countries. That's why I got engaged in the water issue Water and sanitation is absolutely crucial. It's also important because if you do water and sanitation, right you get immediate effects as you know Henrietta in Extreme poverty in health in education and in Gender equality so by doing water and sanitation you have immediate Multiplication effects in a number of other areas and I can't for my life understand why we don't do more Especially since this is the most lagging of the goals Okay for the road ahead down The road ahead is then defining the the goals the targets whatever the member states will decide to name them in a Negotiation that is just now starting it has been prepared by the Secretary-General myself a few other and others And we are now setting the direction for the period 2015 to 30 And this is extremely important and we need the support of member states We need the import of Imported actors of the world seen like you the United States and people in this country who are committed to To a world that is whole and where we all thrive from development in other parts of the world And the direction we set will be decisive and very important and I think the Negotiation will fall into three categories and now I come back come closer to the subject of today's meeting the the Process will probably go in the direction of first eradicate poverty I think there are those who rightly would like to go for eradicate extreme poverty by 2030 but this is not going to be done by the classical methods of official development assistance even if that should be kept up or By charity which it also should be kept up, but I think when I come back from Nigeria. I'm filled with words like Job creation gender equality as a dynamic factor of growth Industrialization using our natural resources not only for Export exploitation and export but to to develop them further on the on the ground and and to new stages of economic life and I've had a very serious new transformative change needed Where you take advantage of the dynamic forces inside countries? Even on financing they talked about domestic mobilization and not about Charity or loans from abroad or even if we have to connect this But I think it's important that there is a trend in today's world where we really need to to deal with each other more as equals and more as countries that are Wanting to prove the the point that they they want to take another stage in development So poverty education but in a more dynamic transformational fashion would I would say first will be part of this this set of goals The second factor is to some controversial, but to me less controversial I think that we need to understand that we have to build in the elements of sustainability The environmental strains are obvious And if you go around the world and see the droughts and the floods and everything you can hear everybody speaks about Poverty education must be combined with sustainability We may have plan B in life Don't you all have a plan B for something when you are have a plan of something then somebody wants to put you down Say what's your plan B? But I say we may have plan B, but there is certainly no planet B There is no planet B So I suggest we take that into account and I think some of us need to think that perhaps it's a bit of a Existential issue we have to face for the first time in history the third element is But you Dan and Erietta have brought up with me and I am very committed to this and that is the in order to really do poverty eradication and On a sustainable basis. There is a need for institutions there is a new need for Stability and continuity in the efforts that you get by Respecting the elements of the rule of law and the rights perspective that is also important if we don't we we are far too dependent on individual leaders or political and economic conjoncture that Changes if we have the rule of law The stability of institutions the stability of a judicial system that works for instance Then you really have a very important enabler for development whether this will be an enabler in this process or a goal in itself I will not pronounce myself on it's a very sensitive issue as you said to be negotiated by member states But I would claim very strongly that without good and strong institutions. We cannot fight poverty We cannot reach the goals that we are setting for ourselves Here I can do a little departure from my own country Sweden was one of Europe's poorest countries in the 1920s We were among the five poorest countries in Europe in my own family I have poverty my aunt died in tuberculosis not 19 years old the cold she lived in the cold cottage in northern outside Gothenburg and She died in tuberculosis 1941 And I asked my father when I graduated as the first one in my family from even high school, can you imagine I? Asked him how can you explain? Why Sweden turned from one of the poorest countries to one of the richest? One of the most prosperous This was in the late 50s and then he said first of all we invested in good infrastructure after the Depression in the early 30s. We built infrastructure. We built roads railroads We built hospitals. We had sort of the public sector. We built it up and that gave us jobs He was a metal worker himself And the second thing is we introduced a fair and strong educational system Which made it possible people like you pointing at me to get your education training education for free from first grade to University and thirdly we had good as strong as our institutions We trusted