 How functional or dysfunctional is is the United Nations and what can we do to to make that an Institution again that that that will do his job Well, if you're gonna talk United Nations, we could talk until next week But but I do think if we think about institutions in general I think those who who are populating most of the institutions of powers there is a sense of complacency and I do think there needs to be a Rethinking about how we can make sure that some of these institutions serve people best For example, the European Union was a creation to to help to avoid war and it wasn't I see it as an as an Entity that was exporting values nowadays. It seems as if the EU is more like It's seen at least by people as something where it is trying to avoid the import of either refugees or or chaos And and I think what we need to do is reinvent the European Union as as a place where we're basically that can protect its citizens from from the Disadventures of globalization because there are lots of advantages, but also disadvantages We need to to show that the European Union for example. Yes, you can have this Paris sovereign Organization, but that can still mean that you can also have have Nation-states that that play a role and so it's I think it requires a Rethink of how some of these institutions work and that each of them I mean the UN needs to read be rethought, but even national institutions need to be rethought I mean some of the countries, you know, I have a look at the United Kingdom What's happening? There is this the social welfare system has was established in the 50s has not been rethought since then So it's not benefiting those who need it most. It needs a complete rethink, but it can be done. It's clear that politics have Consequences we've just seen this in the last few days and the need to reach Across all lines and build bridges is more urgent than ever before in this recent American election Donald Trump did not get more votes than Mitt Romney four years ago. He got about 60 million votes Hillary Clinton the end of the day We'll have more popular votes than Donald Trump by about 2 million But she will be about 6 million short of what Barack Obama got in 2012 so there's a missing Participation on the part of people who should understand especially that their futures are at stake Many of those who are missing were the Millennials the younger generation some of them may have Been responding to various stereotypes and felt themselves disillusioned or they felt that They didn't need to participate. They had something else to do That's what happened in Brexit. They were the younger generation was Largely for remain and they didn't show up and so Brexit narrowly won so it's the burden really falls on the next generation to understand that its participation for its own future is Absolutely essential and that politics is not something foreign to them Not something alien but is very much about themselves and that it's up to them to shape it and make it in their own image To go back to the United Nations and the EU and the World Bank and IMF I happened to be in these corridors for the last 30 35 years of my life Of course again, I have to say they have been doing trying some and they have some good brains But honestly speaking it became a dumping place for Many old ministers or wives of old ministers and first ladies or prime ministers at least from our region from our region Can you believe it or not? That you in DP when Gaddafi was hanging the Libyan in the in the streets of Libya UNDP chose his daughter to be the ambassador of peace So that tells you how the hypocrisy is in this United Nation and the first ladies and the wife of the prime minister At least in our regions are the one who are getting most of their funding and most of their support So I think really the time has come and for you People that at least you are you know, you are you are fortunate to be honest with you very fortunate You have you are paying your taxes for this institution. So we are helpless So it is your voices that you need to push your representative in these organizations to really clean it It needs so much cleaning so much cleansing and I think it's becoming very bureaucratic very unfair and very politicized and again controlled by the superpowers. This is it Europe After World War one after the after the moral collapse of Europe we exported our ideal of To have a political moral power to America World War one World War two And everything that happened that now we are in a situation in which I still Don't have any clue What kind of political power can guide us out of this mess? Steve do you have Based on reason or technology Insight on this certainly we should not underestimate the good that institutions can do and they will not save the world But they can improve the world and the United Nations Which is a horribly flawed and corrupt and often ridiculous organization But it actually has done some good the mere fact that it established the International norm that states may not be conquered that they may not go out of existence So Poland for example has continued to exist since 1945 in many periods of history. It was just carved up No member of the United Nations has gone out of existence through conquest And as I documented it in the book rates of death in warfare, although they are still Horrifying are far lower than than they used to be lower than they were during the Vietnam War during the Korean War To say nothing of the two world wars. So we mustn't with all of the world's problems. We must remember Never say it can't get any worse. It can get worse. It was worse Somebody if I understand you correctly you quite bluntly stated that we should not expect too much now From the world of politics in terms of a guidance how to Manoeuvre through the potential. I think well I think what's clear is that there's an emergence of an authoritarian model including in the United States that extends as well to Europe and all the way to Turkey and That that's a challenge to democracy. I think that there's a new challenge in the West and to not only Western coherence and the West as an alliance on every level but also to Western ideas and ideals and to the very concept of the Enlightenment democracy was was you know for a long time You know the code word for a better world not necessarily saving the world, but at least for a better world Democracy what's the status of democracy? in your region of the world democracy What's going on with the democracy in the in Europe? What's going on with democracy in America? It's not a very nice picture, so How to restore democracy now what's going on with education and how can we how can we get that kind of education? We are in need of Farida No, yes, yes Again democracy is a package of many ingredients so democracy Requisite for democracy is you know good leadership capable leadership no Education when when when when Rob told me that I'm coming to this conference. I've been talking asking many people I mean I'm going to Amsterdam to talk about how we can make a better world So how we can make a better world many people tell me well you're losing your time stay home It's so cold and don't go because it's a joke, but I think the majority the majority We're talking about education Many were talking about freedom Many many many we're talking about replacing these leaders. How we are going to have anything Since we are having the the the actual that they're not elected There are thieves. They are dictators. They are ignorant many of them. They are so we are helpless That's what we have been like I talked earlier, but definitely democracy democracy Of course we all of us will be fighting for it and they think now We are planting the seeds we will die and we will not live all these dreams to be on I'm sure I'm not going to live my dreams But never mind my granddaughters and my grandchildren will live it So now there is a very vibrant movement in All the Arab region by women Particularly young women and young men. It's unbelievable. What's going on education? It's not only education of the intelligence. It's not only knowledge as Is intended by many? Liberalism, but it's education also of the of the will In relation to the good is education of ethic is education of values because in the country you have in Many universities they say I know some someone say that Obama go to his original university and they You are the leaders. You need to have the power But don't explain what is the meaning of the power. This is the question if we don't have education of moral ethics Aristotle Learn about justice in the politics and about freedom and and about friendship in the politics This we need to have an education of moral because the human being is good not because have a great intellect but because Have the will to go to the to the good. This is very important question today If I might speak to that wise notion of the Spiritual and moral value of democracy That is central to the very idea of democracy which is a Political ideal. It's a constitutional ideal, but it's also a moral ideal And as if I can cite Lincoln As I would not be a slave so I would not be a master That is a moral idea as well It's a spiritual idea and it is an ideal of democracy. We face a crisis of democracy within the United States in which democracy is used against democracy in which law is used against the rule of law When justice is used against justice a seeming paradox in which a plutocrat is Depicted as a messianic leader of the masses