 has led this $15 million project on supporting implementation of the voluntary guidelines on the responsible governments of tenure, excuse me, of land, fisheries and forests. The project has helped countries make political commitments aimed at the eradication of hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition with the explicit outcome of increasing awareness among decision-makers, development partners and society at large regarding access to natural resources. The project enhanced global processes to improve governance of tenure through collaborative partnerships for longer lasting impacts, while at the same time promoting the application of VGGT capacity development tools and materials. This initiative addressed tenure rights of vulnerable groups, gender equality, conflict prevention, increased participation, as well as multi-stakeholder processes. The geographical coverage of the project included countries and regions in Africa, Asia and Latin America, that is to say just about everywhere in the Global South. For the past few weeks FAO and the Land Portal has held an online discussion to facilitate the collection of knowledge-generated experiences and lessons learned during the project. I think many of you with us today participated in that online discussion and we appreciate that you did so. We now have the opportunity in this webinar today to learn more about some of these experiences and some of the learning that has been derived from the project. Yesterday we had a very informative webinar on project activities in Asia and East Africa and today we turn our attention to West Africa and Latin America. So next a brief overview of our agenda today. We're going to start with some opening remarks from FAO and then we'll move to the first panel discussion on support for the improvement, revision and implementation of the policy and legal frameworks. This will be followed by some question and answer time. Next will be the second panel on successful experiences and lessons learned on the formalization and regularization of tenure rights, again including Q&A. After a short break we'll return for presentations on capacity development activities for a more informed and participatory decision-making process followed by Q&A. And then the third panel for today on the VGT support to a more inclusive approach on natural resources and climate change. That will be followed by some key takeaways from the webinar and then we will close. Now before I turn it over to our first speaker let me also mention that if you have questions today please do not use the chat function in Zoom, rather use the Q&A function. And again there's a Q&A icon at the bottom of your Zoom screen and you simply click on that and then type in your question. This will facilitate getting us getting access to your questions in a timely manner and so that we can get through as many as possible. And with that and without further ado I would like to hand off the microphone as it were to Benjamin Davis of FAO for his opening remarks. Benjamin the floor is yours. Great, thanks a lot Darryl and good morning and good afternoon to everyone. It's an honor to be with you all here today for this closing event. Again my name is Benjamin Davis. I'm the director of Inclusive Rural Transformation and Gender Equality Division which is the home for the land tenure work as of January of this year within FAO. And I'd also just like to offer my welcome to everyone here today. I heard the session yesterday went very well and I'm looking forward to today's session. So following the endorsement of the BGT's in 2012 FAO was mandated by CFS to lead and promote their implementation and to achieve this FAO formulated a global program with the objective of helping countries make explicit political commitments and allocate resources to eradicate hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition through improved governance of tenure of natural resources. Now this program as Darryl mentioned was aimed at enhancing global processes to improve governance of tenure to build the capacity to improve governance of tenure in countries and regions by promoting targeted technical assistance through a focused and thematic approach. The project addressed tenure rights of the most vulnerable groups, gender equality, natural resources, related conflict prevention and management, inclusive participatory approaches and multi stakeholder processes. Now the implementation of this program was supported by a multi donor project with funding from Switzerland, Italy, France, Belgium and Sweden who are joining us today to celebrate the nine years or this nine year journey that wouldn't have been possible without their financial support and intellectual support as well. Again as mentioned by Darryl the geographic coverage of the program was global including countries in Latin America, Africa and Asia were the program of just various tenure related challenges. Now one of the key areas the project the program focused on was awareness raising on the BGT through a series of national and regional workshops and other events global events around the world. This created a critical mass of informed agents of change of people out there including lawmakers, policymakers, civil society, academia, produce organizations and indigenous communities across the world. The BGT became an important reference document for tenure governance among proletarians at country and regional levels influencing the design of regional interventions to achieve food and nutrition security and as a result of this awareness raising VGGT update has been fantastic it's been since their endorsement and the demand for application has been growing with each year. The program also embarked on the production and dissemination of VGGT capacity development tools the form of technical guides gets e-learning modules and learning programs. The nine-year period of VGGT implementation has resulted in the production of over 12 technical guides covering various thematic areas of tenure governance including gender and land governance, free prior informed consent, land-based investments, recording of tenure rights, valuation, spatial planning and governance of pastoral tenure. The VGGT and the various technical guides and learning programs have also been translated into numerous languages and popular versions have also been developed in order to make them more accessible and more contextualized and thus more practical their application. Now establishing and strengthening partnerships to increase collaborative action at global regional and country levels was an important part of the strategy of this program. And so for example in Africa the program partnered with the African Union to promote the implementation of the VGGT in coherence with the African Union framework and guidelines on land policy in Africa. The VGGT have also been used in innovative ways to foster peace and stability in instances where weak land governance was identified as a cause for political instability. For example in Colombia the implementation of the VGGT contributed to sustaining the peace agreement. Yesterday we had an opportunity to hear from the implementers beneficiaries and other stakeholders in Eastern and Southern Africa and the Mekong region in Asia who made reflections on the achievements of the program and the challenges faced in promoting governance of tenure and made concrete recommendations and proposals on the design of future VGGT programs. Today's event brings together the project implementers and other stakeholders from Africa and Latin America and it provides yet another opportunity for experience sharing, lessons learning and reflecting on the achievements of the program and how these achievements can be sustained for lasting impacts. So it's my hope that the outcome of this closing event of the project will kickstart another vibrant phase in the implementation of the VGGT with more focus, more focused emphasis on sustainable food systems that are founded on responsible governance of natural resources such as land fisheries and forests. So with that I would like to pass the the floor to Jean-Marie who will be our moderator for the next session and I wish everyone a fruitful deliberation and a workshop. Thanks. I think it has been the support that has been provided by the FAA and by different actors in the process of revisions or construction of new financial policies or legislative framework or reform processes. I would even say that it is above that the voluntary directors have been expected by a very large number of actors around the world since in the minds of those who initiated this great project that were the voluntary directors, there was in particular the idea of making reforms and modernizing in some way the French policies and the French legislation. So it's a theme that has been particularly important and that in particular for the regions that concern us today, namely Africa and Latin America. This is said, so I will not expand as it is the panelists who are going to do it, but I will present them very briefly. For Niger, so I am happy to welcome our friend Dr. Abouba who played a key role in the preparation of the French policy to Niger and who is an expert in French, in pastoralism, in managing natural resources. So he will tell us a little more about the preparation of this French policy to Niger. For Senegal, we will meet, I hope that he will be able to connect with Joao also, Mr. Tanordiang, who is a technical advisor for Senegal's culture and rural equipment, and who is the president of the piloting committee of the national platform on voluntary directives and the French government. So he has also played a key role since 2014, the date of his creation in the different processes in Senegal. Then I will pass the floor to Mr. Juan Manuel Noguera-Maltinez, who is currently director of the Access to the Land of the National French Agency. He works in particular on the implementation of the Constitutional Law in the framework of the Peace Agreement, which is obviously an important process for this country. And finally, the intervention of Dr. Biosoulet, technical assistant and pastoralist in the direction of rural agriculture and rural development from Senegal, with which the project has also collaborated at the regional scale. And so there is this title, it will also give us perspective elements on the regional scale, let's say in the West African space and above, since it is at this scale, so we are also intervened. So before asking the questions and giving the floor to the first intervening, I remind you to benefit from a simultaneous translation, so French and Spanish in particular for the countries that concern us here. So you can ask your questions in the Q&A section. I would like to select a few for the panelists before the end of this session and that in any case, complementary interventions can be given to you in the dialogue box and probably by mail, maybe after the human event. So I'm not going to spread more on these preliminaries and I'm going to immediately ask our first intervening, so Dr. Abu Bak, I greet you warmly. First of all, I also greet the result that has been obtained, I would say, in the process of the preparation of the frontier policy, since this policy was approved in September 2021, so it's very recent. You expected me to give it to you to put the final touch on the building, which has been a long process, which has lasted several years. And so on this process, my first question, so it would be a little bit what were the success factors that led to the adoption of this frontier policy, to this good result, I would say that it was once again a long process. Dr. Abu Bak, what can you tell us about this subject? Thank you, thank you, Jean-Marie. Good evening to all the participants. It's a pleasure for us, it's our honor to be here. To go quickly, I would say that we have succeeded in adopting a frontier policy in the last month. It has been a long process, it's true, but the reasons for the success factors of this process can be limited to four. The first factor is to have the political will, the will of the authorities of the country, the will of traditional authorities, the will of the civil society as well as the agricultural sector. The second factor of this success is also the training, the training of the capacity that we have to do to all the actors, the training of the capacity on the volunteers, the steering wheel, the director's role as well as on many challenges and challenges that meet the country in terms of funding and the use of natural resources. The third factor has also been the questions of DEMARCHE, DEMARCHE has been really a participative, inclusive DEMARCHE that went beyond the central level, then there were caravans throughout the country to bring people to participate in DEMARCHE, to train people also at a regional level and even at a departmental level so that everyone could be really involved. So it was really a totally inclusive DEMARCHE. And the fourth factor is also this synergy between the actors. We have four or five large groups of actors, especially the group of actors of the administration of the country, the group of actors of the traditional chefry, the group of actors of the civil society of rural development, the group of actors also of the technical and financial partners, each group has been structured, organized in a consortium or a work group and so this synergy and this collaboration with the different groups has also been a very important factor in the synergy. Just to talk a little bit about the perspective, we think that we will go from the front through the implementation of the action plan because the French policy has been accompanied and even adopted at the same time as its first action plan. So the implementation of this action plan that will be launched in ten days will allow us to maintain the cap and to pull as much as possible. In this action plan, there is a lot of training, a lot of reinforcement of the capacity of all the actors. There is also our intention to continue to support the synergy, the collaboration between the different groups, the different actors. There is also, beyond all that, we think that actions that go in the direction of the implementation of an observer of the fund that also goes in the direction of reinforcement of the anchorage of the French policy in Niger