our institutions and they were at that time. I hope they're still not corrupt I Don't think you could win an election on those three things today But that's what he said to me in the 50s and that's why I'm so extremely Attached to this issue of hopefully having the member states Accept that rule of law is an important point What an item of also achieving these goals? Some people say you can't measure rule of law. You can't measure the rights perspective Partly right partly correct partly wrong For instance, do you know that probably 500 million people in this world don't exist? They don't have anything that they can prove that they are who they are identical identity cards 250 million children Do not have any proof that they exist and that is of course of it extreme importance for carrying on a life getting to elections Opening up perhaps a I don't know back Whatever you need to exist you need to have a proof that you and that is certainly measurable I just give that as an example So I challenge those of you who want to help out with the this becoming a Strong enabler or even ago that you provide sort of measurable ways of counting this The rights perspective is even more difficult, but there is also lots of good statistics about human rights violations So by this I think I've covered the three The three elements, but I would just like to finish with an initiative that I have been taking on behalf of the Secretary General which I think is important for this third pillar the human rights rule of law I Would more and more like to see human rights violations as an early warning signal for conflicts If you analyze today's conflicts or we can go back 50 years or 40 years or so You will find that you can almost always see that the conflicts particularly in the civil wars Start with human rights violations okay, if you conclude that a human rights violation is the beginning of something that can turn into mass atrocities and In the worst of cases could turn into ethnic cleansing genocide Crimes against humanity and war crimes as it's stated in the right responsibility to protect Then why don't we do something at that stage when it's a human rights violation? So we have taken initiative which we call rights upfront and This means that we now say when we see these violations We use that method in the Central African Republic of South Sudan for instance, and we will use it later on probably with some headaches for us diplomatically But we will then say we go to the Security Council and they have something called horizon scanning or Any other business on the agenda on those items? We will bring up situations that where we see human rights violations that could turn into mass atrocities and where action is needed What kind of action? Well, you can have fact-finding mission you can have quiet diplomacy. I'm in the school of dark Hammershield you could do work under the radar you could talk to neighboring countries you could talk powerful actors about what might come up you may use the the Human rights monitors or other prayer other ways of being present on the ground But in the point is this that we will and promise you that we will Speak out earlier so that we don't have to wait for the disasters We've done that enough, and I'm I can hardly use the word never again because it's the way if you use never again again And again, it's a sign of failure. Isn't it then see it's an illustration of the failure So I would hope that this would also strengthen that third pillar of human rights in the work on United Nations So with these words I will finish although I will always demonstrate my commitment to the organization I always carry the UN Charter in my pockets pocket, and I always say that This sets a lot of principles that can guide us It's much easier to have principles that you can be guided by but when members say sometimes Claim that they are not to the we are intergovernmental organization. This is interference in internal affairs and Perhaps rightly so because we have territorial integrity and sovereignty everything written in here And I'm the first one to to express respect for that, but I still then always Ask do you know what the three first words are in this Charter? The first three words of this Charter is we the peoples We the peoples we are accountable in the end to the people It is what we do on the ground to maintain peace what we do on the ground to bring about development What we do on the ground to respect human rights for all people? That's what our aim is and that's what we should try to work for so Thank you very much for your attention, and I think Daniel will have a conversation with me and you and I thank you for you Hopefully this combination of my original plan speech which is in the hand of my colleague over there now and this Elaboration of my own will will be a start of a good continued discussion. Thank you very much Thank you The I think you have to turn the others the other side I had they I'm still learning the the joys of hot mics and not hot mics and also I'm sorry Ambassador Elias, and I called you Jan Eglund. I turned you into a Norwegian. I know that as a very bad It was a major I thought it was John Humbrough. I know exactly We're very Norwegian centric here at CSIS and so I apologize for that I thought that was just tremendous and I had a joke about this because he succeeded me as the emergency relief coordinator and The joke was that in order to get that job you had to be Jan E So it was okay. Well, I can see now why You have such a