 Yeah, thank you. I'm I'm actually I'm not a techie. I'm a political scientist and I study security policy defense related issues for about 35 years and my role is to look into the future a little bit and to see what the future security challenges are because The better we understand them the better we understand customer requirements in the future. So that's a little bit the idea and Doing that of course you discover usually old things and new things things you have seen for centuries Millenniums either and other things that are new. So I try to put artificial intelligence a little bit into context History always is continuity and change so in a sense Many of the future wars we're gonna see and the challenges we know pretty well From the Roman times in a sense. We are Roman Empire plus cyber right things that old things that are new So of course sometimes New stuff replaces the old one. We have very little cavalry today Although horses could be useful in some areas in Afghanistan actually But when we invented long-range weaponry like bow and arrow, it was superior to the club But only as long as the archer didn't come within striking distance of the club Then he had a problem So we're gonna see in the future laser weapons cyber war everything but also Explosives guns and all that thing Trend extrapolation usually mean it's about higher faster further But sometimes there's something new When Henry Ford made this wonderful statement about the cars he's saying if I had asked my customers what they wanted They would have said faster horses So sometimes we have to explain well We invented the con question and gene and things are going to change and the big changes that we are going to face and nanotechnology biotechnology robotics and artificial intelligence and the interesting thing comes up if these four mega trends merge Well, we had a chemical evolution if you wish a biological perhaps one day we have a mental evolution Actually, I can't wait this to happen If you watch TV in the afternoon and you zap through the channels and you see these soap over us and Soul strip these shows and whatever I physically suffer after five minutes. I find it so Embarable, but this is Homo sapiens. Is it or is it not is this really the result of evolution so far or Can we move a little bit beyond that? So so let's see We are at the edge of completely going into the digital Production the economy 3d printing additive manufacturing and all that that's only a short step We we will move into the biomolecular production An endless amount of meat without a single animal you lose an arm in an accident that will regrow It's only a question of time because it doesn't violate the law of physics So we have interesting views like Stephen Hawking who says the biggest threat to mankind is artificial intelligence We have molecular biologists who say no it's a mutation rate of microorganisms that it's the biggest threat because they undermine all immunization efforts So let's look at computers computers are as we built them today and program them today our instruction Executing machines we write instructions and they do it. They do it wonderfully beautifully reliably But they do what we tell them even if they learn we told them to learn a little bit as we learn But what is it exactly that they do differently interesting enough so far? They do things very fast There is a competition in supercomputers Every year and three times in a row China one We are now at or last year at 93 quadrillion operations per second. It's pretty fast Actually, it's nothing if we move into quantum computer, but what it means in other words, it's Computing capability will not be the limiting factor But the question is what is it that you want to calculate actually the computers cannot do math very well That might come as a surprise But if I ask any of you what it's three plus five five you would immediately say it's eight the computer can't say that The computer has to do if this than that if this and that if this and that and does it incredibly fast But it's that is it what it does so Computer do many things better than human beings. They control complex production processes Perform dangerous tasks all this is very useful and we move on with the optimization and Autonomous systems at some stage we start with that they repeat narrowly predefined Actions, but they move of course beyond that. We have seen a film where these tiny little flying taxis They of course do sense and avoid and all that by themselves If it comes to Combat robots we maintain the decision to kill and not to kill but everything else could be done by the machine The question is if you enter a situation where all the issues at stake are predefined very well It's comparatively easy If you're a commander of a missile defense unit and the sensors tell you there's a ballistic missile approaching a One of your cities you better launch the interceptors You are not calling for a cabinet meeting right you do and launch the interceptors, but all the situation is pretty clear now if you're autonomous driving and you are not the driver you are the passenger and you enter a dangerous accident situation and It's either you you know You drive over the kit and that or and you survive or you drive against the ball the kid is safe, but you die So how will the computer decide at the moment? We have to decide but if the computer decide will probably say well mr. Mayu are now 59 years old you have three adult kids the invoice for the medical doctors go slowly up We could use your retirement pension fund differently for other nice things. Here's a young guy Good genes good intelligence pays the whole life into insurances. I don't agree that the sketch will survive Well, even if I don't like it I have probably to accept the overall situation why because if we move into automatic or autonomous driving The likelihood that they enter into a deadly or probably very life-endangering situation is Millions times lower than if people drive So probably statistically I have to accept that no matter how I feel But actually then what is intelligence? We don't know I Think what we usually call intelligence is the result of an intelligence test you do a test and the result we call intelligence and Intelligence what is it actually does it do good things to us? Well, we think usually yes, but you know lots of the people in the Third Reich in Germany were pretty intelligent, but they were very evil at the same time So what is it exactly what we look at is it artificial intelligence or the use of Intelligence by artificial organisms or machines and what makes the difference well artificial. What is artificial actually? Human beings do something, but we are very natural I guess and at the same time we apply natural laws So it is so artificial actually The other thing is of course that we have these emotions and if I explain to my students a very rational Cold-blooded so to speak world view and they ask well professor my where are the emotions and it's oh, yes Good that you mentioned that emotions hate You know perfectly Bestiality no no no we mean love charity and and caretaking I say well So you have this tingers with your brain these emotions and other emotions So at the end of the day It's about us deciding things and how we value thing and that is related to culture and all these things So they start with the Automatization and autonomous systems and have liability problems household robots in Japan Let's say they take care of the household of elderly people if somebody gets injured or perhaps even killed by a robot What do we do? Do we put the robot into prison? Would probably make no much sense. Is it the software development? Is it the producer is that the guy who sold us the machine? Is it us who bought it? Is it us who switched it on who is actually at the end of the day liable? We have to discuss this very carefully as we enter into this game now last remarks right close by famous theorist of of artificial intelligence Had a nice article about 50 or perhaps 20 years ago and the title was the computers will convince us that we are superfluous Well, if we don't want to be superfluous we have to think what our role is in nature What is it that we can do better than computers? And it's not about that the human being at the end of the day should control the computers because who is it? You want mr. Hitler to be in control Starlene or a cold pot. No only good people, but who's good and who defines it? So it always comes back to us our culture to our value systems our preferences our priorities and We shouldn't just educate our children at the universities to come to become Computers in the sense of memorizing everything and they repeat it fully exams We should encourage them to think out of the box to challenge conventional wisdom to be innovative in all these things And that is what is I think now at the core and at the challenge And we will see that China is likely to program the tournament systems differently than us because it's an interesting Tension between collectivism and individualism and all these issues are so key when it comes to artificial intelligence. Thank you