are actions that will allow us to achieve the implementation of this policy. Thank you, Jean-Marie. We are also available with a member of this committee, the European president, who is there next to me, if there is a chance, he will also be able to intervene as a past civil society. Thank you. Okay, thank you Dr. Abouba, and thank you also for reminding me that the French policy is not an end in itself, but that at its end, there will be the implementation, and therefore to make an action plan has been prepared at the same time as the French policy. So it is really a very complete process that has been led to Niger, and I really think that it deserves to be saluted. The second intervening that was planned, I do not know if it is online, I did not see it personally, it was Mr. Tanordyeng, who is currently representing the Senegal platform and its piloting committee. So is he online? So it seems that he has connections problems in Senegal, but he sent us the answer by writing. Okay, so I will ask the question that was planned to ask him, and maybe you can formulate the answer to them, Sofia? Yes, I will read his answer. Okay, so if Tanordyeng manages to join us, he will give us possibly more details. Yes, more details, otherwise I also remember that there is our colleague from INDA, who is also part of the platform, who will be able to answer as well, if we want to think about it. Yes, he is online. During the debate. Yes. Okay, so in Senegal, there has been, since 1994, the constitution of a multi-actor platform on French governance and the implementation of voluntary directives. I think it is the first platform that has been implemented, by the way, if my memory is correct, after the approval of voluntary directives. And it turns out that this platform has accompanied most of the processes that took place in Senegal on French governance in recent years, especially in particular, a reform process that still has no end, but which had lasted for several years, which had been a process that has deeply reflected on the current state of French legislation in Senegal, of its strengths, its weaknesses, etc. So the question that I wanted to ask Tanordyeng, is how did the implementation, in fact, in 2014 of this multi-actor platform, play a role in its processes, and especially in the reform process. How do we see the role of this platform in the future? Especially. So Sofia, if anyone else can give an answer, you can give us an answer. I don't know if you have the technical advice. Yes. So the technical advice and the president of the platform tells us the multi-actor platform on the frontier, that during the reform processes of the French policy, facilitates information and dialogues through annual workshops, and facilitates to the president of the national commission of the French reform, identification and collaboration with resources and specialties on the problem of the French governance, and the next questions. This space of dialogues has supported public policies, it is in practice governance of natural resources of the French. And in a continuous search for processes, in the context carried out by the French issues, with the French impression of the effects of climate change, the growing demographic and the new projects, strongly connected with the French, including the KERIDAS and the PROCACEP. Two projects in fact support the French reform. For the future, it is important to position the platform as the framework of national dialogues on the French issues recognized by all the actors in institutional actors for more success. The retreat of the platform, organized in November 2020, revealed the need for a greater openness of this platform, and to deepen the institutional sharing of the national observatory of the frontier planned by the PROCACEP, in collaboration with the finance and budget ministers. From where a greater implication of the minister of territorial collectivity in these activities of the platform. Thank you. Thank you, Sofia, for these elements on the part of our Senegalese friends. So indeed, the platform has stopped growing, I would say, in recent years, and it has been joined by the first-plan actors, especially the finance minister, who also deals with French issues and who plays a key role in the new project of the World Bank. What is also interesting is that the dialogue mode that has been promoted and implemented by the platform has become the norm, and that in the new project of the World Bank, for example, the World Bank, when it formulated this project, it called on the technical support of the FAO and the platform that we supported to formulate this project. So there is really a recognition, I would say, even beyond the borders of the key role that this platform plays in the dialogue at the level of the Senegalese. And I think that this is also an extremely interesting result, even if some processes have not yet been completed, and we all know that these processes are very long. We have seen it for several years before the foreign policy has been adopted in Senegalese. Of course, the reform of the legal framework that makes consensus, I would say, among all the actors, will also be a relatively long process. Well, to eventually leave time to our African friends to connect, if they have not yet done so, I will now turn to the other part of the world that concerns this panel, namely Colombia, Latin America, and therefore ask Juan Manuel Noguera Martinez to give his opinion on the subject of the next question. First of all, Colombia does not have an inventory of the state, of formalization, and of the titularization of lands belonging to the entities of public law, especially in the local contexts. Thus, there is a high level of non-registered land, which shows that there is still room, I would say, to work on the promotion of the legal security of these lands, which are public utility. How does the NTA, the authority, therefore in front of Colombia, see this line of work which is also clearly a task in favor of the consolidation of peace in the country? What do you see? Okay, thank you, good morning to all, good afternoon in other spaces. For me, first of all, it is very gratifying to be here with you sharing these moments. In Colombia, we come from a process that is linked to the peace agreements and the finalization of the conflict within this peace agreement, in the 1.1.1.1 that has been used in the whole issue of the Rural Integral Reform, which has to do with all these spaces of adjudication or entities of public law in order for territorial entities in Colombia, we call them alcaldias and governaciones, to develop in those spaces activities of public interest or social interest or public service projects for the community. In Colombia, due to the new modifications that were made in 2019 and years before 2017 and back, we created the figure of the land fund. In the land fund, it must be or it is an inventory where you must find all the assets of the nation that can be judged, whether they are peasant or territorial entities so that they can develop those projects of public service or social interest, as I said at the time. We really need, indeed, we have a very big challenge in terms of this space, we must continue to characterize the assets within the State, the assets of the public, that we must carry to that database that we have where we find those files of all assets of the State in order to be able to identify them and, in turn, with territorial entities, to be able, from the nation or from the central level, to be able to give that title to the territorial entities and to be able to, through the other ways that the national government has and the same territorial entities with resources, be it the national government or the territorial entities, to be able to generate in those spaces and develop schools, to develop health facilities, to develop police stations or to develop any activity that has public interest or public services for the community. We really need, we have come to work, today, at the bottom of the earth, we have more than 10,000 characterized assets and financial assets that are assets of the State, we have more than 4,400 assets, today, at the bottom, we find about 14,500 assets and more than 1,300,000 assets, almost 1,380,000 characterized and identified assets. We will continue to work within this 1,380,000 assets, that I have talked about a while ago, there are many assets that do not have only the character of being judged by the territorial entities, but that we find or have the purpose of being judged by peasants, many of them occupied by peasants, we must tell others, of those occupied, that we hope to continue giving our peasantry to continue organizing productive processes, productive projects that lead to a better well-being of the communities in the territory. Thank you very much. Yes, thank you, Juan, for this illustration of the complexity that these restitution operations can cover, which are obviously not easy to drive in a post-conflict context. So I think that it has also been an interesting experience. I sign that Colombia, just like Niger, just like Senegal, by the way, we do or we will do, I don't know if it's published already for Colombia, but we do the brochure object. I think that James Obata put the link for that of Niger. These experiences of Colombia, Senegal and Niger, we do the publication object by the AFAO team, where you will find the most of the elements that are exposed by the different interventions. So I invite you to look at these brochures, especially if we have the site of the AFAO. I think that our friend Dr. Bio also had a hard time connecting, so unfortunately I could not directly ask the question. As I said in the introduction, the program of GGT in West Africa also included an activity at the sub-regional scale, at the space scale, CDAU, and with a strong flight, reinforcement of capacities, training, especially in the field of management of pastoral spaces. And I think that it has also been an extremely important action. It's a shame that others will not be able to talk about it, but it was also very beneficial for most of the actors in the measure where their capacity was also reinforced to improve the policies of management of pastoral spaces at the regional scale. So it is obviously a very important step when, in particular, the transhumance is in crisis in West Africa, especially because of COVID, but not only that, there are also structural and institutional problems that are old. And so this component, which we called the component of SAEL, so the program has also been extremely important, and therefore its training, especially. So I'm going to ask a question now to all the speakers, at least to those who are present. As far as challenges are concerned, so this project, as we all know, is going to take place very soon. What are the challenges according to you? So I'm going to address Dr. Abouba, in particular, to Juan, maybe to our Senegalese friends, if they are connected to the members of the Senegal platform that could be connected. So what are the main challenges according to you? So that the processes that we just mentioned, which have been supported in the project, continue to see strength in the future. Maybe I'm going to start with Dr. Abouba. How do you see things, so the challenges raised for the future? I have my risk. I think that the great challenges we have had to face, or that we have had to overcome in our process is to have the reinforcement of capacity, so that people understand, so that all the actors can be, I would say, on more or less the same level of understanding of certain references, such as volunteer directors, such as the director of the lines. There are a lot of things that are ignored by a large part of the actors. So the first challenge is really to reinforce the capacity of all the actors, so that they can really be in my eyes to understand the debates of the audience. Abouba, we didn't have any questions. It was not cut to the level. So it's really always a slow process, and it takes a lot of time. We can't get it if we try to go very fast. We took a lot of time, because in truth, it's since 2013 that we have been in this field. And it was considered at the same time that the volunteer directors were adopted. So that's what makes it all come to a point. But it prevents us from taking seven years to get to politics. And the implication, at the very beginning of the world, is also our challenge. In our case, we managed this implication through the organisation of what was called the General States of the United States. It was something very, very decisive in the success of our march. Because it has regrouped, I would say, the whole country in terms of actors. There were more than 350 people for four days. We had long debates about all the problems of the fund that we have. So that really is the challenge. I would say the stages that must not be hidden. You really have to take into account. But the challenge, you have to recognise it, it may not be valid for all countries. In a certain country, political sharing is not totally a problem. You have to look for it through the most important, through the opportunities, the conferences, the information, there is that. So that we can really get there. But it's really very, very difficult. To get there, to convince the authorities. To bring them, to ask them questions, to give them a great concern. It's a work that we will continue. It's not over. It will always remain as a challenge for us. But I think that, since we have been concerned about this challenge, we have been a little victim of it when it comes to the adoption of politics. It gives us a lesson to take. We will work a lot more on this challenge of political sharing of the French issue. That's all I can say for the moment about this challenge. Thank you. Yes, thank you, Bouba. I think it's very clear. In one of the main challenges now in Niger, it's going to be to implement the French policy and to keep this challenge of political sharing that had been acquired in Germany, as you said, during the previous phase. So that's clearly one of the challenges for the future. And I think it's obviously a common challenge. All this kind of process, whatever the country we're talking about, political sharing is obviously still a difficult challenge to take, whether it's for reform processes, but whether it's