great reputation the UN and it's so important to have strong people in the United Nations system So thank you for your public service. I think that everyone in this audience understands that The world is very fortunate to have you in this very important role and in a very tough job I've got several questions for you and then I want to open it up to this very thoughtful audience Let me ask you let me start with something that maybe it sound a little bit basic and elementary For this audience, but I think it's important for you to I think there's a broader audience I think that's going to be watching this on television. I think as well as online I Think you're here in the United States And so I think it's important to at least put this to point out this this elephant in the room for it with them between the United States Relationship with the United Nations I think many Americans are skeptical about the United Nations and there they may not know much about the MDG's and Could you just explain just and I think many of it the comments that you covered in your talk I think speaks to some of this implicitly But could you talk to what what's in it for the United States to get another round of the MDG's and why does this matter? Why should this matter for the United States? Well, I I think I made the point indirectly earlier when I'm saying that development In a way that makes life meaningful and dignified for the great majority of the members of the people on this earth It's not only I think the right thing to do from a moral or ethical perspective But it's also in my view in the enlightened self-interest Because I've seen in so many countries And also internationally that grave difficulty grave grave differences in great inequalities often lead to a very unstable situation and Very dangerous situation which in today's world easily spreads into other countries So I think that we should recognize that this development in a in the direction of of both maintaining peace and and maintaining the direction on development along the lines that I explained is In fact, not something that has to do with sort of international solidarity Even if some would want to use that angle. I think it's simply a way to build a more secure world and I've seen when that Development goes in the direction of less of such tensions inside a country how the country thrives But also how the neighborhood thrives. So I think we have an investment to make in stability And I think this is good for us. It's good for our children. It's good for a grandchild I in some ways I would I'll put my I'll put my words on it and describe it this way that it seems as if the 2000 process to get the millennium development goals almost was done How do I describe this I wouldn't say it was done in a back room because it wasn't necessarily done in a back room But it seems as if one of the reasons it was successful was that a variety of representative stakeholders Sort of went off into a room and came back and said this is what we're going to do and it was done in a fairly quick way and it turned out to be really successful because it turned out to be a really good way to be to create sort of DNA or an operating system or an overarching framework for how we talked about development over the last 15 years It seems as if because it's been successful It strikes me as a very much more complex process this time because I think everybody saw well This was pretty successful the last time so everyone's got their pet rock That's coming and there were eight goals the last time and I don't remember if there were 25 or there were 35 You know we have an ice cream store called Baskin Robbins with 35 flavors There's sort of 35 flavors of goals that yeah that could be out there And so Sorting that out in terms of saying well, okay So many are going to make it into the lifeboat and I know your pet rock is really important And it's it's it is critical and so how you managing that is a political process Can you can you talk a little bit about the the the political process of the of the next? It's basically between now and September 2015. There's an essence of political debate There was been the the high-level panel report that came out I guess almost almost a year ago. We had John Podesta here about two months ago To talk about that. He's very committed to the MDG's in his new job at the White House and We were very pleased that he could join us and so there was the high-level panel report There's then there was the response by the Secretary General, which I think you had something to do with Talk about the timeline over the next year plus a year and a half to get us there and what are some of the decision points and Can you talk a little bit about what you think the outcome looks like well We talked about the risk of the Christmas tree that we will add so many decorations on the Christmas tree and We we have now identified 19 areas And of course that is too many and you you may have heard me Make a plea that we should not act Vertically and in silos, but that we should Work horizontally and I said on water remember that water affects education extreme poverty Gender equality health, of course So what we need to do is probably to identify clusters where you also bring in the dynamics I Went a more I could do the same argument for women women's empowerment would also have effects all over Education would also have a very cross-cutting effect So I think what the member states will do now is perhaps get that into clusters I can I have to be