 We're all we're dealing with a world that is called international and we hear words like internationalization. Oh, that's a good one globalization interdependence and my problem for a long time has been this is at the beginning of the Chartres de Parme the charter house of Parma Stendhal's novel we have the hero del dango Fabrice del dango and he's in the middle of the battlefield at Waterloo and Oh my goodness is smoke and fog of war the bullets are flying Napoleon is charging back and forth on his horse and del dango looks at this and he thinks to himself, you know Something very important is happening here. I wish I knew what it was That's it interdependence there. I am so what I thought I'd try to work through in the next A few minutes not about 50 minutes or so is what does it mean practically? What does this mean practically for I'm afraid lawyers and judges, but lawyers and judges affect others do So it's people in a lot of professional disciplines And I want to say we all know this that there are two tendencies at work and they're considered great forces in the world That's fair enough. You have on the one hand The forces of internationalism Interdependence globalism those words that are so big in general and then on the other hand we have the local the regional tribal even and Very often when we read in the newspapers or I do and you do they look as they're clashing there at work there are these two forces at work and Brexit you know Brexit doesn't happen every day But there are a lot of things that happen that make us think that they are forces that are at least intention if not in actual conflict So I want to say for some of us professionals at least most of the time Forget the conflict Don't look at it that way. We live in a world where those are givens They aren't necessarily in conflict for our ordinary work. We have to deal with both We do and we don't even consider them necessarily in conflict We simply have a challenge which is fit which is shaped by those two forces and we deal with that challenge No, what am I talking about? I usually I leave I ask that first so my audience won't all ask if that's a I'm a local judge. I Am a local judge. I am not an international judge. I deal with this document. This is the Constitution of the United States We deal with an American Constitution. We deal with American statutes American administrative action But what I find more and more is to do my job To do this American job with American documents with American laws. I have to look beyond our shores and That's really what I want to show you law after all is not a science It's at least in part a humane discipline. It isn't architecture It isn't jazz But like them it does embody an ancient universal human need expressed in the book of Deuteronomy a good day to recall that Justice justice shall you pursue? Law helps to organize the lives of human beings in communities in ways that allow them to obtain the benefits of living together productively and in peace So it isn't surprising that law too Faces factual circumstances of the kind that other disciplines Architecture say maybe jazz economics environmental science lots of other things also face a world in which the International evermore affects our daily lives now here. You've always had that for many many years America hasn't Not to the same degree not to the same degree and Where we the local lawyers the local judges have to take increased account of what goes on beyond our shores how Can we should we like other professionals take account of? globalization while at the same time maintaining the importance of local ties Now my experience has been the number of cases in our court We hear about 80 each year the number of cases where you have to face that question has grown dramatically Since I was appointed to the court about 20 years ago a little more Maybe then you know I went to Europe and went to a conference and came back and I said I learned so much they're really useful and Actually was a professor from Finland who was at NYU for the year. He said name one Okay, I found one But but that would be no problem at all now Maybe five percent of our cases used to call for that kind of thing look out beyond America now Maybe it's 20 25 percent 15, but 20 certainly 25 and That is a big change And what they do is they say look look out beyond in different ways, and I'm not talking just about treaties I mean of course treaties do but things that aren't treaties at all the interpretation of our own domestic Constitution our own statutes our own laws and When I speak to an American audience about this, I'm absolutely certain to get this some form of this But this is an American Constitution, isn't it? This is an American Constitution Why are you looking elsewhere? And I say Well, I my opinion and I need a I need what I have here 40 minutes or 30 minutes more to convince you But the best way to preserve our American values is to look beyond our shores