then also for the implementation of laws or policies so reformed. Thank you for your opinion. Can Senegal also make a few views on these challenges that remain to be raised in the future? Otherwise, Sofia, we can do the same principle. You can also say maybe the answer you had planned, Mr. Tanor, on this subject. Yes, maybe Mrs. Yair. Do you want to contribute? Hello everyone. Thank you very much. I've replaced my colleague who is suffering. So he would have maybe given a lot more information than me in this field. But what I can say is that in fact, in Senegal, we have a dichotomy between the traditional rights and the rights as they say. And so we also have a process that has been reformed that has started for years. So I think here the challenge will be to finalize, in my opinion, this reform. By taking into account the concerns of the populations at the base of how they will come to this reform, so that they don't go on the wrong side with what the populations live locally and who would risk causing problems in relation to the application of this reform. Thank you. So I will also pass the floor to our friends from Colombia. Juan, do you want to intervene on these challenges that await the government in Colombia in the coming years? Of course, thank you. In Colombia we have... In Colombia we have a massivity process. We have tried to advance the formalization of the land in a massive way through the territorial spaces. Here we call the municipalities. Where we intervene, we focus on some municipalities. According to our financial and technical capacity, we focus on some municipalities. We focus on some municipalities and we have entered in an institutional way, not only the National Land Agency, but other entities such as the LIHAC, of the hands coordinated by the Presidency, the Presidential Council, to make these barriers, as we call them, predial barriers where we formalize great tensions or great territories and we leave them set up or organized by counting the legal security of the people in these territories. This leads us to a very large institutional response. It also leads us to a challenge of being able to coordinate the interior of these territorial spaces to the people who live there, because in many of these spaces we find not only peasants, but indigenous communities or Afro communities, to which we have to respect their rights and to be able to generate dialogue spaces with peasant communities and ethnic communities in order to be able or to generate a better coexistence and to lower, above all, territorial conflictivity. Today, the challenges are many. They are very big challenges. These are challenges that we have come from the national government welcoming some international co-operators. FABOS is coming to participate in some of these projects and we have been able to, today, achieve or have important goals in this government that show that we can generate those spaces and that we can respond to the communities. Thank you very much. Thank you, Juan, indeed. These are also important challenges. I will take this opportunity, I think we still have a few minutes to show myself before the end of this session and I will be able to select a few questions in the assistance. I also invite the participants. If you have a few questions, I may not be able to answer them all, but in the Q&A, in the questions and responses, thank you for addressing a few of our panelists. And, precisely, I will go back to what Juan just said because there are questions that are a bit directly addressed to him. And in terms of challenges, especially what are the main challenges for the National Organization, in terms of formalization and titularization of properties intended for public services that are qualified in the question of ethnic territory. So, what are the main challenges that concern formalization and titularization? You have already answered a few, I think, but one of our interpreters has asked this question. Thank you. In Colombia, as I was telling you about the management of public services, they have territorial entities here, they are called the Alcaldias and the Covernaciones. These entities are the ones that ask the national government the titularity of a building to develop a project of public services, or as I said a while ago, in schools, colleges or health facilities, or any activity that leads to a public service or public utility. The challenge is, in principle, a technical challenge that the Alcaldias and the Covernaciones do well in the solicitude. They want what the government requires and what the law requires. And technically, they can generate that amount so that the national government can allocate those areas to territorial entities and they can develop the projects they carry, although they intend to generate. There are some environmental limitations. In Colombia, we have a lot of parks, we have a lot of forest areas and we have to take care of the state and the national government and that in some cases it limits or restricts the allocation of territories to develop these projects. However, they are working from the national government to the local governments to promote that titulation to be able to give the Alcaldias that titulation and that they can develop the projects they carry, although they have in those spaces for public services. Thank you. Thank you, Juan, for this detailed answer. There are a lot of questions that are focused on Colombia. If you allow me, I will ask you one more time. Colombia has one of the highest concentration of lands in the region, according to the Elcox Fam organization. The person in question would therefore like to know what the Colombian state aims to stop this concentration of lands and how to ensure that those who work on land are owned. So vast question. I am aware of this vast problem but indeed these concentration problems are not necessarily new but there are also measures particularly in the case of the peace process that aim to limit this concentration. Once again, a sensitive question certainly, but do you have any response elements on this subject? Of course, thank you very much. In Colombia, we have come to work as I said at the beginning according to the new regulations that were born from peace agreements. Given this, we have generated in this government a goal of 50,000 accommodations for peasants. We have dedicated ourselves in the national government to work for the peasants. Peasants in Colombia are the beneficiaries of a WAF. WAF is the family agricultural unit that we call here. That family agricultural unit is established according to agronomic, social and environmental studies that indicate that this family can have an income that is adequate to have an adequate life level here in Colombia. Consequently, we have generated many, many activities that tend to judge peasants. Not only Waldios, Sino, Predios that at some point were private and that today they are occupied by peasants and that in some reports they are still selling large land tensions or land accumulations when they are no longer like that. The reality is that there are already peasants in some of those large buildings that at some point were private and that today we are giving them to the Colombian peasants. Colombia has grown a lot in this respect. We have a very high goal. The goal of this government is to reach 50,000 populations. We have almost tripled the goals of previous governments and we hope not only to make the locations of Waldios but also to enter some spaces that have environmental limitations that are a forest reserve area however they have been occupied and exploited by peasants and today we are generating conservation and some USU contracts we call here where those peasants who are in those areas with those environmental limitations are committed to take care of the forest not to be deforested and to work with the state within a policy and some established lines in those contracts. Thank you very much. Thank you Juan I don't see many other questions in the Q&A. I have a question for Dr. Abuba. There was a remark in the Q&A about Abuba who aimed to support what he said that the big challenge in the coming years will be to remove the action plan of course an intervening in this sense it is certainly one of the big challenges Abuba in a minute because we have almost closed the time for this panel can you tell us two words about the beginning of the implementation of this plan because it has already started to be implemented this action plan especially for what concerns pastoral spaces and the creation of the national transhumance committee and regional committees just in a few words very quickly can you tell us two words about this question? Indeed, I have seen some activities in this plan that we have already started to implement but the most important is that the next 10 November we will do a table round of technical and financial partners on this action plan to present the action plan to also present a number of project files that we are currently working on and we will look at this table round what will be the actions that we will start to implement and what are the different partners that are ready to accompany us in this action plan Thank you Thank you Thank you I think I have reached the end of this panel at 5.55 am the time has come thank you to all the panelists sorry for those who could not connect but I think we already had interesting lighting elements on what the project could do in these two regions of the world and with very positive results very encouraging even if the challenges we have seen remain very many so once again thank you once again you can continue I think to ask questions directly to the panelists I think they will answer you now I will pass the floor to Alejandra Vega for the second panel of this day so to Alejandra health and tattoo the floor is yours Thank you Jan Mauriz I am Alejandra Vega Specialist Senior of the Colombian FAO in the area of Tendency of the Earth and we are going to focus on the successful learning lessons about formalization and regularization of the Tendency rights in local and different regions in this case we are going to examine Colombia and Senegal to remind you that the FAO technically accompanies governments and civil society to strengthen the governance of the Tendency of the Earth through the incorporation of public policies and guarantee full legal security on the land of rural communities and the territories of indigenous peoples and tribal communities in our Colombian context called Afro-Destined Communities in such a way that it contributes to the reduction of poverty and to improve food security and nutrition in this perspective the specific work of young people and different sectors of the population is a priority for our organization to remind you also before presenting our two panelists who are with us at this moment that we have a simultaneous contradiction in Spanish in the French English and we invite you to ask questions that arise through the chat in the function of questions and answers I would also like to invite you to be aware of the chat in addition to the topics that we are dealing with in these presentations and that may surely be of your interest Today, two important figures both from Colombia and from Senegal who are going to share their experiences from the management that each and their field is doing to advance in the rights of Tendency Colombia is the mayor of San Juan del Cesar in San Juan del Paro José Díaz municipality included within the development plans with the territorial that were created and were developed in the framework of our peace agreement at this moment the mayor works in association with the national land agency and with us with the FAO in a social order of the territory and in this strategy and in this context in this context the mayor has committed actions in the municipal development plan linked with this project that we are closing today he is also a civil engineer specialist in engineering projects and specialist in state hiring from Senegal we are accompanied by Mrs. Pauline who works from 2007 as responsible for projects in Ilda-Pronad in an NGO member of the international network Ilda Tercer Mundo is responsible for the gender component and has directed several projects related to the guarantee of rights about the land and the economic and political capacity of women in the framework of sustainable development Mrs. Alcalde the first question Mr. Alcalde, Alvaro José is for you in the municipal development plan you have put to the formalization and title of previous intended to provide public services such as schools, health centers, parks cemeteries how do you think that the governance of the land's tenancy is marked in the construction of peace and how does the current process of social order very good morning I would like to thank all the presidents for the invitation we would like to tell you that from our municipal San Juan del Cesar and the department of water this municipal that has approximately 50,000 inhabitants and a rural extension of approximately 1350 square kilometers and that has mountainous ecosystems for productivity food and nutrition knowing how to exploit them in a way that the governance of the tenancy the land constitutes a factor extremely important not only to reduce social conflicts but also to dynamize the peasant economy and guarantee that these families have a long and decent work that generates income that allows them to live with better quality of life that's why we want them to reach a lower level of human development and reduce of course their basic needs this really is a task pending that we are taking forward with the preface and here I want to highlight that as the land is democratized and it is given conditions for it to be more productive we are going to build the true social equity and beyond we have wealth for families most affected by the armed conflict so truly it generates peace we are not only making agreements with armed groups but also giving them the tools to the people to work since our peasant families want to work on the land and turn the gaze to the field for having this territory always that vocation eminently agricultural in the same way to articulate the governance of the land to articulate the social governance we are doing the respective efforts to articulate the preface that are of public interest to be able to