cautious here because this process in the hands of member states So even if I were president General assembly, I have to Not accept itchy fingers here. It's up to them to come to these conclusions But I hope that they will finish this work on what they are doing now trying to identify those goals and targets by Let's say July August this summer That's what they are planning to do and then that we are waiting for work on a very important fact to name we have we finance Development and that will be added to something where as a secretary secretary general and I will be asked to Write a synthesis report like the one that you just mentioned which it was called a life of dignity for all It's pretty good pretty good 19 pages 8,500 words not bad to bring in all these elements that you mentioned We will do something similar in October something that November and then the member states will probably sit down and negotiate This whole area where you have public education with the transformative change you have the Sustainability and you have the rule of law and human rights, but at that I don't know it's up to them and we hope by September 2015 to gavel the next Generations goals which hopefully also will be meaningful for member states in the same way as MDG were Tool of planning for so many countries. We hope that these goals also will be what I was doing in Nigeria It was actually to meet 60 minutes of finance and Tomorrow and the day of tomorrow. I will meet Maybe pimp 100. I don't know minister finance at the World Bank meeting because this cannot turn into reality until you get Finance ministers industry ministers Agriculture ministers involved as even if I was for a minister for a fair is fine, but you need to get Those guys with the resources and who can affect the situation on the ground So that that process will have to go on in parallel, but I hope by September 2015 We will set that new direction and hopefully in a way that is good for everybody Has the has the US been helpful in this process talk a little bit about the role the United States Oh, yes. Yes. No, I have very good cooperation with Samantha power Jeff Laurenti is Elizabeth Cousins the the ambassador in the UN who is she's very Constructive and very very good actor and really I want to thank you. Thank you warmly for giving me the opportunity to speak here with you Normally, I'm invited to speak about the crisis, you know Syria and Ukraine But that you brought up this subject even if I did a little bit of it was important I'm so glad that you you are engaged it and I think I would definitely like to continue this dialogue I I had I was at the Senate this morning, and I hope to come back also to the legislators both on both sides of the both House and Senate and of course both parties and Brings back my time as you Sweden's while you're missed here And you have an open invitation here at CSIS to be here this wonderful spring day really gets strong Washington feeling can you let me just push on one more issue around this and the Millennium Development Go process there's been a a push because I think the Millennium Development Go process has been so successful to add on What's called the Rio plus 20? Sustainable development process as well, and you you alluded to there's no planet B Could you talk a little bit about me? It seems that the MDGs were quite successful without Without that process and can you talk a little bit about how how that's going to work? Well, we were many were worried that many countries in the development world would not want to add sustainability because there is an old debating line that the industrialized countries built its Their level of development on at the cost of the environment and now when you see the effects In the climate and the seas and the air and so forth then they they they want to have a Fair distribution of responsibilities. This debate is still there. I must say but the fact that there is no more any Dispute about the fact that Poverty re-education has to be done with taking into account The fact that resources of finite that we have water problems that we have waste management problems that we we will depend on how we deal with the resources That is now common to all the only thing that I fear could possibly lead to this problem coming back again is that We have finite resources in terms of financing and what we need for The development side is a lot of money, but we also need a lot of investment for renewable energy and for the Climate change agenda and there might be a competition then so that's why I reached out as you heard me say to also the private sector the World Bank the Bretton Woods system. We need to find where are these resources? But as I said earlier even in the developing countries They now speak about the need to mobilize their own the domestic mobilization resources in Nigeria the Minister of Finance was Clearly saying that we got it also finance Find our own financing so I don't see that contradiction as strongly as I probably would have done some years ago I hope that we will avoid that that contradiction. Well, I think it's good I do think that we've done a lot of work here at CSIS on both the rule of law and governance link, we've also Henry I4 really helped us with launching a bipartisan commission that looked at The role the private sector in development and I think that also will make sure you get take that with you when you leave But I also think that I know that the United Nations through UNDP and the OECD have been running this post