cheering. This presentation is going to focus on the theories, method and techniques of teaching and we're going to start with a quote. This is an interesting quotation because it contains a philosophical argument and it's a philosophical argument in which we learn. This one is saying that the intelligence of their own children process natural. So, yma could be said to be due to nature. This is exactly the opposite of this one, which is saying that they're teaching the environment that we create creates that intelligence. So, this one can be said to be due to nurture. And this argument, nature versus nurture, has been going on for thousands of years. These two viewpoints are two ends of a scale or a continuum, if you like. And every teaching methodology that's ever been created has its starting point somewhere on this scale. For example, if a particular methodology has its starting point here, then that would be 50% due to nature and 50% is due to nurture.