take public investments that satisfy the needs of our community highlighting that San Juan de Cesar in a municipal prioritized in the peace agreement and the legal security on the land is really necessary to be able to implement many of the measures that were agreed on in the development with territorial focus Thank you Thank you Mr. Alcalde now the question for Ms. Pauline in the air in Dapronat has made many efforts to support the regularization and formalization of the rights on the land of women and young people why is it important to support the separation and the construction of the products Thank you Mrs. Alexandra I greet all the panelists and I thank the FAO for this opportunity to share the experience of the NDA in the field of co-operation especially at the local level even if we know that after we have actions such as the reflection and action on our sources but also at the international level so why is it important to support the young people and women because they constitute the majority of the population but above all they are excluded from the decision process in general and the sources in particular and they have no control on their resources and the fact of attributing the resources to their socio-economic development but also to the socio-economic development of their community and as a Dapronat also our vision and our experience has shown us that agroecology as a relevant response to the challenges of climate change of food sovereignty and youth employment so this kind of ecology women and young people and so we have had to do a lot of support that can be summarized in several points so already we always try to do studies and diagnostics to understand the inequalities and especially the limits in relation to the access to young women also we have put in place an endogenous animation with local animators who facilitate the local consultation and accompany the populations we have also made a lot of sensitization sensitization the students, the leaders the women, the young through village workshops but also through local media but also we have made sensitization at the level of the household because the essential is also what we have had to do also is to facilitate multi-acted consultations at the local level among all the actors involved in the management of the funds to know administrative authorities political authorities religious but also the populations and all this to sensitize on the changes on the security of funds access to women and young people we have also made a lot of capacity reinforcement especially the students, the animators which I talked about earlier but also the youth on the funds rights and especially also on the attribution procedures and the fund regularization how they can do to secure their land through deliberations also in a practical way at the level of the community with the partner organizations the federations the women's group with whom we work so all this with the accompaniment of the animators we managed to centralize certain demands and we facilitated the process of distribution at the level of municipalities and we also followed this process until acquisition of deliberations and it even happened to accompany in any case to support certain communities to hold these community meetings that allow to serve deliberations for the sterilization of the land thank you Corrine if you agree let's go to the second question first Mr. Alvaro Mr. Alvaro Mr. Alvaro Mr. Alvaro from his experience as the first mandate of a municipality clarified by the peace agreement what challenges and advantages in the short term has meant for the management of his municipality to incorporate aspects of governance of tenacity in his territory and what do you think can be the effect of this bet for the citizens our great challenge our great challenge is the social order of the rural property to reach an adequate order of the territory through a basic plan updated so that our 50,000 inhabitants and the 14,000 migrants can enjoy a well-being and an offer and the disposition of essential services the route sheet for the formalization and titulation of the premises for public services must be flattened in the recognition of our municipality as a central sector and finally an adequate order of the rural property and the harmonization of the policy of multi-purpose disaster with the policies that we are pushing at the local level for us, the great materialization of this great challenge in addition to that impulse of a citizen culture that has as an articulator the legality of tenacity to include social conflicts to obtain better public income and in turn make greater investments creating really dignified conditions so that all the rural families and the economic sectors become rich generators in that sense we are pushing important project of strategic importance so that the municipality reactivates economically and there we highlight important projects such as the industrial complex for the production of fiber and its derivative and the implementation for the production the implementation of an agricultural plant processing flour that would be generating more than 1,000 jobs for coffee families equally many citizens have improved their quality of life with the situation of their homes for the improvement of their homes and the acquisition of new homes to improve the conditions of their housing and also with the implementation of systems of autonomous automotive energy for rural families and in that sense we would be resuming the sense of this family displaced by the armed conflict Thank you Thank you Mrs. Agnes Now for Pauline Pauline, according to your experience what are the main challenges to those who face women and young people when they obtain formal rights on the earth so there are several challenges we will consider them there are the social norms and traditions it remains a challenge because until the earth has been managed by men and so it makes women and young people feel less concerned about the questions of the earth and so now that there is of interest so we have to make a place around that also I was talking about earlier with the dichotomy that we have between the right as thought by the populations and the legal procedure of formalization so it means that there are certain mothers who are willing to give titles to do this deliberation on the behalf of the populations also because as such the earth is designed in general even if women make demands there are very few earths available to attribute to women and so it is for this we engage especially the negotiations at the family level because the earth is managed at the family level and so it is for families that once they negotiate they can validate their decisions at the family level also there was also the the procedure the procedure for security so we had to work on that but also especially for the populations of these rural populations sometimes even if it is minimal it is still expensive for certain people but also a little complex because here we are making plans of the earth, it is not always obvious another challenge also the fact that women and young are very present at the level of decision-making on the farm and at the communal level another challenge is the ability and the means to validate the earth because one of the conditions of maintaining this earth is its validation and we know that it is not always obvious for women and young to have these means to validate them also we know that what we can say is that the challenge also poses the problem of the millions of hectares and in these conditions it is not necessary to hope that women and young get the earth if the communities themselves do not have it and so in any case the other challenge also is to make sure that women and young can judge their right to farm without too much commitment because of social links and also to future generations that's it thank you Pauline we have a question from the public what is the process to support women especially those who work at the base level with women and young in their territory I don't understand of course of course Pauline they ask us what is the support that exists both in the government and in its organization for women who work at the base level in the territories so the first support is the information and the information to be able to know by which way to go if we want to have access to the land because what we have that is really the crucial point and the other thing that we do is the sensitization at the level of housing and at the level of villages because as I said earlier there is a way to think about the foundation which is a little different which is different from the law on the national domain which is always in view of the foundation and so today for example the land at the level of houses is managed by the family leaders and so we try to sensitize in the houses and in the villages so that we already know that women have enough land and once at the level of the houses or at the level of the villages it is easier now than the municipal authority to validate this property because once again what we must also note is that in general it is collective management and and for the papers the law is recognized in general for personal contributions and so I was talking earlier about the common sense so that is part of the points that make that there are some mothers who refuse these contributions because simply the process is in love and is not set in this demand that must first be set at the level of the household before becoming at the municipal level Thank you Pauline we have a question for Alvaro Diaz Mr. Alcalde they ask me if I can expand the challenges to advance the citizen culture of formalization Well, it is very important to convey to all the present that we have wanted to organize all from a participative social control to be able to really generate a culture, a experience, minimizing of course the economy at the beginning of that necessary and that is why our territory has been through the participative social control that is to say we consider the formation of a development plan and the formalization and titularization of previous of course that was concerted in work tables was led by all the inhabitants of our territory that really does we do a participative social control where really a culture is generated where the community is integrated as an active part of these public policies for example we, to enter the territory we have always wanted to be accompanied by each of the presidents of community actions of the leaders of all the people and clearly the territory so that they really help us to build the route help us to build the integrity that the municipal government has to be able to build these processes of order of the rural property and we make them really integrate our team that is of course participants of this process which indicates that for them not only a task depending on what you are taking forward in the pretext of institutionalization but that they are a fundamental part for the development of these municipal public policies in favor of being able to contribute to that culture and achieve that our citizens understand that once we achieve an adequate harmonization of this process of course the municipality will understand that this is a resource that they will not only give a financial growth to the municipality but with that financial growth we can make the social expense to invest in works that generate real impact to be able to solve the basic and satisfactory needs that our people have that really are monumental look at this sixth category that has a 25% basic and satisfactory and that really oblige to the administration to the search for income routes important as it can determine this challenge that the municipality has regarding the social arrangement of the rural property thank you now there is another question for Pauline Pauline what are the main obstacles that women and young people face to access the land the challenges that I talked about earlier already to make sure that the land at the community is negotiated at the community and families because once again the challenges is to make sure that the social links are not too much but also to go to future generations and so just now I saw my colleague who talks about the Senegal who says that it is easier for young people to access the land indeed it is true and it is precisely the nature of the land as it is handled at the base it is easier to give land to a group than to individuals especially that at the base the things are also handled in groups and families so that's why when I talk about the reform what should we do for today what we want to take in terms of local reality while also promoting development and so that is extremely important we know that today young people and women should access the land for development and so it is to negotiate in families to be able to manage this land Thank you for your understanding in the chat what you are saying if there is any difference for young women and young people for the population with some disability so it is it is sure that it is more complicated with these people with these people to have land and also what I wanted to specify is that according to the issues according to the areas where we are at the level of Senegal it is more or less easy for women and for young people to have in the area of fossil fuel it is extremely difficult in other areas where the pressure does not feel so it is much easier so that is also something that should be taken into account in the access of young women so these situations of fossil fuel pressure these situations also of proximity and value so it is also it is much more important in the access of young women but also also for disabled people the question of value is also extremely important because it is not enough to ask for land for young people and for women how can the state or the partners help to value these lands to export them this is also a challenge because we do not ask the land to simply ask but we ask it to export so the state and the partners are well attended in this area to help young women to value the land that they get Thank you very much to our two panelists and very interesting from two perspectives from Colombia and from Senegal and thank you very much for your participation to draw your attention to the difference of public policy when it