Busan Global partnership Do you want to just talk a little bit about that in terms of that in some ways the MDGs are the next round The MDGs are the are the what and the post Busan global partnership is sort of described as the how Any sense about it says about that because I do think this how comes up around the issues of the private sector It thought they're they're meeting next week in Mexico City the global partnership And they're going to be talking about domestic resource mobilization is one of the pillars and other pillars going to be The role the private sector and so I know the UN has a lot to say about about these issues I can only repeat a couple of points first of all I think you're absolutely right the question that is most important to answer in today's world is how We practically all know what we need to do The what is easy? That's that question. Yes but the how is really the important issue I'm dealing mostly with the how and For the how on the road ahead, I think we this model isn't bad You know that you've got to have peace You can't have more which saps in the resources and creates horrible Conditions for so many people you got to have a development pattern, which is transformational Doesn't isn't built on charity of the problem we give to you But bring out the dynamic resources in any nation, you know the by that go the transformational road of job creation gender really empowerment of women and Also the you industrialization Most of the natural resources of Africa is they are exploited and exported and it's been this way for so long now There's time for a change so so And then of course the third aspect is you've got to add that right perspective and Rule of all precipitate the qualitative aspect if you get these things together And as I said in the very beginning if you do it at the run at the same time not you yourself personally Because we got to be specialized in each each of us We can't be renaissance personality, but that we then work across the lines. We should put the problem The problem in the center It's my easiest conclusion after so many years as in the government and in the U.M Put the problem in the center start with that and then ask yourself if this is the problem Who can do something about it? Then you identify anyone who comes from the body could turn out to be well back private sector of civil society Superbrain in the academic world Get them around the table and then you come to some type of shared responsibility And by that you come back to these points that I made nobody can do everything But everyone can do something because one of the most dangerous things in today's world is that the problems are so huge That you think I can't do anything about it But if you have this model put in your problem center, then you do that. This is my part this is my contribution and you because what we do is we start from the bureaucratic anger we look at problems from the perspective or organization Not from the problem. We don't respect the problem. We squeeze the problem into the organization instead of vice versa This if we can get this this is a huge change of culture, of course Not only for my own foreign ministry, but also for the United Nations to do this But I I'm absolutely convinced that's the road to go not only is this the right thing to do But you know what it's also the fun thing to do if you work horizontally and bring in aspects from other Walks of life into your area instead of saying why they why do they get involved in my area? You should be grateful if someone on the other side is interested in helping you with your problem That's why I think this horizontal more generous approach of seeing others contribute is so so useful I could give you many examples, but I won't but I can say I think the audience is concluding that we need to We need to clone the on Elias and and have multiple young allies in the UN system because I it's very refreshing I I want to just also just signal and applaud what the UN is doing I think both the secretary general and the president the World Bank I think it helps that they both be Korean But I think that they have been that has been a very constructive and powerful conversation There are many many times in the last 50 years where I don't think they those two Institutions have talked enough having been at the World Bank Group And I also think the I mentioned earlier the global partnership the OECD and UNDP working together I think hard to do but important and so I think that's another example of sort of this of this What you're describing so I think we're gonna have to do a lot more that and then finally I want to just applaud with the UN's done with the global compact I think this was something that Kofi Annan thought of he went to and the people don't know this But he went to the MIT's business school He understood the power of the private sector before the private sector was cool He was thinking about this 15 years ago and you now have 8,000 companies that are signatories the global compact And then finally I will say when I was in the Bush administration I was particularly pleased with UNDP and the French and the global South folks to fund Something called growing inclusive markets. This was in 2005. We weren't getting along that well with the French at the time I don't remember if you remember this but French yeah French fries and freedom fries right so there was it going on And so at the time the proposition that was proposed to me in the Bush administration at AID was okay So we