 A battery is made out of particles, the cathode is made out of this grounded material, usually lithium cobalt oxide, lithium agonist oxide. The anode is made out usually of graphite particles of carbon which stores the lithium. When you charge them and discharge them, lithium comes from the cathode side, goes through the separator and then gets inside the particles. But sometimes there are local conditions on the surface that then the lithium instead of going inside they prefer to start forming a little nuclei and when they form that little nuclei of lithium is what we call dendrites. They have been all sorts of competing accounts on how to describe them and what we did is to try to take these different descriptions on how they happen and try to unify them and explain at least two or three of the mechanisms that are the most prevalent descriptions on dendrite growth. There are two types of dendrite growth. The main one is called tip control which is basically lithium comes from the top, from the counter electrode, deposits on the surface of the dendrite and that advances the surface one step. In some cases lithium still comes and instead of depositing there what happens is it just gets redistributed and induces some stresses in the dendrite which will cause the dendrite to basically squeeze itself up from the base. Basically that's called base control growth. If you discharge your battery slowly you don't give time for this lithium to accumulate on the surface. What instead will happen is that lithium will have time to go inside the anode graphite particles and then you can reuse it. If you do it very fast that will induce a large voltage drop between the anode and the cathode and that could give you enough potential to nucleate one of these dendrites and once you form it under normal conditions you will never be able to get rid of it. Now we're going to be trying different types of separators which is the layer that you can actually design in between and the idea is to find structures that will promote one type of mechanism of dendrite growth with respect to the other one or a combination of any of these two mechanisms to suppress the lithium growth completely. We have electrical, chemical and mechanical aspects to play with and since we have the opportunity to not only explore one combination of parameters but also to actually explore everything commercial and even non-existent out there. So there's a lot of interesting opportunities to propose new separator layers.