arrives more actively as the mayor of Polin the differences between men and women to be able to access tenacity to the recognition of rights to draw your attention to the need for participation the capacity and of course the political will for the exercise of rights at this moment we are going to take a five-minute intermedia during which we will share a very interesting video about the activities developed by the government and peace in Colombia thanks for your attention we will start our next panel in five minutes Alejandra and to everyone Colombia is a we will connect from the webinar during the five-minute break thanks very much in the case, for example of the public rights entities or EDP when they are in the informality they lack property titles and this limits the government to access the rights of the people and the people and the people and the people and the people and the people and the people and this limits the governments, mayorities districts and even the nation in the investment for their construction and improvement also the dispute for the use, access and control of natural resources has activated environmental social conflicts and contributed to the disaster both social and productive of the Colombian countryside the rural-integral reform pacted in the peace agreement seeks to solve in good measure problems promoting massive access and the formalization of the tenancy and the order of the territory increasing national infrastructure plans health education among others which, along with the citizen participation help foster in terms of coexistence and construction of peace however its implementation to date is still fragmented of a limited interlocution with differential focus little developed and with limitations in terms of planning, programming and execution of resources in fact, one of the most frequent demands to the Colombian government and part of the civil society organized is focused on the limited participation in the implementation of the development plans with territorial focus, PEDET with the project governance and peace PAPAO continues to work in institutional fortification through methodologies that recognize and propel by the guarantee of legitimate rights to land maintenance spaces so that the capabilities of civil society organizations are strengthened in terms of participation in national and regional discussions about rural development from a territorial and differential focus and activating routes that facilitate territorial management and the approach and transformation of socio-environmental conflicts looking for the understanding and application of the volunteers on the responsible governance of land maintenance fishing and forests with these strategic results that the project governance and peace to the country thanks to the decision of support of the Italian embassy and of the Italian cooperation agency for development, PAPAO will continue to bet on the construction of peace in Colombia strengthening both institutional and regional areas such as citizenship in its various organizational forms especially in the Colombian field to advance in the materialization of the rural integral reform through recognition formalization and title of land maintenance the promotion of the participation of civil society and governance management in protected areas PAPAO Colombia will continue to promote the incorporation of volunteers on the responsible governance of land maintenance fishing and forests as a tool that guides responsible practices for the use, occupation and land maintenance and the approach of socio-environmental conflicts in the same way as the project governance and peace proposed the application of directors in specific cases with territorial and population contexts specific thanks very much for the video very interesting so much more that we can learn about all of these different projects welcome back to the second half of the webinar and thank you again to the panelists and moderators from the first a couple of sessions again very interesting and informative we now move on to our next session which will focus on capacity development activities for a more informed and participatory decision-making process and for that I would pass the microphone to Francesca Romano of FAO Francesca please Thank you Darryl and good afternoon and good morning to everybody I hope everybody can hear me clearly once again my name is Francesca Romano I am a land tenure officer based in Rome and I have the pleasure to moderate this session which is going to be a little bit different from the previous one we will actually listen to three presentations one from Tunisia one from Niger and one from Colombia these three presentations have in common that they are all about capacity development and how capacity development tools and mechanisms and publications and learning programs developed through the project have been used for different type of stakeholders and user groups so this afternoon we have the pleasure to have with us Madame Bissal from Tunisia Madame Bissal is the deputy director of the agricultural land agency in Tunisia she has more than 22 years of experience in land consolidation land clearing dealing with registration rights and resolution of land disputes then we will listen to Mr. Manuel Correa Manuel Correa comes from the northeast of Colombia he is a leader of the association of community councils of Bajo-Aprato and the community council of Salaki River in Colombia Manuel has a long experience in working with the organization of cocoa growers from Colombia finally our last panelist is Monsieur Amadou Alilou from Niger Monsieur Alilou is the president of the civil society parcel list network from Niger also known as Robin let me conclude by saying that through the project FAO and partners have been able to develop an incredible set of tools guidelines in different languages including known UN languages that we have collected and which are now available not only on FAO website but also on the land portal and you can see the link to the hub where all this material is gathered in the chat that is being now shared with you so I invite you all to have a look and enjoy the use and the reading of this material now without further delay I will ask Madame Bissal to turn on her camera Madame Bissal fantastic our colleagues from the land portal to share the screen so we can start the floor is yours Madame Bissal okay thank you so I will go directly to the presentation because I have only 6 minutes so are you watching it? yes we are so I have to share with you the traditional experience in 6 minutes of course about the implementation of VGGT in our country first of all I have to give you some information about what is the agricultural land agency that I work in it this public institution or entity deals with the phenomena of fragmentation of agricultural lands and it contributes in the clearance of land situations and registration of land rights for both men and women of course in the perimeter of its intervention because this agency cannot intervene in all the republic only in certain perimeters that are created with a decree so I want to give you a view of some main procedures of land consolidation operations that begin by the definition of the zone of intervention and raising awareness farmers also we have to promulgate a decree creating the perimeter then there will be a minister decision to open land consolidation procedures then we prepare the land consolidation project after checking the land ownership rights then we have the stage of publication of the project and the study of farmers' oppositions by specialized commission and finally we have a ministry decision that for approving the plan or the project of land consolidation and the last stage is to registrate the land rights on the new plots given by the project of land consolidation so we go straight to build the capacity the activities of agricultural land agency agents by the VGT principles because in reality in Tunisia we have adopted some of those principles since 1958 by legislation and it will be a good occasion for us to know more about VGT principles and to adapt more practices or in our work to ameliorate our practices in land consolidation operations by adapting more of those principles so we have in 2018 and 2019 organized in collaboration with FAO organization of course two training sessions for the benefit of agricultural land technicians who work more on the field and then in order to develop their technical and legal knowledges and their abilities in communication with farmers by applying the principle of participatory approach in the agricultural land agency activities and we organized also three regional workshops to disseminate knowledge about VGT and its principles to various partners and to the agent of the agency and also to the farmers in order to disseminate these principles and to strengthen knowledges of agricultural land staff and those of all participants we organized also training sessions in four countries the first was in France the benefit of four senior executives in order to develop their knowledge and their abilities to draw inspiration from more advanced and developed experience in land conservation and in the management of natural resources we organized also a three exchange of experiences with three countries which are Turkey, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Morocco for certain numbers of senior executives of the agricultural land agency in order to draw inspiration from more advanced of course and developed experiences in land consolidations and in the management of natural resources particularly land and water in the subject of impact of capacity building activities supported by FIO on the agricultural land agency activities we adapted from one side VGT principles in the practices of agricultural land agency with regard to beneficiaries and its partners and from the second side we prepared of course the FIO had prepared for us in collaboration and a companion guide relating to respect for free, free and informed consent I'll show you now at least how we adapt mainly of VGT principles in the procedures of land consolidation operation like equity and justice, gender equality participation in the participatory and notably principle that is used in the participatory approach along the procedures of the land consolidation operation and these principles are always used because without them we can't succeed a project of land consolidation and we will have many conflicts and many disputes if notably we didn't use or practice the participatory approach principle here too we insist on the equal participation of women and men in land consolidation operations which is due to the principle of participatory approach by giving for example their opinions men and women of course on the project design by helping to clarify their land rights with deep inquiries and the questions that we ask them to answer and this will guarantee their rights by registering them for example I give an example of title of ownership that concerns women called Yaguta Grawi in the center of Tunisia which means that in registering land rights we didn't do a difference between men and women all men and women both have rights on land so by heritage or by purchase of course so they have both equal rights in right lands in registering right lands and this is the guide that I speak about relating to the respect and informed consent in Tunisia that is prepared by FRO in the benefit of the agricultural land agency and thank you very much Thank you very much Thank you Many thanks and sorry for making you rushing I hope we will have more time to investigate a little bit more in the process you just described when we come to the Q&A session which will come soon in this regard I would like to invite all the participants to pose question to the panelists in the Q&A chat and we will try to address all of most of them after the presentation our next panelist is Mr. Manuel Correa Manuel lives in a very remote area of Colombia Manuel can you hear me if you can turn on your camera just to be sure that your connection is working properly hopefully in the meantime since we know that Manuel is based in a remote area we have pre-recorded his presentation and I am therefore asking my camera is closed by the technical ok we will turn the camera on in the meantime Manuel for letting us know in the meantime we will listen to the presentation from Manuel so I am asking the colleagues from the portal to start the presentation here we are, thank you and enjoy the presentation I am Manuel Correa Ibargüen community leader and commissioned from the Ascova organization in the area of territory and environment in this very important topic that occupies us to thank the United Nations to thank the FAO to thank the ART and to thank the whole working team that has allowed us to be part of this wonderful team that tries to take us on the path of practice and empowerment of territorial authorities in the framework of Havana it is very important for us because we have been perhaps the most affected by the armed conflict because of everything that we have lived because of the displacement because of the displacement because of the lack of homicides of leaders and leaders and this process intends to re-indicate the right of communities in function of the collective property and in function of the governance that traditionally must be the authorities of the territory and that leads us to a process of empowerment to be able to have autonomy to be able to exercise it to be able to manage the territory as the ancestors taught us and as we believe according to our own cosmogony and to our culture which is the permanent dynamic of life of ethnic communities combined obviously with the indigenous peoples that are our closest neighbors that is of vital importance that this process is carried to a happy end that the national organizations institutions national organizations international institutions have come with us have come generating some governance elements like the exercise that we started with the FAO that we aspire we can do it for the next year because we have not finished that we leave an important in function of being able to generate the traditional authorities that clear concept of a route of those previous that are within the collective title but that are ready or could be