can get the UN and the French to talk about the power of the private sector in Solving global problems. I said well, this is a no-brainer of course. We're going to support this so So I think you all have an incredible brand and an ability to to Be a force multiplier for good in the world And I think sometimes the many people in the United States don't fully understand the power of the brand and how it can be deployed for Good and it oftentimes frankly, I'll say it here since I'm sitting in the United States in the American interest Yeah, so let me open up for some questions. I've got some folks here that I would like to call on I want to hear here first from my friend at the UNDP. We'll take three. We're gonna do this World Bank style I want to hear from my friend at UNDP who's right there I want to hear from my friend Ed Fox who's here and I have for here for my friend Tony Carroll and this woman's ready to For so go ahead. Thank you, Dan will Davis with the UNDP Washington office Mr. Deputy Secretary General your message is always is incredibly compelling and you'll find a very receptive audience in Washington on rule of law and good governance But both you and former Secretary for mentioned this is going to be a very contentious portion of the post 2015 discussion The my world survey that UNDP conducted showed an honest and open government to rank very high amongst Global citizens interests who is out there arguing against this take us into the mindset of The folks that are going to make this a very contentious discussion about including good governance and rule of law Okay, Tony and this woman here then we'll have Ed last I'm welcome Ambassador. I'm a senior associate here Tony Carroll. I'm a little worried about the false promise of Resource beneficiation in Africa. I'm in the space frequently and have been for the last 35 years While I think there are certainly merits that can be Progress can be made about doing more value addition in natural resource natural resources in Africa I often fear that the argument often avoids what has been the problem in the past and that is the misappropriation of right resource rents that have gone into countries that have been Nigeria's a case in point of the billions of dollars that have been lost over the years through misappropriation I think what what has to be done and I'll point to a country where I was a Peace Corps volunteer Botswana Over the course of the last 25 years the beers and Botswana have negotiated and developed a very close careful Relationship which has eventually resulted in the location of the the beers global sales operations to Botswana And I think that they have pointed out from their lessons of that relationship that it takes many many years of trust building For it to be a viable economic option for a multinational company to make that type of investment And I think the UN you have a new director of UNCTAD who I know quite well We all know quite well here Mokisa Katui Could be a good forum to engage I think a realistic dialogue on resource beneficiation because I only hear the extreme Arguments made and not really pragmatic approaches to this very complex problem. So this young woman here next to Tony Hi, thank you so much for being here Joanna Mazingo from the United Macedonian diaspora So Greece has violated the 1995 UN interim accord by blocking Macedonia's NATO membership in 2008 Which was recently confirmed by the Macedonia versus Greece ruling by the International Court of Justice in 2011 in addition to your special envoy Matthew Nemetz efforts to resolve the name dispute. What are you specifically? She resolved as soon as possible. Thank you. Thank you and then my friend Ed Fox Good evening sir. I'm glad you're here today Ed Fox. I'm in the private sector now, but it was in the government before just wanted to See if you could add a little bit more to something you already touched on and that as you said You were with the Congress a little earlier today And I think that this is one of the largest problems in the United States and trying to deal with these kinds of problems Is to understand how the United States? All in this process if security is Important that we stop the violence we do these sorts of things yet the United States is Is perhaps not given the credit some people think they deserve for the role they play and it's not part of the ODA for instance How do we tell Americans that there's a role here? Directly beneficial to the goals and objectives that the United States has for itself And why as a leader in this area we actually are benefiting objectives, thank you Okay, thank you very much To will good to see you again, by the way You said in the United Nations information office in Washington Now he's running the UNDP Washington office So he's done both jobs and he's well respected in town and represent the UN well here And your wife is a very powerful person state. Anyway The the resistance I do intelligence, you know, good to see you again the resistance comes from Governance challenged maybe yeah, the the the the the challenge whatever the the questions that are asked is Aren't you by pushing this agenda for rule of law and the rights perspective interfering in our internal affairs What do you have to why should you get involved in our corrections police? Training how why should you get into our legislative practices? And this goes back to the sovereignty and Restates and territorial integrity very sensitive issues inside the United Nations So when they push that button they