 Next contribution is from Sanjay Ubala, the Secretary for Special Projects from the State of Maharashtra. Well actually I should have asked Cyrus to speak after me because it's always particularly tough to speak after him. But at the outset let me thank the London School of Economics, Urban Age for organising this conference. Over the last four years we've been talking about Mumbai and this is just the right time for you to come in and give us a feedback as to how we're doing. But four years back when we started working on this, we thought of putting a vision forward. Now this vision is not necessarily something which is cast in stone, it can always be changed. But it was important for us to put forth this vision because unless we have something on the table we'll not be able to get people to start thinking about it. That's one of the reasons why this vision came forward. And as I said it's not necessarily what the aspiration of the government or the city is, but something which is going to evolve over a period of time. So it's not static, it's going to be dynamic. Let me now come to my presentation which is very brief because I was told that I have to finish it off in about ten minutes time so I'll come to that straight away. The importance of Mumbai, can we start this? A little bit of this has already been said. Mumbai and I'm talking about Mumbai not just the city of Mumbai which is essentially just about 437 square kilometers but the Mumbai metropolitan region which is about 4500 square kilometers and having a population of around 19 million people. So when we have the kind of normative problems that we see in Mumbai, we have 19 million people there to solve these problems. 2% of the total states population, total states area, 20% of the states population, 37% of states GDP, 70%, Mumbai contributes 70% of the states taxes. It is just now told by Cyrus that contributes about 40% of the central taxes. It's also the location for international commerce, it's the business and the kind of trading activity that the city had led to the growth of the city. So these are two very important issues that we need to keep in mind. I believe Mumbai's dharma, as we call it, the purpose of the city is to generate wealth and contribute not only to the state but also to the country. As I said four years back when we started talking about Mumbai, Mumbai was showing signs of decay. While currently the state is growing at the rate of 9.3%, in the late 1990s and the early 21st century, we found that Mumbai was growing just at the rate of around 4.5%. Actually the engine, as we call Mumbai, to be the engine of the economic growth, not only of the state but of the country, was actually being dragged by the carriage. So we needed to do something about the state of affairs and turn this upside down. Secondly, the rising employment due to the decline of manufacturing. Mumbai was traditionally the textile manufacturing center, it was also the automobile center and chemicals. However, due to the kind of disconnect that Mumbai had due to the high cost, Mumbai was increasingly becoming non-competitive, which was leading to unemployment on a very large scale here in the city. Slumification of Mumbai actually started in the 70s and a lot of people here tend to think that the government needs to do more. And let me just say this that we've actually, in the name of poor, done quite a lot. And you know where we are currently. The slumification of Mumbai started in the 70s when two or three of major interventions by the government led to this. One was something called the Urban Land Sealing Act, which effectively stuck out about one-third of the land from the city and made the real estate prices extremely expensive. Two, the city of Mumbai where we are currently sitting, where the FSI was as high as four, and you call it the FAR elsewhere in the world, where the FSI was as high as four, was brought down to 1.33. And that in the suburban areas brought down to one, essentially to see that the city of Mumbai does not grow. Now what happened as a result of which? People continued to come in because of the layer of the jobs that the city provided and there was no space to live in. So they started living on the pavement, they started living in open spaces, and the slumification of Mumbai really started from that time. So anybody who suggests very strong intervention through the state must also be careful that we've done it in the past and we've seen the results as well. Overcrowding of the public transport system, and Cyrus just now mentioned about this, this is really a sign of decay. A lot of people actually tend to think that we need to prioritize public transport over private transport, I agree with that. But I think the fact is that we've not been able to adequately invest in public transport itself because if you see the public transport system in Mumbai almost 80% of the public transport is currently utilized and I don't think that kind of figure exists anywhere else in the world. The main reason is that we've not been able to invest and expand the capacity of the public transport system. So surely we need to invest in the public transport system but it's not necessary that we have to neglect the roads in the process because on both these accounts we have severely short of our capacity. Now Mumbai needs to rediscover itself. Where does Mumbai lie at the moment? On one hand its traditional base is getting eroded, it's no more a manufacturing center and it's gradually losing its competitiveness. On the other hand, Mumbai cannot even at the moment think of globalizing