ready under some agreements to provide a public service to the same community institutions so for us it is of vital importance that this institution this organization continues to accompany us in this process because we just started well my super important experience because we could have a long time and we wanted to have a long time an organization that accompanied us at least in the beginning of the route and we can say that it was an important beginning for us to know that route implementation of how to have within the own titles of us previous that we can use for collective use benefits public use but also that we learned how to have it so that institutions that would like to make investments within the territory could do under what concepts what documentation to organize what institution specifically we must direct with who we can advance the procedure and what kind of document for me it was super important because it is a north that is drawn in the law 70 but had not started the route today we can say that these workshops that we could do led us to have clear the route and leave us a great challenge which is to have within the cova organization and within each community in the organization a territory committee dedicated capacity in what has to do with georeferenciation all what has to do with documentation of each family of each previous collective use and of each previous conservation that fulfill that ecological function of the collective territory and that in fact generate that permanence of the flower and of the fauna so that our new generations can know it and today we are more calm according to the governance because before it was said that we could not do this we could not do anything because we did not know how we were going to destination the previous or certain area for the development specific of a meeting with an institution or with an organization that would like to reach the territory to try to make an investment with these capacities we have at least the clear route we have the initiation of who they must generate which is the function of the directive and the legal representative in function of being able to establish a clear process in front of the subject of destination a previous collective use let me thank Manuel Correa for the presentation which actually is very important to remind us how important is capacity development activity to really reach the local level and the single household level as they did in the project in the experience that Manuel just shared with us now I would like now to give the floor to our colleagues in Niger for the same reason we have pre-recorded the presentation but I can see Mesia Bouba that is back with us so the connection is good and we will get back to him when we come to the Q&A question so let's without further delay now listen to the experience from Niger the presentation will be in French any minute if there is a problem let me know no problem just give me a second between switching all these videos it will be online in just a second thank you then I take your call we have the presentation thank you thank you I am the president of European and the F.A.O who has really accompanied us in this L.A and with the volunteer so I would like to present the European experience with the volunteer so capacity reinforcement and contextualization of guide number in Niger so that's what you see in front of you and so when you see it so the approach we followed and the first step is the identification of action domains with local actors so there has been identification in the first time a problem related to the pastoral in Niger different times will be organized by the European with the actors at the time then the actors they even defined the action domain corresponding to the guide technique number 6 so it is for the specific case of 3 action domains it is about improving the process of decision in the governance of pastoral resources and ensuring an open, equitable, transparent participation in consultation and organization and the third the third domain is to avoid and to deal with conflicts so the second step is the concept and validation of the guide so the different problems have been translated into images and the teams after the European teams have worked with the designers for a better account of the concern of the actors at the time and the first draft of the guide for the improvement of the governance of pastoral in Niger has been presented to the actors at the time of the first students in Doso and Tava so during these students, the amendments have been provided to the first draft of the European team and that the European team has been noted so the first draft which has been corrected by interviewing all the amendments of the actors at the time so the correct guide has been validated during the second draft of the region with the actors at the time so these are the images that you see at this level and illustration so the third step is the use of this guide so the guide for the improvement of the governance of the region pastoral in Niger with the use of the reinforcement of the capacity of the members of CRT of Doso, Tava, Zender, Maradi and Agadesis as well as the National Committee of Transition so the fact that the vulgarization has done the vulgarization during the annual forum of Bangui which is more than 2,000 participants and the study of the training of the members of the Foucault elected the local leader so the guide has also been shared with the actors during the mission to exchange Agigawa in Nigeria led by the European in collaboration with the regional of Zender in Nigeria so this guide is also published on the site of the Chamber of Agributures of Nigeria RECA and the one of the RBM so as a guide of the illustration that you see here are the images of our mission to exchange Agigawa and the photo on the right is the photo where Goumette's emir has received our delegation you have seen that it is really a mission of the actor with the traditional hat and the last photo always on the right it really has been a large communication it is journalists who have asked me a lot of questions regarding this guide so I would like to thank you very much thank you very much many thanks Mr Alidue and Mr Abuba let me just make a small comment on this short session I would like just to draw the attention of everybody on how versatile and how different can be the use of the Voluntary Guidelines and all the materials tools publications that have been developed since the adoption of the Voluntary Guidelines we have been hearing from Madame Dissalle the use of the Voluntary Guidelines and the tool associated in like consolidation processes in Tunisia we heard from Manuel the case of Colombia and the real local use of the Voluntary Guidelines and from our colleagues from Robben how the Voluntary Guidelines have been used in relation to pastoral lands so these are all extremely different context level languages but still the Voluntary Guidelines and associated tool have actually shown how useful can be in this way so let me now spend a few minutes using and posing question to the panelist I have a first one for Madame Dissalle which I think she has already seen but let me read it loud for everybody so the question for you is the following you have explained to us that your agency has provided equal opportunity to women and men to participate but the the participants would like to know which further action have been taken to address gender discrimination which is of course something that goes not beyond providing equal opportunity would you like to further elaborate on this specific question the floor is yours Madame Dissalle okay I'll answer in French language please so thank you so it's true because it was just a short presentation so it's a flight the flight to give as many women as possible the opportunity to participate in the the operation of French women but this operation leads to several stages in which as long as the man and the woman participate first of all the first step is vulgarization or sensibilization of women or men to accept and understand what it is that the woman wants this is said we go to a second flight which is protected by the law itself the law that concerns French women and it's a law that dates since the year 1958 another law in 1963 and then another law in 1977 which was signed in the year 2000 so since 1958 the Tunisian legislation in terms of French women we have to keep in mind during the operation of French women we have to keep in mind the will of the concerned farmer who will benefit from this operation and the legislation says farmer we didn't distinguish between man and woman why that? because the rights of men and women are guaranteed by the old Tunisian constitution of 1950 yes both I don't want to mention the word ego because here the question of heritage is known but equality exists in terms of legislation but at least equality to access to the earth for example as long as the woman or the man exploits the earth and if there is a union between Tunisians we have the immatriculated earth and the non-immatriculated earth of women or men who exploits the earth who is in possession of the earth and if it is immatriculated earth of French women owners owners so in both cases the one who exploits or the one who exploits or the one who exploits both have the same rights because here we already have women who exploits the earth projects on the earth so we take into account all these rights in the operation of French women for example when the technical agents of the French agricultural agriculture agency start the work which needs preliminary research on the field after the work of the field which consists of knowing who is the owner of each parcel what he has as a transitive document of property if it is by heritage or by purchase while women or men who give these documents transitive documents are taken into account we preserve them, we serve them after in the different stages of the project we take into account of their will it is because I talked about the passage of the project of Roman Roman we talk about the publication of the project to have the oppositions as defined as men those who believe or those who believe that the agency did not take into account the right to fund they can oppose and the agency in the context of a specialized commission with the governor studies these oppositions here there will never be a right of a woman or a man to make a living we will verify this and we will resume the work in keeping with the rights after that by promoting the plan of Roman Roman which will be made by a decree of the Ministry of Agriculture we move on to a second phase which is purely the children's situation in Tunisia in collaboration with what is called the Immobilier Tribunal which specializes in the registered world will guarantee even more the rights of women and men by registering these lands to those who exploit and of course prove with transatlantic acts of property which is really the property we guarantee even more this property by the pronunciation of judgments in the registered world of these lands these judgments are made as a final to give to each owner a certificate of ownership so that finally these rights on the land are guaranteed legally I don't know if I answered this question there are other details like this Thank you Madame Dissalle I think you have answered extremely well and in a very incomprehensive way to the question and I'm sure there will be more but time is not our best allies but we are extremely thankful let me take the chance to pose a question to Manuel before we close the session Manuel I hope you can hear me the question Manuel I can hear you Thank you Manuel the question is very simple but straight to the point what would you consider the single most important success story that you can share with us in the process you have described to us something that you really that really struck your attention that you maybe you were not expecting but is it really something that you consider a big achievement of the process that you described to us you have described the ART as an organization and as territorial authorities to be able to have a ally always to consult who has helped us identify the formalization route because it would also help us to dynamize the productive process in the framework of consumption that is very important and that is the first moment but also to be able to commercialize to improve the condition of life to be able to have that ally great great achievement two that the leaders are already willing to continue the route that we already identified and we want to be able to continue accompanying because it has not yet been able to close the gap between the institutional protocols of the laws and the reality of the ethnic territories so we appreciate all public services public services precisely because the norm has come building with an absence of participation of the communities and the leaders in the construction scenarios of the legal part so it leaves us quite withdrawn from reality more specifically when a project is built in the office in Bogota in the administrative headquarters and it is applied in the collective territory it is not possible to arrive for the costs the dispersion of the territory and then we do not find the possibility of really entering in that opportunity to execute the project which is what is sought with an initiative of the project so we have not finished it is only that great expectation of being able to continue working in the installation of the capacity to be able now to have a well established government exercise and that it generates other opportunities that we should have from the territory thank you so much Manuel and finally all the participants can see you the camera is now working we are extremely thankful also for your forward looking view on what is still to be done and what is actually needed we understand that this is a three hour long session and but we want to leave the space to the last panel so I would like to conclude here to thank Madame Vissal to thank Manuel to thank Messia Bube, Messia Lilo for the let's say presentation and participation to this session and leaving the floor to my colleague Sofia for the very last panel and thank you very much thank you Francesca and thank you everyone for joining and for staying connected until this third panel