 Welcome to the session of Active Antenna Learning Outcomes. At the end of this video, you will be able to explain Active Antenna. You will be able to compare between Active and Passive Antenna and you will be able to list the applications of Active Antenna. Let us see what is an Active Antenna or can you tell what is what is meant by an Active Antenna? As you may be knowing the definition of Active, so you can tell me what is the meaning of Active Antenna. So Active Antenna, an Active Antenna is an antenna that contains active electronic components such as transistors, fades and so on. So it should have active electronic components. Most antennas are passive, only consist of passive components such as metal rods, capacitors, inductors, these are the passive components. So most of the antennas consist of these passive components. But what is the main characteristic of Active Antenna is or what for people prefer Active Antenna nowadays in lot of applications is large frequency bandwidth and small size. So due to large frequency bandwidth and small size basically due to small size we can see widespread applications of Active Antenna. You can see the miniaturized things with the antennas that is possible only because of the small size of the Active Antenna. What is the difference between Active and Passive Antenna? So Active Antennas are any antennas with integrated signal amplifiers built into the unit as you can see here. So this is the Active Antenna with integrated amplifier with it this part complete thing forms the Active Antenna. Passive antennas are the antennas that have no amplification stages here no amplifier is there in passive antenna. So this is what is the passive antenna and in between the antenna element is shown some antenna element is shown and this is the passive antenna and this is the Active Antenna with integrated amplifier. Let us see the difference continued with Active and Passive Antenna. So in Active Antenna the component that uses power whereas this passive antenna do not use power. Active Antenna uses fiber optics whereas passive antenna does not add capacity to the carrier network. Active Antenna allows to use the capacity to a network using the base station to generate the signal strength generate. So it is amplifying it is generating the signal strength or amplifying the signal strength whereas passive antenna utilizes the available signal provided by outside towers it is just using the power which has provided by outside towers which is called as donors antenna. Active Antenna directly communicate with the carrier and it is more complex. So it is directly communicating with carrier so and also complex whereas passive antenna uses the signal boosters that is why the carrier is neutral. This is the difference between Active and Passive Antenna. Continuing with Active Antenna an Active Antenna is comprised of active electronic components like antenna integrated radio designs which plays the radio frequency module next to the passive antenna that is RF module next to the passive antenna to reduce the cable losses. An AAS system or AAS radio which is called as advanced antenna system which consists of 5G antenna array which is closely integrated with hardware and software required for radio signals to be transmitted and received that is trans receiver. It also consists of the signal processing algorithm to support the execution of AAS features. So this is shown diagrammatically in the next slide. Active antenna system employ intelligent integration of active trans receiver array and passive antenna array into a single hardware unit. So here you can see this is the passive antenna array and this is the trans receiver system or trans receiver array active trans receiver array. So both of these integrated into a single hardware will form the active antenna. So this is transmitting or receiving from the AAS cell. So the AAS cell is there there is a trans receiver part and then the array which is a passive array. Active antenna 5G coupled with the technologies like beam forming promise to deliver high performance beyond that it provide is a efficient network with higher data rates and significantly lower latency. See why people are going from 3G to 4G, 4G to 5G. Yes of course only because they this provides lower latency and this lower latency is a provided by provided because in 5G we are going for the higher frequency range where higher data rates are there and active antennas are 5G coupled which provides high performance and are efficient. Active antenna 5G provides significant benefits across a large variety of deployment scenarios enabling mobile network operators to re-app benefits of cost effective AAS across the network. So we can employ the active antenna system advanced antenna system which is cost applications there is broad scope and the social applications for active antenna even interdisciplinary applications are also there in the engineering as well as in material science, in tellering, in medicine in all the cases the applications we can find for active antenna. Active antenna system have proven to be a viable solution for increasing demands on mobile networks. The concept of active antennas has been used for a long time with conventional antennas and applied recently to textile variable antennas. So this is the another new emerging area of textile variable antennas. Do you know what is a variable antenna and what are its challenges? So it is one of the very interesting field. Variable antenna is an interesting field. Variable antennas are essentially any antenna that is specifically designed to function while being worn when it is worn that time the antennas used are called as variable antennas. But there are two challenges for it as it is being worn the challenge is proximity to the human body it should not harm to the human body. The human body is a lossy material it should not harm and beyond that human body is a lossy material it absorbs electromagnetic waves. So the body absorbing the energy of electromagnetic waves so when an antenna is placed near the body the result is the large reduction in the efficiency of variable antenna. Beyond that very limited volume is there that means very limited size that we expect. Space is an extreme premier on variable devices particularly for anything near to the face. So wherever on the body the small size is the rare but beyond that if it is on the face it should be much more smaller. Example if I consider a Google Glass. So here are the examples of the or the applications of the variable antennas. So you can see here this is a smart watch it uses the antenna. Here you can see a Google Glass which is using the Bluetooth antenna. Here the Nike shoe which is using the antenna active antenna and providing the data on to the mobile. The mobile is in your pocket but you are getting the information by using this Nike shoes. Here one more telemedicine application you can see here this person has worn the blood pressure sensor then here it is the artificial insulin sensor then motion sensor. Here you can see body data collector is there pulse sensor ECG sensor. So all this information is collected and all this information can be sent on the internet and can be made available to the doctor from there and from doctor or the prescriptions or some whatever precautions will be sent to the person on his mobile laptop. So that is possible using the variable antenna. On that you can see the active RFID tags see RFID tags comes passive as well as active. Here I have shown the active RFID tag this RFID tags we see in the malls when we go for purchase of course there are the RFID tags but these tags when it is provided with some conducting piping like this it is called as the active RFID tag. Beyond that here you can see that inside the shoe there is an active antenna self-powered smart active antenna RFID tag is mounted inside the shoe. So this or it can be mounted on to the doors. Even active compact variable body area network is an application for this active antennas you can see here the antenna array system is there active antennas are mounted on to the belt and there is a small power source is also there and this belt can be worn by the patient. So this from this the parameters of the patient can be monitored. If you see this person he is wearing the jacket you will not understand that this jacket also is include the antennas here the up between the outer layer and the inner layer the antennas are positioned active antennas are positions which are used for moisture and for measurement of the body parameters. So you can see you may not even imagine that this jacket will be containing the active antennas so this is the textile antenna. So these are the very interesting applications of active antennas and I have used these references for preparing this video. Thank you.