get an audience What I will try to say is that the way these institutions are built are important not only for the welfare of the people we the peoples but it's also good for the region because Practically every conflict today has regional implications. They spread to the outside That is why so crucial because it has also effects on the outside And just give you one example of a country today, which has huge challenges Libya Libya has of course history of tribes and there's a the serenity cap versus Three Tripoli and so forth There's never been a strong self-government except during the Gaddafi period and then when Gaddafi if I may say so left the scene Then is that diplomatic speak? Yes thinking of how should phrase it There were no institutions left No institutions So here's a country with five million people and lots of oil and The people could live a very good life, but institutions are not there to hold up development And it is causing huge problem what goes on here. There are terrorist groupings in the south of Libya, so So just as an example, so we we have to deal with this that Perhaps is too brave to to To paradoxical for me to present but I would claim that on most of today's international issues Just look at nation like migration or anything else. You can't find a national solution So my view my view is that in today's world the internet a good a good It has to be good a good international solution a good international formula is basically a national interest If we can come to the conclusion that oh look how easy things will be with Parliament's Congress Editorial writers public opinion the Yes, you know, I can only agree with you on the value addition and what you called also diplomatically misappropriation I would say corruption is is is your problem and and of course I know I feel Completely I'm fully aware of this now the the and here is something that there's an area which I Will depart a little bit which I am extremely worried about if I were to Formulate what are the major threats in today's world one of the major threats to me in the today's world is organized crime the way the role of organized crime and the role that they play How they undermine structures institutions even democratic 350 billion dollars Illegal arms trade hundred fifty billion dollars approximately prostitution hundred billion dollars people women children are sold This money is not going through the IRS or the normal taxation channels And they have an enormous influence and goes into conventional banks and really undermines our societies And I see also now growing links to terrorism organized crime and terrorism That is come back again to the recipe is partly strengthening institutions, but well-functioning and honest institutions But you're right trust building without trust you can't get anything done I don't think I can go into the whole quarrel of the name the M word grease The M word We are hoping that we will find We we do our best to try to find a formula which is acceptable to both sides and it's sad that this issue which is On the surface so Not simple or but in that it has this enormous emotional dimension For both sides and therefore has led to this Locked up situation, but I really can't say no more Maybe we could have a chat later I Think that United States should be proud or the United States has been doing in so many areas I mean for instance now. I hope that you will Hopefully have clarity on the situation of Afghanistan. You have lost so many Young men and women in Afghanistan. We try to do our best also there ourselves I just had a long meeting Sweden also, but also in the UN. I just had a lunch with Jim Dobbins Special envoy That's enough kind of stuff because we need Continued stability so that we can work all over the country next year for women for human rights for development But we do that in in tandem and then I must say that when we do peacekeeping and Hopefully when peacekeeping works as we wanted to work It's pretty good business because we do that job for much less money than any individual nation would do But do for development isn't the interest of the UN. I have a little card here that I have Asked to be delivered to the UN information office here And it's a little card here where I just want to Well, sometimes I at dinner and I don't want to explain Why the UN is needed because I'm the I'm made I'm not a I'm not I'm not an Uncritical from the UN. I I see some of the UN we would probably meet tomorrow and create something similar We will probably come up with something like the short drive in our back pocket But to be a bit practical because I'm basically a field person. I've been Emergency coordinator. I've been in all these areas in the world and so many other functions in my UN and Swedish Professional life this little card which I offer you to pick up. I will have five in the pocket So if you want you can To tackle challenges we what we do every day we provide food to 90 million people in 73 countries Where hunger is prevailing? We vaccinate 58% of the world's children saving 2.5 million lives a year We assist over 36 million refugees and people fleeing war famine or persecution persecution on four continents and We mobilized 12.4 billion dollars in humanitarian aid to help people afflicted by emergencies There's five more items here, but I won't read them out, but I have this in the pocket You know that saves me a lot of discussion at the dinner tables Yeah, it's too bad you only had five today Ambassador I think that's a great way to