 Now it's time for Gamlapsala, and this is a place I've been working with for a few decades now, ever since I was a fresh PhD student. We started a research project here in 2009. It has shifted up and down, works in scale, called the GUAM project. Now it's taking a new turn. Gamlapsala is related to two other projects, Viking Dynasties, founded by Kru Aagerfondet in Denmark, and the Viking Phenomenon Project led by Neil Price, a university founded by Vetenskapsrådet. Gamlapsala is a place with many functions. Now I will not go into whether it's urban or not, but it is an assembly site with strong ritual and judicial functions. It's placed in a plain landscape where seven different valleys meet, which means that it is very centrally placed in the landscape. And also it is a major royal seat with quite a high population. And with the latest estimation from the railway project, the contract dig, where a major book was just published a month ago, the estimate for this surrounding village consists of between 30 and 50 farms surrounding there, the Manor area. And there, of course, another element related to central places in the urban site is the crafts. And I will here focus upon the metal crafts that we have in Gamlapsala. I worked much more with that in the coming two years. So this is just some observations that will be more substantial in the future, hopefully. So we're in the middle Sweden. This map shows the Viking Age water levels, where we have Heligert, I will mention later on Birkenetown, the latest internet town, and then Valser and Gamlapsala at the top. And this is a site where it's highly populated in the centuries BC, where we have scattered clusters of farms in the valley bottom. But then in the 6th century, we see an abandonment of these farms and a clear concentration where we later have the historical village in Gamlapsala. So the darker areas to the left are clusters of farms that now must be revised after the new result and with adjacent gray fields next to the clusters of farms. And by then we also see a clear distinguish between two major social elements of the site, with the manor area with monumental mounds in the middle of the high ground and the manor settlement over here, and then blue, the surrounding village areas. So in the village area we have done in the project a number of services. LBI has in other cases been there with geo-radar, separate projects, a lot of small contract pigs, and the big, very important project that has made a transect through the village. They have discovered between 6 to 10 farms from different places from the Wendell period up until the medieval period. And the characteristic thing, I must also say that the results from this project is not fully publicated yet. The reports are not published, so it's a bit hard for me to fully understand what the amount of crops material is. But it seems like when we had this part of the village, the metal crops aren't quite spared, there are no really high concentrations. But when we move towards the central area, there are vague indications that we have substantial metals, iron smithing, and also bronze casting in these areas. But most of this is survey material. So there are still quite vague indications of a large-scale production in this project on the website. The situation seems to be a bit different when we are in the manor area. This is a reconstruction. We have loads of houses, but actually there's only been a few percentages of the total area has been excavated. But we know there are houses and different features everywhere. And here we have at least two certain workshops. One here, one here on either side of the Great Hall on a huge artificial terrace. Workshop one on a major terrace. Workshop two also on the terrace. And as soon as we make smaller excavations, we find scattered debris of bronze casting, iron smithing, and bead making. But we don't find the actual workshop sites, but the material is scattered over large areas. So workshop one. On this terrace we have the garnet production. We have a few fragments of molten and refined glass that seems to be originating from bead making. We have iron smithing and fragments of one fragment of co-making. That's the only fragment from the entire gambler of solid with co-making. The thing that is characteristic for Viking Age Town. But we do have a huge production of garnets that seems to be local. So in just three square meters of the floor layers we found 600 pieces of raw garnets. And this seems to be a building. We're going to excavate it at a very small part of the building. It stands on a terrace that could hold a house that could have been 40 meters long. And we have indications from the trench that there are a number of rooms with different types of crafts that are made. For example in this room with multiple sand layers with the garnets, an adjacent room that is pitch black with a lot of smithing remains. And this stands in sharp contrast to the village area where all the known crafts remains are made from are in small buildings or in open air activities. Then we have workshop 2, just 10 meters from the Great Hall. And this is also a very large terrace that might be as long as 100 meters long with a 40 centimeter thick cultural layer. And we've only skimmed an area of less than 10 square meters and only picked away 5 to 10 centimeters of this cultural layer. And we had evidence of silver wire and filigree wire production plus a mere production of gold and silver, a refined garnet. We have more amber, refined glass would be made, lots and goods for et cetera, et cetera. So, and here you can find the draw, you can see the draw plate for silver wire production. So it seems we haven't excavated large amounts of these workshops but the density of finds is extremely high so we seem to have a high concentration in the production. And just as I said, if you compare it for example with Birka where they've excavated a complete bronze workshop with tens of thousands of mold fragments and cruise boats and so on and other cases in the urban context, we don't have that mass material but it's partly because we have excavated so incredibly small areas but the density is extremely high. So it seems in comparison with the village area with the small houses and open air activities the people that decide in the manner area one seems to want to build big houses and draw a number of workshops to this area. And so it seems to be some kind of large scale production in the manner areas. And then this stands in quite a sharp contrast to Helje because in Helje, the other migration period, dendro period, central place in this area, we had the manner area here with the whole complex where there is substantial metal crops that are in smithing as well but the highest density of activities is in the surrounding areas in the surrounding farmsteads. So Jumlobsala and Helje are partly contemporary but it seems to be a completely different pattern in the crops activities. And it's a long way to go. This is the pre-emporia period so I think in future we have quite good evidence to see what they did before in crops way before the emporias were established. It's quite a different pattern in specialized production. Finished.