I'm Sophie Spinozole and I'm a water tenure specialist and I'm really pleased to introduce to this third panel and don't forget that the translation in French and also the translation in Spanish and please use the Q&A box to put your questions and please note also that some complementary information will be posted in the chat so you can have a bit more light of what the panelists are going to talk about so as we seen during this session the volunteer guidelines can easily relate to land reform land regularization or capacity development and awareness activities but it's always been difficulties and understanding and showing how can the BJT's be linked with conservation, the certification land degradation water management and in general how the volunteer guidelines can help to combat climate change. This is why we have invited today three colleagues that from different perspectives are going to tell us how the BJT's have been implemented in the case of Colombia and the protected areas how they've been integrated in international conventions the case of UNCCD convention and how the BJT have inspired new initiatives around other natural resources in the case of the know-what project so please let me introduce you to our panelists today maybe if the panelists can turn on the cameras so everyone can see you please let me introduce you to Mrs. Carolina Harro she is a biologist specialized in environmental management and conservation of nature she has more than 18 years of experience in administration planning and natural resources and protected areas and currently she is the head of management and protected areas we also have Sasha Alexander he is a policy officer with the secretariat of the United Nations conservation to combat desertification where he is focused on the role of sustainable land management and ecosystem restoration he also coordinates is the coordinator of the publication of the global land outlook last but not least we have Benjamin Kirsch he is an environment and engineering specialized in water and land resources management and governance in the past he has served as land and water officer in FAU in Latin America in Chile and he is currently the coordinator of FAU's project knowing water better welcome to you all and let me start with the first question to our panelists from Colombia Estimada Carolina in Ponto de Vista ¿Cuáles son los puntos más valiosos que gustaría resaltar de los diferentes abordajes o formas de manejo gestión y gobernanza con los actores vinculados con las áreas protegidas en Colombia muchísimas gracias bueno pues muchos gracias por la invitación al evento a la FAU por todo el trabajo tan importante que venimos realizando en términos de la gobernanza de la tierra y pues obviamente al gobierno de Italia definitivamente el fortalecimiento de la gobernanza en el manejo de las áreas protegidas es totalmente relevante para garantizar el cumplimiento de los objetivos de conservación precisamente aparte de lo que hemos venido trabajando de la mano con la FAU en varias de las áreas protegidas que tiene el sistema nacional de áreas protegidas de Colombia que aprovecho para contarles nosotros tenemos en total 31 millones de hectáreas que integran entre el sistema nacional de los cuales parque nacionales naturales administra directamente alrededor de 21 millones de hectáreas que está asociado a 62 áreas protegidas espacios de diálogo importantes que buscan precisamente optimizar y cualificar el diálogo entre los diferentes actores para fortalecer la gobernanza en el manejo de las áreas protegidas estos espacios de diálogo sirvieron también para generar espacios de confianza pero también espacios de acción en torno a conocer también cuál era la visión la mirada y pues un poco vincularlos en el ejercicio de manejo de las áreas protegidas a población que tenemos que está en zona de influencia o también al interior de estos parques nacionales y eso definitivamente pues cambió la mirada frente al trabajo articulado que se puede realizar había zonas de territorio en donde no había un diálogo fluido y se permitió precisamente ese diálogo fluido en condiciones también de equidad buscando también soluciones a los conflictos sociambientales que se presentan en el territorio y precisamente buscando también abordar situaciones de género que nos permitieran también un poco entender los contextos sociales asociados a los contextos territoriales en el manejo de las áreas protegidas de esta forma y pues efectivamente perdón que te interrumpa podría hablar un poquito más lento para la traducción simultánea gracias les decía entonces que de manera muy importante la implementación de las directrices de gobernanza de la tierra han fortalecido el manejo de las áreas protegidas en el país de hecho han sido también base para la nueva política del sistema nacional de áreas protegidas que pues tiene precisamente un nuevo atributo que el sistema nacional de áreas protegidas debe estar orientado a cumplir en los próximos 9 años es decir al 2030 en donde haya efectivamente una distribución justa pues si bien hay beneficios que se generan de las áreas protegidas haya también una distribución justa hacia los comunidades que están en la zona de influencia o habitan estas áreas protegidas ya sea grupos étnicos o población campesina local que también viven estos territorios allí estamos buscando pues efectivamente que esto obliga a un ejercicio de ordenamiento que también permita llevar a la población a condiciones de legalidad y que también permita generar oportunidades para que ellos también tengan ingresos asociados a la conservación de estas áreas en el territorio definitivamente el paso y el incluir directrices de gobernanza va a seguir fortaleciendo el manejo va a seguir aportando en términos de la conservación de estas áreas en el territorio y va también fortalecer una base de gestión que al final tienen que traducirse en la conservación de estas áreas muchas gracias muchas gracias Carolina por esta información tan pertinente para Colombia y las áreas protegidas ahora quisieramos pasar de lo nacional a lo internacional y quisieramos hacer una pregunta a Sasha Alexander Sasha no se si Jackie Perfecto Sasha Inglés entonces en 2019 the parties of the UN Convention to combat desertification adopted a groundbreaking decision on land tenure the decision acknowledged the important responsible governor of land for addressing desertification land degradation and drought and for the achievement land degradation neutrality is this groundbreaking because the UNCCD is the only multilateral environmental agreement explicitly addressing the issue on land tenure and recognizing the importance of promoting well tenure rights for all or how do you consider this as different or groundbreaking okay thank you Sofia thank you again for the invitation to participate in this webinar indeed that is one aspect of the landmark decision some may call it groundbreaking but the conference of the parties recognized that linking environmental sustainability and rural development and livelihoods it is essential for governance to play an important role an enabling role in terms of addressing the issue of land degradation desertification and drought so the decision which happened in 2019 at our 14th meeting acknowledges the importance of responsible governance for addressing those issues and also land degradation neutrality which is the sustainable development goal target 15.3 and this is about conservation, sustainable management and restoration of our land resources and so the parties recognized that if people are empowered and are secure about the future their rights to benefits their rights to share those benefits they will make those investments that will provide for future generations for healthy soils clean water and enhance biodiversity so with regards to land degradation neutrality it is simply it's the idea of no net loss the parties have committed that by 2030 they will maintain or even increase the extent of healthy and productive land many of the targets that the parties have initiated at the national level and at the sub national level have to do with crop lands and grazing lands so it's very much for our convention it's very much a rural livelihoods issue and the importance of governance is once again emphasized so an integrated approach is something that they've emphasized and in the decision which I think is in the chat box you will see that the parties have also requested of themselves to look at how they can mainstream tenure security land rights a continuum of legitimate tenure arrangements that focus on gender equality indigenous peoples and local communities and dispute and grievance so they are very much cognizant and we as a convention are there to help them build capacity provide them with technical guidance and other types of resource mobilization tools so in this regard we are working with FAO very closely to develop a technical guide that includes various pathways for countries within their specific national context to develop improved governance arrangements in a wide variety of ecosystems so guiding us how to integrate tenure into our process in a manner that respects the principles as we've been talking about now with VGGT gender equality, non-discrimination and so forth but also leveraging those principles in existing sustainable development pathways and land degradation neutrality being the principal one for the UNCCD so we see it in FIM we see it turning the VGGT interaction on the ground through the UNCCD will be a win-win on multiple fronts multiple benefits to developing countries thank you very much thank you so much Sasha for these really interesting news because for I imagine for a lot of us this is a news so let's talking about tenure governance and how the principles of the VGGT can actually relate to concrete actions to his livelihoods let me ask another question to Benjamin that is here present how do the VGGTs inspire the formulation and implementation of the NOAA project and how does these bring the term of responsible governance of water tenure thank you very much Sofia and first of all also thank you very much for inviting me to this panel and to share a bit of our experiences the knowing water a better project or short know what I see the link was already posted in the chat so you will have the opportunity to go to our website and look more at what we do in detail was in fact inspired very much by the voluntary guidelines where water was not explicitly included but if you open the VGGT and you look at the preface it says clearly that it is important to note and I'm quoting here that responsible governance of tenure of land fisheries and forests is inextricably linked with access and management to other natural resources such as water and it goes on to saying that states may wish to take the governance of these associated natural resources into account in their implementation of the VGGT as appropriated now the linkages between land and water are particularly obvious when you look at water for agriculture use livestock use or fisheries as these activities obviously very much depend on water and the value of land has a lot to do whether the land parcel has access to water or not so often water in principle and practice water rights and land rights are very firmly connected and a secure land tenure arrangement may mean for a person that he also or she has more secure access to water however this does not hold true in all circumstances so what we are trying to do in the know what a project which is funded through a trust fund of the government of Germany we try to shed light on the question what water tenure is and we start with a definition that's also inspired by the VGGT that water tenure is the relationship where the legally or customary defined between people as individuals or groups with respect to water resources and our preliminary research is we find that indeed as land and forest and fisheries with tenure arrangements we have both formal water tenure arrangements based on laws and regulations as well as informal ones based on traditions and customs and both of these can be legitimate and it is important to see how these different tenure regimes can be constructed into one coherent systems that gives security of water tenure and we are developing guidelines to assess the water tenure regimes at country and local levels that highlight this diversity of water tenure regimes we want to understand what determines the legitimacy of different water tenure regimes and also shed light on the coherence and also on the conflicts between different water tenure regimes and to develop recommendations finally for an inclusive water tenure system which ensures equitable access for all legitimate water users and particularly under scenarios of changing water availability for example due to climate change. Thank you. Thank you so much Benjamin and now we will want to know actually how these tenure arrangements that are responsible can also be linked with building process of peace and peace building so the next question is to our colleague in Colombia we will want to know Carolina and considering the 5 years of the peace agreement what are the challenges and opportunities that the management and governance shared inside protected areas of the natural parks Thank you very much Thank you very much the challenges faced by the management of protected areas in the framework of implementation of the peace agreement precisely as we have studied and it has also happened in other countries in the later world of peace agreements there are also situations in the territory that we are living in at the moment. We had precisely an increase in the forestry rate in some of these protected areas that actually coincide these areas are in rural areas where if one cruises cartographically they will find that they have also been rural areas strongly affected by the armed conflict this obviously implies to strengthen the governance to also achieve that the communities help us to control some of the situations that are presented in the territory that the people also have conditions that bind them to conservation exercises that sometimes these conservation activities generate income so that in this way these local communities also come out of the select activities such as the production of crops such as coca, mappola, marihuana and others that also affect the