because of the kind of limitations on its infrastructure. So Mumbai finds itself in a state of limbo where it's losing its relevance in the national economy and losing to the second tier cities but at the same time it's nowhere near being a global city because it doesn't really have infrastructure. The business and the commerce that is currently thriving in this city is as we know is increasingly becoming mobile. The other day I was speaking to a very young entrepreneur and he said, I don't really think why I need to be here in Mumbai to do my business and this is what is going to happen to a lot of businesses here. In Mumbai they might like to move out of Mumbai to other cities within India or even outside because businesses and commerce and commercial activities are becoming extremely mobile and they don't really look at any particular geography as something that needs to be specifically integrated into their plans. As a result of which, the fear is that Mumbai, if at all, doesn't rediscover itself. Mumbai might probably face a similar fate as some of the other cities in the world like Detroit and Cleveland which is actually having a hallowed city center or the downtowns. Mumbai might also, if at all we are not able to do something in time, Mumbai might lose a lot of this wealth generating businesses. Mumbai might move out and will end up only with businesses which might necessarily be informal types. So therefore, it's a matter of survival for Mumbai. Mumbai needs to move up the value chain. A lot of competing cities like Bangalore, Hyderabad, Chennai are actually filling up the space which Mumbai was traditionally occupying. So where does Mumbai go? Mumbai need not necessarily compete with these cities but Mumbai is the only city which can actually move the value chain and really take the global opportunity that... Shanghai, Singapore, Hong Kong, Dubai are already sitting pretty and they are making huge investments in that particular space. So we are having a crowded space on either side and Mumbai actually sits in a space where it really doesn't know how exactly to move forward. So therefore, we have devised something called a Mumbai vision. A lot of people criticized us for it. Let me just see if I missed out something over there. I think the word Shanghai doesn't really feature in this statement. Shanghai was something which... the word Shanghai was uttered by the Prime Minister. In our plans for Mumbai, we never really said Mumbai should become Shanghai but we never really denounced this word because Shanghai is like a metaphor. When people think about a city, people think that Mumbai needs to be a brilliant city. It must have the glitzy infrastructure, glitzy buildings. We don't necessarily say that. But people have an image of a city and Shanghai actually tried to convey that image. We never objected to that. The main reason being that it helped us engage the people of Mumbai into what we were trying to talk about. So our strategic framework essentially had five elements to it and I won't really go into details of it because you have very limited time. One was improving governance. A lot of those points Cyrus has already mentioned. Inclusive economic growth. It's not just for the rich but how do we get the poor also move up the value chain. Sustainable infrastructure development, health and education and of course housing. The key challenges that Mumbai has, one to my mind is a mindset. First of all, I don't know whether we really know that we are placing a time where we need to decide if we need to survive or perish. I personally feel that this is a very honest question that I would like to ask here. Whether we really know this and if at all we are not able to do something about this we might end up being a Detroit or Cleveland. Second issue and I would have liked to elaborate this. A lot of this will become self critical and being in the government service we don't really have the liberty of doing that but governance structures I think need a major change. Who governs the city? Who's accountable for what the city ultimately becomes? Are very very strong and relevant issues. But in addition to that a number of agencies that are working within the city of Mumbai how do we see that the incentives that these agencies have are aligned to the betterment of the city. There are huge incentive issues that are involved and that needs to be corrected. I also feel the issue of equity is something which is extremely important. Somebody mentioned about the informal sector. Over 50% of the contribution to the economy of Mumbai comes from the informal sector. How do we move these people from the informal sector to the formal sector is going to be a major challenge. And I think environment and climate change nobody has talked about this but increasingly even within the government though I think probably for the first time in this conference a government official is talking about it so I think they are becoming increasingly sensitive about environment and climate change. Now the issue here that I would like to pose is that what do we do about this? Do we say that we need to preserve the mangroves or do we say that we need to preserve our coastline or do we say that the problem is far beyond this and we need to defend ourselves from the kind of impact that environment is going to have this city. It's a big debate and we need to address this issue. So I feel as I said that Mumbai is at the crossroads. Mumbai needs to reinvent itself. Mumbai needs to re-energize itself. Otherwise Mumbai runs the risk of being a failed city. Thank you.