protected areas also in terms of lowering the lands that are being presented especially in some protected areas of the country and where definitively there has to be a joint action between local communities between legal processes between also all government to achieve and effectively guarantee the conservation objective that these protected areas have in the same way in front of the control of the illicit extraction not only of resources of fauna and flora of these protected areas but also of mineral resources and precisely the illegal extraction has also been associated with criminal activities and has also impacted in an important way of the areas of the park system and there is precisely where we have to work in a very articulated way to guarantee that it is possible to strengthen the governance exercise in this way also that there is governability in the territory and that effectively we can arrive in an articulated way to attend the part of the inequality that is presented in this area of the country Thank you very much and I see that there are starting to be some questions and if you can please use the Q&A for the questions but we have some first questions for those from the panelists to the panelists in fact and the first question goes to Benjamin What are the challenges for implementing the principles of the voluntary guidelines in regards to water tenure Sorry, can you come again with your question? I did not get that Sure What are the challenges for implementing the BJT principles in regards to water tenure Okay, thank you very much Yes indeed it is it is challenging and water has some aspects that make it more challenging to govern or to manage or to control than other natural resources and the first aspect of water is that it is a fugitive resource it flows easily across administrative and even national they have the issue of transboundary water resources of course and other challenging aspects that it is renewed through the hydrologic cycle but this renewal process depends on many factors such as climate or landscape and vegetation and these produce uncertainties about water availability Another aspect that is unique to water resources is that water can be reused several times as it flows from the source to the sea by different users and agricultural water withdrawals in particular produce and flows which are often used by downstream users and this is challenging to account for in water tenure regimes now whether water actually can be used that depends of course on the quantity of the water but also on the quality of the water resource when you have a lot of pollution in a basin that restricts the possibilities to use water and can negatively affect the water use rights further downstream then on the governance side we have a challenge regarding the responsibilities for water management management for water resources is often divided between different line ministries and sectoral agencies for example public works irrigation, energy transport and often these ministries of overlapping responsibilities and are not always acting in a coordinated way and this sometimes makes it difficult now we have to remember that of course water is essential not only for life as such but particularly for the food secure for our food security and it will be necessary and especially for the future to see that water is available for food production agriculture is by far the largest water use sector currently accounting about 70% of global water withdrawals and to feed a projected global population of 10 billion in 2050 we will need more water to produce the food needed to feed that population at the same time already now many water users and particularly farmers do not have permits or to protect their legitimate rights to access and use water resources and there's just a few ways to overcome these challenges and formulate guidelines for the responsible governance of water based on internationally accepted good practices just like we have it in the VGT thanks thank you Ben I mean you leave us with a lot of homework I see I have a last question sorry the panel is almost over I know it's always late but I have a last question maybe for Alexander and if you can tell us a bit more about the process of the development of the development and the produce of this technical guide you're talking about thank you thank you we started in 2019 with the decision this was the first decision so it's a new issue but we're very lucky that FAO is a very close partner of ours and so we've been developing the guide since then looking at how to integrate VGT into the convention as well as the land degradation neutrality targets I mentioned earlier so we've had numerous consultations multi-stakeholder e-consultations we've collected a number of case studies and then based on these discussions we've identified nine pathways to address the common bottlenecks as regards to tenure and specifically as it regards to scaling up sustainable land management so these pathways address a range of issues from legal and policy frameworks to integrated land use planning and land administration tools both for both private and public lands so many of the issues that we've been talking in the country context during this workshop the overall goal is to provide recommendations to the policy makers to the line ministries so that they can work towards enhancing legitimate land rights across the regions across cultures and across the communities so the pathways are flexible they're voluntary they're action oriented and that's something that our parties have asked for is they want something that can be acted upon so they are rooted in the UNCCD COP decisions so we have the mandate and the VGGD principles which are very well established and can be tailored for different local and national contexts so with this extensive experience and with the extensive experience of the colleagues here and around the world we hope to learn better how we can assist countries with capacity building finance other tools and how to translate this technical guide into policies and actions that improve tenure security so we would invite you to share your experiences and to participate in the convention process if possible so there will be several opportunities in the lead up to our conference of the parties in May of 2020 where we expect to gather further guidance from our 196 country parties so with that I thank you again for this opportunity thank you so much and I want to apologize with the people that had other questions and we didn't have the time to address this gives you an idea on how actually the VGGDs can also be linked to other ways of combat impacts of climate change and to make actually livelihoods better to the most vulnerable if not only related to tenure but it can also be related to soil, water the conservation which means in the case of Colombia we know also biodiversity and that we all from all the parts of the world making efforts to make this happen thanks to the VGGDs so with not further do I leave the floor to Javier Molina who's going to make the conclusions of these really interesting and long maybe but it's still a small panel for the closing of such a big project thank you Javier and thank you Thank you Sofia well actually you leave me with a quite a challenge try to wrap up all these ideas all these lessons that we have learned throughout the project implementation and the wealth of information that has been shared by all of participants today throughout this webinar but I let you start out by pointing at one Dr. Boba from taking from the experience in Nigeria shared with us which is some key factors that have made a difference in improving governance of tenure in Nigeria we are talking about first and foremost political will and that's a given that's the most because we know that tenure rights are sensitive sensitive issue when we talk about land rights access to land we are talking about resources access to resources to wealth in other words which means that we have to bear in mind that addressing tenure issues we have to somehow address the political dimension to tenure rights to governance of tenure and to that end we have learned also from Nigeria that creating a multi-stakeholder process a multi-stakeholder dialogue to engage the different actors come facilitate this policy dialogue and bridge the differences and bring the different actors together to a common understanding but to do that we need to develop the capacity of those actors to create a synergy among them to be able to come together and start understanding each other and so this is a process and also Pauline reminded us showing the Senegal experience this is a long-term process in the case of Senegal we heard that it took them seven years since 2013 starting engaging in negotiations approaching different stakeholders and creating now what we have in Senegal a platform that is also being leveraged by the World Bank the World Bank now is looking at it as a way to leverage and engage different partners to make a difference concerning governance of tenure so this is something again that is confirming what we heard and learned also from the exchange of experiences between Africa and Asia that they can reason that this is a long-term endeavor so changes don't happen overnight also and moving across the ocean we go to Colombia we learn also that land issues are directly related to peace to peace to social stability and that's why the land lies at the heart of the peace of in Colombia as we were informed by our colleagues in Colombia and to the extent also that in Colombia we see that the country has created a strong institutionality to deal with land issues which is central to address land issues to land governance and so we know now that for instance because this institutionality we have the land agency involved we have other agencies in Colombia involved in this exercise of land inventory taking stock of how much land is available to somehow to facilitate access to land and land title and land regularization in those territories we are talking about over one million hectares of land which involves obviously national parks we heard that forest research and land that is under cultivation a great experience that is somehow shows the way for the future I think what we heard also about communities and local governments have come together in joint action to produce a joint management of national resources and the creation of these land use contracts by which people start engaging in sustainable management of forests, water and other related resources now this is a very concrete experience that was shared by our colleague Abado Diaz from the Guajira region and again joint action by government institutions civil society organizations, community organizations is central and that is something that also we heard across the ocean in Senegal and in Niger but then again we are talking about the need to strengthen the capacity of these civil society organizations of those involved in governance of tenure to move forward and in this regard the VJTs have been and have proved to be quite useful to develop technical guides tools and methodologies to engage in the different sectors and then I would like to highlight actually this is a very concrete example how the VJTs have been useful to develop this capacity we are talking about the example that we get from Tunisia that Agriculture Land Agency has worked on land consolidation to promote land rights in which capacity development has been central knowledge, how to build knowledge disseminate knowledge on the legal legislation and methodologies and procedures to secure those tenure rights in a participatory way and more importantly in which we have gender equity which is central as we know gender has been an issue as women have been on the winning side of secure internal rights so to speak with these I would like and bear in mind they are running out of time I just want to highlight the last points raised by our colleagues from the UCCD on the relevance of the interface land and water because land without water was the use of it and I would like to quote the phrase from our colleague Sasha Alexander that the UCCD and FAO now about developing this technical guide this will allow turning the VJTs into action I think now we have the tools we have the methodologies to move forward because we cannot afford not to ignore the need to rethink the way we do our culture we need to rethink the need to address how we use land how to use water and we have technical guides basically this is how to do that as to how to do that bearing in mind that we have institutional fermentation at answer level bearing in mind that we have competing claims and uses to those resources bearing in mind the case of water that is predictable now how the resources are replenished because changing in rain patterns due to climate crisis so the good news is that we know how to change that we have the tools we have learned and now the best is how to upscale what we have learned and what we have from all these experiences and with this I want to thank you I stop here because I'm running out of time but let me thank all of the panelists all of the moderators and in fact all of my friends and colleagues within FAO and at the LAN portal for all of the hard work that went into putting on these webinars my hope is that they have been as interesting and useful to everyone listening as they have been to me quite frankly so again thank you so much for all of your hard work and for your participation today we'll come to the end of the webinar I want to mention that all of you who attended will receive an email with a link to the recording of today's webinar as well as a survey in which we would like to know what you thought what was good what wasn't so good we're always looking for ways to improve and a link to the survey I think is also in the chat in zoom here today apologies to everyone who asked questions that we could not get to I think anyone who has attended webinars like this knows that's an ongoing problem because there's always so much more to say with that thank you to all of you who attended today and I hope you all have a great rest of the day and thanks again thank you bye bye bye everybody thanks good evening thank you bye bye thank you thank you all thank you everybody thank you thank you thank you thank you thank you see you later